• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.118-129
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• 2023

The expansion of smart cities drives the growth of data generated from sensor devices, benefitting citizens with enhanced governance, intelligent decision-making, optimized and sustainable management of available resources. The exposure of user data during its collection from sensors, storage in databases, and processing by artificial intelligence-based solutions presents significant security and privacy challenges. In this paper, we investigate the various threats and attacks affecting the growth of future smart cities and discuss the available countermeasures using artificial intelligence and blockchain-based solutions. Open challenges in existing literature due to the lack of countermeasures against quantum-inspired attacks are discussed, focusing on postquantum security solutions for resource-constrained sensor devices. Additionally, we discuss future research and challenges for the growing smart city environment and suggest possible solutions.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-63
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• 2007

Recently, Kim and Mauborgne (2005a) has introduced the concept of blue ocean strategy that provides quantum leap in value innovation, thus creating new market space. This study, based on the blue ocean strategy concept, suggests blue ocean new product development strategy, and attempts to examine how much impact this blue ocean new product development strategy has on new product performance, compared to existing new product development strategy perspectives based on competitive strategy-based new product development strategy and resource-based new product development strategy, in an empirical way. The research results show that the blue ocean new product development strategy has a statistically significant impact on new product performance. In addition, it was revealed that such contingency variables as firm size and environmental dynamism have moderating effect on the relationship between the blue ocean new product development strategy and new product performance. The blue ocean new product development strategy is more effective in the small-sized firms than the large-sized ones, and its effect on new product performance is different according to environmental dynamism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.40-54
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• 2006

Recently, Kim and Mauborgne [40] has introduced the concept of blue ocean strategy that provides quantum leap in value innovation, thus creating new market space. This study, based on the blue ocean strategy concept, suggests blue ocean new product development strategy (BONPDS), and attempts to examine how much this BONPDS has impact on new product peformance, compared to existing new Product development strategy Perspectives (i.e., competitive strategy-based new product development strategy and resource-based new product development strategy) in an empirical way. The research result shows that the BONPDS has greater impact on new product performance than existing new product development strategies. In addition, it is revealed that such contingency variables as firm size and environmental dynamism have moderating effect on the relationship between the BONPDS and new product performance. The BONPDS is more effective in the small-sized firms than the large-sized ones, and its effect on new product performance is different according to environmental dynamism.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2024

As listed as one of the most important requirements for Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process by National Institute of Standards and Technology, the resistance to various side-channel attacks is considered very critical in deploying cryptosystems in practice. In fact, cryptosystems can easily be broken by side-channel attacks, even though they are considered to be secure in the mathematical point of view. The timing attack(TA) and the simple power analysis attack(SPA) are such side-channel attack methods which can reveal sensitive information by analyzing the timing behavior or the power consumption pattern of cryptographic operations. Thus, appropriate measures against such attacks must carefully be considered in the early stage of cryptosystem's implementation process. The Montgomery multiplier is a commonly used and classical gadget in implementing big-number-based cryptosystems including RSA and ECC. And, as recently proposed as an alternative of building blocks for implementing post quantum cryptography such as lattice-based cryptography, the big-number multiplier including the Montgomery multiplier still plays a role in modern cryptography. However, in spite of its effectiveness and wide-adoption, the multiplier is known to be vulnerable to TA and SPA. And this paper proposes a new countermeasure for the Montgomery multiplier against TA and SPA. Briefly speaking, the new measure first represents a multiplication operand without 0 digits, so the resulting multiplication operation behaves in a very regular manner. Also, the new algorithm removes the extra final reduction (which is intrinsic to the modular multiplication) to make the resulting multiplier more timing-independent. Consequently, the resulting multiplier operates in constant time so that it totally removes any TA and SPA vulnerabilities. Since the proposed method can process multi bits at a time, implementers can also trade-off the performance with the resource usage to get desirable implementation characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

In this paper, a hybrid scheduling algorithm is proposed for CMS(Combat Management System) to improve QoS(Quality of Service) based on DWDRR(Dynamic Weighted Deficit Round Robin) and priority-based scheduling method. The main proposed scheme, DWDRR is method of packet transmission through giving weight by traffic of queue and priority. To demonstrate an usefulness of proposed algorithm through simulation, efficiency in special section of the proposed algorithm is proved. Therefore, We propose hybrid algorithm between existing algorithm and proposed algorithm. Also, to prevent frequent scheme conversion, a hysteresis method is applied. The proposed algorithm shows lower packet loss rate and delay in the same traffic than existing algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.73-87
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• 1996

