• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 1997

소아에서부터 청소년기까지 혈청 지질의 지속성(tracking)은 서구에서 행해진 연구들에 의해서 이미 잘 알려져 있으나 국내에서는 이에 관한 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 우리나라 청소년의 혈청 지질치의 변화를 조사하고 지속성이 있는지를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 강화군에서 진행하고 있는 강화 아동 혈압 코호트(719명)의 청소년들로 12세, 14세, 16세 세 번에 걸쳐서 공복 후 혈액검사(혈청 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤을 포함)와 신체계측을 시행하였다. 이 중 3번의 혈액 검사에서 10시간 이상의 공복이 확인된 청소년 309명 (남자 162명, 여자 147명)을 최종 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구대상이 된 청소년들과 연구대상에서 제외한 청소년들의 12세때 초기 검사치들을 t 검정을 이용하여 서로 비교한 결과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 연구방법은 우선 혈청 지질치의 변화양상을 보기 위하여 각 검사 년도간에 반복 측정된 분산분석을 시행하였다. 각 혈청지질의 지속성을 보기 위해서는 첫께, 초기값을 바탕으로 사분위 집단으로 나누어 각 사분위 집단의 혈청지질치가 매 검사 연도마다 어떻게 변하는 지를 그림으로 나타내었다. 둘째, 혈청지질치의 검사 시기사이의 스피어맨 상관계수를 구하였다. 그리고 마지막으로 각 검사 년도의 혈청지질치를 사분위 집단으로 구분하여 초기검사에서 가장 위험도가 큰 집단에 속한 사람들이 지속적으로 위험도가 큰 집단에 속하는 백분율을 계산하였다. 연구결과 남녀 모두 4년간 세 번의 검사에서 혈청 총 콜레스테롤은 남자가 초기검사에서 $160.7{\pm}25.3mg/dl$, 최종 추적검사에서 $150.0{\pm}27.8mg/dl$, 여자가 초기검사에서 $168.8{\pm}29.7mg/dl$, 최종 추적검사에서 $168.8{\pm}29.7mg/dl$, 중성지방은 남자가 $98.0{\pm}45.7mg/dl$에서, $114.1{\pm}67.9/mg/dl$로, 여자가 $109.9\geq37.1mg/dl$에서, $104.9{\pm}47.6mg/dl$로, LDL 콜레스테롤은 남자가 $93.6{\pm}21.2mg/dl$에서, $83.0{\pm}25.0mg/dl$로 여자가 $83.0{\pm}25.0mg/dl$에서, $94.7{\pm}24.4mg/dl$로, HDL 콜레스테롤은 남자가 $47.6{\pm}9.1mg/dl$에서, $44.2{\pm}9.4mg/dl$로, 여자가 $48.8{\pm}10.0mg/dl$에서, $47.8{\pm}11.3mg/dl$ 변화하였다. 반복 측정한 분산분석 결과 남녀 모두 4년 동안 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL콜레스테롤이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 특히 남자 LDL 콜레스테롤은 두 번의 추적검사에서 모두 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 중성지방은 남자에서는 지속적으로 증가하였고 여자에서는 변화가 없었다. 같은 연령에서 남녀간의 각 혈청지질치를 비교해보면 중성지방을 제외하고는 모두 여자가 남자보다 더 컸다. 혈청 지질의 초기 검사와 최종 검사간의 스피어맨 상관분석과 각 혈청 지질치의 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위집단에 잔류하는 백분율을 보면 지속성이 존재하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL 콜레스테롤에서 각 시기의 검사치들의 상관계수는 남자가 0.6 이상, 여자가 약 0.7 이상이었으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 첫 번께 검사에서 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위 집단에 속한 사람 중 두 번째 검사에서도 위험도가 가장 큰 사분위 집단에 속한 백분율은 여자의 중성지방(42.9%)을 제외하고는 모두 50%이상이었다. 이들이 세 번째 검사에서도 같은 사분위 집단에 잔류한 백분율은 여자의 중성지방(25.7%)을 제외하고 모두 35%이상이었다. 결론적으로 청소년기의 혈청 지질치는 지속성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 4년 동안의 변화이고 성인까지의 변화를 보기 위해서는 좀 더 장기적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study is to propose a methodology of the flood runoff analysis in steep mountainous basins and the analysis basin is the Jasa valley basin in Chungju city Analyzing the spatial pattern of the rainfall in 1994. 6 30~7.1, the seasonal rainy front was tied up in the whole central district, and the rainfall center was moving from the northern Chungbuk province to the northern Kyongbuk province and caused heavy storm. Analyzing the temporal pattern with the Huff method, the 52.5% of the rainfall was concentrated on the 3rd quartile. Rainfall frequency analysis is accomplished by five distribution types; 2-parameter Lognomal, 3-parameter Lognomal, Pearson Type III, Log-Pearson Type III and Extremal Type I distribution Rainfall-runoff analysis in Jasa valley basin was made using HEC-HMS model. Jasa valley basin was divided into 3 sub-basins and the analysis point was 3 points{A, B and C point) With the rainfall data measured by the 10 minutes, the flood runoff also was calculated by as many minutes. SCS CN model, Clark UH model and Muskingum routing model in HEC-HMS model were used to simulate the runoff volume using selected rainfall event.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to estimate the design flood runoff for ungaged forest watershed to reduce the flood damage in national park. Daewonsa watershed in Jirisan National Park was selected as study watershed, of which characteristic factors were obtained from GIS data. Flood runoff was simulated using SCS unit hydrograph module in HEC-HMS model. SCS Curve Number (CN) was calculated from forest type area weighted average method. Huff's time distribution of second-quartile storm of the Sancheong weather station, which is nearest from study watershed, was used for design flood runoff estimation. Critical storm duration for the study watershed was 3 hrs. Based on the critical duration, the peak runoff for each sub-watershed were simulated. It is recommended to monitor the long-term flow data for major stream stations in National Park for a better reliable peak runoff simulation results.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 2005

