• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2015

This study aims to provide public sectors with eco-efficiency information. To implement the purposes of the study, environmental and economic variables of Eco-Efficiency were identified through decision tree model, then the relative Eco-Efficiencies of 243 public sectors were evaluated through input-oriented DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model. Specifically, the amount of public purchasing per a staff and the amount of energy use per a staff were considered as input factors. Sales per a staff was considered as output factor. The result shows that most of the public sectors (94.2%) were evaluated as "inefficient" taking into consideration of average value, 0.501 from market-based public corporations, 0.288 from local public corporations, 0.28 from quasi-market-based public corporations, 0.269 from fund-management-based quasi-governmental institutions, 0.09 from non-classified public institutions, and 0.078 from commissioned-service-based quasi-governmental institutions. Furthermore, it is possible to establish a plan for internal Eco-Efficiency improvement based on information of the reference set. In order to improve the Eco-Efficiency in the public sectors in the long term, environmental impacts of the overall public sectors' operations (e.g., energy saving, water saving, waste reduction, and purchasing of green products) needs to be properly proposed in consideration of BSC (Balanced Scorecard) indicators of public sectors.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1984

The pattern of economic integration in the broiler industry can be grouped into three categories; 1) non-integration, 2) quasi-integration and 3) complete-integration. It is general to see that the non-integration is quite common under the market conditions of perfect competition, whereas the complete integration is more preferable in the imperfect competition. The quasi-integration, however, exists at all phases where the complete integration is not fully formed and implemented, but the non-integration has begun to alter its nature into integrated structure. The broiler industry in Korea has been characterized with the typically non-integrated independent operation, resulting in considerable price fluctuation and unstable industry as a whole. As a means of solving out the problem stemed from the non-integrated, growers and agribusinessmen involved in broiler industry have tended to develope the regular customer relationship prevailed between two parties. In fact, it has been practiced for years that most growers have been dealt with factor suppliers or processors on a regular basis for advantages of better price and quality, useful information, management help and so forth. Under the customary transaction, no formal contract has been made due to simple buyers and sellers relations, not like the one used to be performed in the form of contractual agreement. The broiler industry realizes the direction to go ahead toward the formal arrangement of integrated system from current regular transactions. As more Vowers, suppliers and processors recognize the necessity of it, the non-integrated industry appears to become the partially integrated by developing the existing customer relationship in such a way that functions of integrators are. further expanded and better organized. As a result, a type of quasi-integration started to show up by an integrator dominated in the field of hatching, feedmilling, dressing and by a grower's coop, It is concluded, therefore, that the evolution of quasi-integration in Korea's broiler industry is continuously taking place, implying the close approach to the completely integrated broiler production and marketing system.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.451-461
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• 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been attracting attention since graphene monolayer was firstly separated. However, after an explosive boom, there is always quandary and stagnancy following and soon will come the refractory period of capital market. To avoid that undesired future, a paradigm of quasi 2D monolayer has been contemplated and devised in this article, with examples studied theoretically. The results show the general dynamic nonlinearity, and the expected tunability of bandgap without extra doping or substitution. These together suggest its intriguing both electronical and mechanical properties, which will enrich the arsenal of potential 2D materials.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-104
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• 1995

Dividend Policy involves the decision to pay out earnings versus retaining them for reinvestment in the firm, and dividend policy decisions can have either favorable or unfavorable effects on the attainment of firm's objective. This paper is to examine the present status of dividend policy of the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market, and to suggest the optimal dividend policy decisions appropriate for achieving its objective, which is to promote the fishermen's benefits and protect the interest of consumers. There are two types of dividend that the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market pays to the equity owners : (1) dividend on capital and (2) equalized patronage dividend. During'90s, while the rate of dividend on capital ranged from 1.7% to 2.8%, that of equalized patronage dividend ranged from 13.9% to 22.9%. Therefore, the rate of total dividend on capital including revolving funds has been about 20%, which turns out to be much higher than those of companies listed in the stock market. According to the current dividend data, the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market focuses on the equalized patronage dividend and the dividen on capital is the secondary type of dividend. In addition, the interesting feature of equalized patronage dividend is that it is supposed to be reinvested into capital by the Articles of the Fish Market, as soon as the Fish Market pays it to its members. Finally, this paper suggests the rational dividend policy of the Fish Market that is able to help its objective to be achidved more efficiently. The overall direction of the rational dividend policy can be summarized as follows ; (1) The level of cash dividend on capital should be increased enough to reflect the market interest rate. (2) The subsidy of working capital to some member fisheries cooperatives as quasi- dividend should be cut off steadily. (3) The equalized patronage dividend should be replaced by the original patronage dividend whose level is determined by the volume of each member's purchase. (4) In the long-term, it is necessary to improve the system of revolving funds in the way that revoloving funds could serve to complement equity capital for only a fixed time, after which they ard repaid to the members.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.23 no.1_2
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• pp.293-310
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• 2007

Recently a risk measure pricing and hedging is replacing a utility-based maximization problem in the literature. In this paper, we treat the optimal problem of risk measure pricing and hedging in the friction market, i.e. in the presence of transaction costs. The risk measure pricing is also verified with the contexts in the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.592-601
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• 2007