The outer-most electrons of metal atoms and the remining valence electrons of any molecular atoms make three dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bondings. The electrons on the $\pi$-bonding orbital rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise and they then make electro-magnetic waves between atoms on the orbital because electron move between plus charged ions. The three dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bonding orbitals are quantum-mechanically modeled by a cyclic Kronig-Penny Model and energy band structures are analyzed with their potential barrier thickness. The waves generated between plus charged ions are the particular $\pi$-far infrared rays, which have dual properties between material and electro-magnetic waves and can be measured not by modern electro-magnetic tester but biosensor such as finger's force tester. Because the $\pi$-rays can be modulated with electro-magnetic waves it can be applied for harmful electro-magnetic wave killers. Because the $\pi$-rays make new three dimensional crystallizing $\pi$-bonding orbitals in the material the food and drink can be transformed into a helpful physical constitutional property for human health. Distinction between crystalline and amorphous metals is possible because very strong crystalline $\pi$-bonding orbitals can not easily be transformed into another. The $\pi$-rays can also be applied for biofunctional diagnostics and therapy. Gravitational field is one of the electro-magnetic fields. And also magnetic field and gravitational force field make charge's movement. ($\times$ = q, : magnetic field, : force field, q: plus charge, : velocity field)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Reproductive activity in the economically important insect, Antheraea mylitta is very important because the female reproduces only once in her life time and the aging is very rapid and costly. It is a capital breeder and strictly a monoandrous species. To know how strategically the insect behaves and the male allocates its ejaculate resource more prudently during its successive mating with virgin females to maximize its own fitness and the fitness of the female with whom it mated, both being most important to sericulture industry. So, the present study was undertaken and the results revealed fresh and virgin females always prefer to mate with fresh virgin males (84%) and receives high dose of ejaculates leading to higher hatchability than to virgin males of one day old (13.7%) and one day old males with mating experience (2.3%). The ejaculation size (as referred to eupyrene sperm count in the ejaculation) declined significantly over successive mating (r = -0.9931, P < 0.001), so also the male body weight (r = -0.9560, P < 0.001). The quantity of ejaculate passed to female also dramatically declined during aging (r = -0.9982, P < 0.001). It was found that male weight contribute substantially to the quantum of ejaculate (r = -0.9519, P < 0.001), so also higher fecund females receive relatively more ejaculate than the lower group to reach higher reproductive fitness. The life time fecundity was found to be $334{\pm}31$.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.294-298
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• 2019

Pulsed laser-based optical sensor monitoring systems for real time microplastic particle counting are proposed and developed in this study. To develop our real time monitoring system, we used a 450 nm pulsed laser and a photomultiplier with very high quantum efficiency. First, we demonstrated that the microplastic particle counting system could detect standard micro bead samples of 100, 250, and $500{\mu}m$ in river water. We then performed research concerning pulsed laser-based optical spectral sensor systems for real time microplastic monitoring. Additionally, we demonstrated that the real time microplastic remote monitoring system using LoRa communications could detect microplastic in the tap water resource protection area.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.576-581
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• 2023

In this study aims to provide operational guidelines based on risk assessment and safety evaluation in the operation of non-traditional oil production plants, serving as alternative resources in comparison to conventional oils within the construction sector. Presently, operational facilities within these plants are active. However, integrating comprehensive management through sectional and device-specific diagnostic and evaluation systems in similar platform-based operational management systems proves to be a challenging reality. Consequently, this research introduces an evaluation methodology tailored for an operation-centric management system using an integrated management approach, and evaluates its practical applicability within the construction field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.476-487
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• 2001

In this study, three tree species (Populus euramericana, Kalopanax pictus and Quercus serrata) exhibiting different levels of shade tolerance were employed to investigate photosynthetic responses to the lower light condition on forest floors. Chlorophyll contents, spectral properties and photosynthetic characteristics were examined by using the tree species grown under high light intensity (PPFD $920{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$) or low light intensity (PPFD $80{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Plants grown under the low light intensity tended to have reduced leaf area, chlorophyll content per unit leaf area, light absorption and respiration in the shade intolerant tree species of P. euramericana. However, the shade tolerant species K. pictus and Q. serrata showed increased leaf area, chlorophyll content and net apparent quantum yield. Therefore, light absorption and light utilization efficiency were improved under the low light intensity. Also shade tolerant species maintained activities of photosystems and $CO_2$ fixation systems with little changes in low light intensity condition.