Hyperlipidemia and related heart disease will be growing public health problems as the population ages. It is therefore of great importance to identify modifiable risk factors. So this research investigated associations among life style, nutrient intake, and blood lipids in middle-aged men with borderline hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes were assessed by food-frequency questionnaire and convenient method. The subject's histories of alcohol use and smoking were assessed via a questionnaire. Current smokers were classified as smokers, whereas past smokers and subjects who never smoked were classified as nonsmokers. With regard to alcohol intake, the subjects were stratified into drinkers and nondrinkers. In drinkers the frequency were measured. Frequency of alcohol intake and weight were associated with high blood lipids and blood pressure. The highest quartile of calcium intake had lower triglyceride concentration than did those in the lower three quartiles. High calcium intake was associated with low blood triglyceride concentration. These results suggest that healthy weight and high calcium intake and less alcohol intake can contribute to maintenance of healthy blood lipids in men.

• 물과 미래
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1993

본 연구는 하수관거 설계시, 계획강우의 임계지속기간을 결정하기 위한 것으로서, 지속기간내의 시간적 강우분포형은 Huff의 4분위법에 의하였으며, 20분~240분의 9개의 지속기간을 10년 빈도강우에 대하여 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 서울시 관내의 18개 유수지 배수구역을 대상으로 해석을 시도하였으며, 유출해석을 위하여 ILLUDAS 모형을 이용하였다. 하수관거의 설계수문량 기준이 되는 첨두유출량을 최대로 발생시키는 계획강우의 임계지속기간은 대체로 30,60분으로 판단되었다. 계획강우의 시간적 분포형별로 임계지속기간을 설정할 수 있도록 첨두유량-유역면적-임계지속기간의 관계도를 제시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.303-310
• /
• 2010

Consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with a reduced risk of stroke, but it is unclear whether their protective effects are due to antioxidant vitamins or folate and metabolically related B vitamins. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that intake of fruits and vegetables, which are major sources of antioxidant and vitamin B complex vitamins, reduces the risk of stroke. Cases consisted of patients diagnosed with first event of stroke (n = 69). Controls (n = 69) were age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched to cases. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis showed that subjects who ate four to six servings of vegetable per day had a 32% reduction in the risk of stroke, and those with more than six servings per day had a reduction of 69% after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and family history of stroke. Intakes of total fat, plant fat, calcium, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, niacin, and folate were significantly and negatively associated with the risk of stroke. Although the trend was not significant, stroke risk was reduced in the second quartile (1.21-2.66 servings per week) of fish intake. However, intake of fruits (average daily intake of 1.0 serving) and antioxidant vitamins such as carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E was not associated with the risk of stroke. In conclusion, our observational study suggests that intake of fat and vegetables, rich sources of vitamin B complex, calcium, and potassium may protect against stroke.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
• /
• pp.311-314
• /
• 2005