In the conventional double auction approaches, two basic assumptions are usually applied - (1) each trader has a linear or quasi-linear utility function of price and quantity, (2) buyers as well as sellers have identical utility functions. However, in practice, these assumptions are unrealisitc. Therefore, a flexible and integrated double auction mechanism that can integrate all traders' diverse utility functions is necessary. We propose a double auction mechanism with resource allocation based on nonlinear utility functions, namely a flexible synchronous double auction system where each participant can express a diverse utility function on the price and quantity. In order to optimize the total market utility consists of multiple complex utility functions of traders, our study proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) We show the viability of the proposed mechanism through several simulation experiments.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2015

Disposable marine product packaging materials such as wooden, Styrofoam, and corrugated cardboard boxes have a very low reuse rate, thus causing the logistics costs to rise and making it difficult to establish a unit load system for marine products. Disposable packing containers to be discarded are accompanied by resource and environmental issues home and abroad. Transportation vehicles for marine products have to return empty without loading different kinds of products after delivery due to the smell and properties of marine products, thus posing as an obstacle to logistics rationalization. In an effort to overcome those limitations, this study examined the stages of transportation including "producer-wholesale market in the producing area-commission merchant-wholesale market in the consumption area-commission merchant-quasi-wholesale market-consumer" and also analyzed the utilization and distribution of disposable packaging materials currently used in the circulation of marine products including wooden, Styrofoam, and corrugated cardboard boxes. Based on the analysis results, the investigator developed a logistics rationalization model capable of promoting semi-permanent reuse and lowering empty vehicle rate on return routes as an alternative to address environmental issues caused by disposable packaging materials, which have been an obstacle to the logistics rationalization of marine products, packaging costs in the process of repeating packing and unpacking at each stage of marine products circulation, and empty vehicle rates on return routes after marine products delivery.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2008

This study is to evaluate, to the extent to, which advanced currency futures and emerging currency futures markets can predict accurately the future spot rate. To this end, Johansen's the maximum-likelihood cointegration method(1988, 1991) is adopted to test the unbiasedness and efficiency hypothesis. Also, this study is to estimate and compare a quantitative measure of relative efficiency as a ratio of the forecast error variance from the best-fitting quasi-error correction model to the forecast error variance of the futures price as predictor of the spot price in advanced currency futures with in emerging currency futures market. Advanced currency futures is British pound and Japan yen. Emerging currency futures includes Korea won, Mexico peso, and Brazil real. The empirical results are summarized as follows : First, the unbiasedness hypothesis is not rejected for Korea won and Japan yen futures exchange rates. This indicates that the emerging currency Korea won and the advanced currency Japan yen futures exchange rates are likely to predict accurately realized spot exchange rate at a maturity date without the trader having to pay a risk premium for the privilege of trading the contract. Second, in emerging currency futures markets, the unbiasedness hypothesis is not rejected for Korea won futures market apart from Mexico peso and Brazil real futures markets. This indicates that in emerging currency futures markets, Korea won futures market is more efficient than Mexico peso and Brazil real futures markets and is likely to predict accurately realized spot exchange rate at a maturity date without risk premium. Third, this findings show that the results of unbiasedness hypothesis tests can provide conflicting finding. according to currency futures class and forecasts horizon period, Fourth, from the best-fitting quasi-error correction model with forecast horizons of 14 days, the findings suggest the Japan yen futures market is 27.06% efficient, the British pound futures market is 26.87% efficient, the Korea won futures market is 20.77% efficient, the Mexico peso futures market is 11.55%, and the Brazil real futures market is 4.45% efficient in the usual order. This indicates that the Korea won-dollar futures market is more efficient than Mexico peso, and Brazil real futures market. It is therefore possible to concludes that the Korea won-dollar currency futures market has relatively high efficiency comparing with Mexico peso and Brazil real futures markets of emerging currency futures markets.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-126
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• 2000

In this study I am concerned with the impact of training for the unemployed on reemployment in Korea. The data is based on the survey that was conducted on those who participated in training programs in 1998 and those who did not. The matching criteria was the length of the spell of nonemployment that preceded entry to training programs. This data design allows to apply the quasi-experimental evaluation method. My estimation results indicate that the participation in training raises the hazard rate into reemployment, but training characteristics such as training contents, agencies do not affect the hazard rate significantly. This results imply that training participation increases reemployment possibility by preventing withdrawal of participants from the labor market, but training programs make little contribution to improving skills.

• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.211-225
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• 1998

As mentioned in Part I all groupware products have been categorized into three areas which include cooperation/document management systems(CMS), collaborative writing systems(CWS), and decision-making/meeting system(DMS). This study deals with a comparative analysis of the last two areas, which is added to the first. It turns out that DMS has a higher market share than CWS. However. since effective collaboration requires the functions inherent to these two systems. they should be integrated somehow. The systems' functions that have been implemented in response to design issues have been described. Each group of the functions has been divided into three parts which consist of basic function, quasi-basic function. and others. Such a decision has been made according to the frequency rate of the functions provided in the products. While the basic functions in CWS include collaboraive writing beyond restriction of time and place, group awareness. version control. and others, in DMS realtime collaboration. brainstorming. presentation. various task support. policy formation. document management, multimedia, subgroup communication. topic commenter, categorizer, screen capture and various rile transfer. The basic functions are merged into the integrated functional model which was proposed in Part I. Since the model is so flexible that it can partially include the quasi-functions in addition to the hasic functions. a large number of products may stem from the modification of the functional model.