To evaluate the acute effects of fine particles on pulmonary function, a longitudinal study was conducted. This study was carried out for the schoolchildren(3rd and 4th grades) living in Inner-Mongolia, China. 113 Chinese children were asked to record their daily levels of peak expiratory flow rate(PEPR) using portable peak flow meter(mini-Wright) for 40 days and 3 time everyday(12 April 2004 to 21 May 2004). The atmospheric concentration of fine particles in study area was also determined everyday during same period. The relationship between dailypeak expiratory flow rate(PEFR) and fine particle levels was analyzed using a mixed linear regression models including gender, age, height, the presence of respiratory symptoms, and daily average relative humidity as extraneous variables. The analysis showed that the increase of fine particle concentrations was negatively associated with the variability in PEPR. The IQR(inter-quartile range) increments of $PM_{10}$ or $PM_{2.5}(66.0{\mu}g/m^3$ and $118.9{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively) were also shown to be related with 1.422L/min(95% Confidence intervals: 0.270 ${\sim}$ 2.574) and 1.214L1min(95% Cl: 0.010 ${\sim}$ 2.418) decline in PEFR.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.571-581
• /
• 2016

To understand the mechanical properties of fault rocks, data from 584 in situ and laboratory tests on fault rocks from 33 tunnels were analyzed. The unit weights of the fault rocks range from 17.3 to $28.2kN/m^3$ and the cohesion and friction angles vary from 5 to 260 kPa and $14.7^{\circ}$ to $44.0^{\circ}$, respectively. The modulus of deformation and elasticity were generally < 200 MPa. In most cases, the uniaxial compressive strength was < 0.5 MPa, and Poisson's ratios were mainly 0.20-0.35. The mechanical properties of individual rock types were analyzed using box plots, revealing that the cohesion values and friction angles of shale and phyllite have relatively wide inter-quartile ranges and that the modulus of deformation and elasticity of shale have the lowest values of all rock types. In the analysis of mechanical properties by components of fault rocks, the largest values were shown in damage zones of individual rock types.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 소규모 유역에서 홍수 저류시설물과 홍수 조절시설물 사이의 임계지속기간을 평가하는데 있다. 4개 소규모 유역을 통하여 수문분석을 실시하였으며, 유효우량은 NRCS 유효우량 산정방법으로 산정하였다. 홍수 저류시설물과 홍수 조절시설물의 임계지속기간은 허용방류량 고정개념을 이용하여 평가하였다. 허용방류량 고정개념을 이용한 경우 최대 저류비를 발생시키는 시간분포는 Huff 2분위 시간분포로 나타났으며, 자연방류형 단일저류지에서 홍수 조절시설물의 임계지속기간은 홍수 저류시설물의 임계지속기간과 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to analyse the rainfall and the rainfall-runoff characteristics of a rural watershed. The Sangwha basin($105.9km^{2}$) in the Geum river system was selected for this study. The arithmetic mean method, the Thiessen's weighing method, and the isohyetal method were used to analyse areal rainfall distribution and the Huff's quartile method was used to analyse temporal rainfall distribution. In addition, daily runoff analyses were peformed using the DAWAST and tank model. In the model calibration, the data from June through November, 1999 were used. In the model calibration, the observed runoff depth was 513.7mm and runoff rate was 45.2%, and the DAWAST model simulated runoff depth was 608.6mm and runoff rate was 53.5%, and the tank model runoff depth was 596.5mm and runoff rate was 52.5%, respectively. In the model test, the data from June through November, 2000 were used. In the model test, the observed runoff depth was 1032.3mm and runoff rate was 72.5%, and the DAWAST model simulated runoff depth was 871.6mm and runoff rate was 61.3%, and the tank model runoff depth was 825.4mm and runoff rate was 58%, respectively. The DAWAST and tank model's $R^{2}$ and RMSE were 0.85, 3.61mm, and 0.85, 2.77mm in 1999, and 0.83, 5.73mm, and 0.87, 5.39mm in 2000, respectively. Both models predicted low flow runoff better than flood runoff.