• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권2호통권159호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to investigate index numbers by conducting various comparisons among the widely used index formulas. The comparison is considered in three ways; 1) divergences in the magnitudes of index numbers due to the use of different formulas (Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher, and Tornqvist); 2) the effect of selection of base year (fixed-year base vs. chain-type); 3) the degree of approximation of indirect to direct quantity index. The empirical application is to sawmills and planing mills industry of U.S. using a national time series data covering years of 1948-2000. The results show that the differences between Laspeyres and Paasche index can be substantial in some cases while the difference between Fisher and Tornqvist index is minimal. We also confirm that the selection of base year can cause significant divergences, especially when the variables undergo rapid price or quantity changes over time. We find that indirect quantity index approximates direct quantity index reasonably well in U.S. sawmill industry.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 1992

This studies were carried out to investigate the effects of leaf loading quantity and circulating air volume during bulk curing on the variation of physical and chemical characteristics in flue-cured tobacco. The results are as follows : 1. The content of sugar in cured leaves was decreased with more circulating air volume and leaf loading quantity at bulk curing. 2. Total nitrogen and protein nitrogen were decreased with less circulating air volume and more leaf loading quantity, while amino nitrogen was increased. 3. The contents of linolenic acid and linoleic acid were increased with more leaf loading quantity and oxalic acid and citric acid had a tendency of being increased in case of high circulating air volume. 4. In general, major aromatic compounds were increased through flue-curing. Relatively high content of solanone in case of lower air volume and less leaf loading were observed, while megastig matrienone was increased when leaf loading was small. 5. The more circulation air volume with leaf loading quantity caused lowering equilibrium moisture content and higher shatter index, which resulted in poor quality of cured leaves based on quality index, nitrogen number, taste index phillips index, and sugar-nicotine ratio.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2005

Purpose : This study carried out to develop the questionnaires that can measure objectively menstrual quantity and determine quantity index. Method : First, we made questionnaires to measure menstrual quantity by six question. Then we investigated 1309 women's questionnaires who has the menses. Conclusion : 1. the questionnaires that can measure objectively menstrual quantity and determine quantity index was high a correlation coefficient therefore those were used Method of Menstrual Quantity(here after MMQ) calculation. Those were added and averaged. 2. We examined correlation of calculated MMQ and women's questionnaires who has the menses therefore we got 0.30~0.47 correlation. 3. MMQ 1~3(hypomenorrhea) was 39 persons 3.19%, MMQ 4~6(normal menorrhea) was 1050 persons 85.85% and MMQ 7~10(hypermenorrhea) was 134 persons 10.96%. MMQ 4 tended to be little and MMQ 6 tended to be much. 4. MMQ confidence was high as 82% comparatively so we thought MMQ was appropriate as the measured method of menstrual quantity.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

지수는 여러 산업분야에서 오랜시간 동안 경제지표 또는 성과지표로서 중요한 역할을 담당해 왔으며, 실적공사비 적산방식이 적용 확대됨에 따라 2004년 2월부터 시간에 대한 보정을 위하여 건설공사비지수를 사용하고 있다. 건설공사비지수를 산출하기 위한 구성요소는 지수산정식과 자료원으로 구분된다. 기존의 건설관련 공사비지수에서는 물가지수산정에 사용하는 라스파이레스(Laspyeres)지수를 산정식으로 적용하고 산업연관표, 공사비 내역서를 사용하여 가중치를 산정하였다. 그러나, 기존의 방법은 물가변동이 중복 적용되고 대상프로젝트의 특성을 효과적으로 반영하지 못하는 문제점이 발생된다. 본 연구에서는 라스파이레스지수를 비롯한 기존 지수 산정식들을 분석하고, 공동주택공사의 사례를 통하여 기존 지수산정식 및 자료원의 적정성을 분석한 후, 건설공사의 특성을 효율적으로 반영하고 물가변동을 반영할 수 있는 새로운 지수를 제안한다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.109-110
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• 2015

Estimation of rebar quantity may be used as an index to evaluate the economic feasibility of structural designs. However, when using the software to estimate the rebar quantity, there may be some limitations such as data loss caused by human errors and estimation delays caused by increased input time, since the information on arrangement of rebar is inserted manually. To solve the problems of such quantity estimation software, it is necessary to develop a method on automatic input/output of structural design information for quantity estimation and an algorithm for accurate estimation of rebar quantity. The purpose of this study is to improve the existing rebar quantity estimation by connecting with the database on information related to rebar estimation and the algorithm for rebar estimation, in order to develop an algorithm to estimate an accurate, net rebar quantity. The study result can be used as basic data for development of software for efficient structural designs and automatic framework estimation of buildings.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2011

건설 프로젝트에서 물량 산출은 공사비를 결정하는 중요한 요소로 정확성과 신뢰성이 요구된다. BIM 데이터로부터 물량정보의 추출은 물량산출을 매우 정확하고 신속하게 수행할 수 있다는 점에서 매우 매력적이다. 하지만, BIM을 어떻게 구축하였는가에 따라 그 물량산출 결과가 매우 상이하게 나타날 수 있다. 프로젝트가 진행됨에 설계정보가 점점 더 구체화되기 때문에 BIM 모델의 완성도와 물량산출의 정확도 또한 높아질 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 하지만, 단계별로 공사비를 예측할 때 현 단계에서의 BIM data를 기반으로 한 물량산출의 정확도가 얼마 정도인지 평가하거나 예측할 수 있는 방법이 없기 때문에 그 결과물을 신뢰하기 어렵고 기존방식의 견적에 다시 의존하게 되는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 BIM기반 물량산출에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출하고, 이를 기반으로 BIM기반 물량산출 결과물의 완성도를 정량적으로 측정하고 예측할 수 있는 방법과 체계를 제시하는 것에 초점을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 측정체계와 지수는 약 6개의 파일럿 프로젝트 적용을 통해 그 측정결과의 일관성과 타당성이 검증되었다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.777-783
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• 2024

Topoloical index is a numerical quantity which is correlates to properties of chemical compound . In this paper, we define operator graph namely, Edge ss-corona graph and we study structured properties of that graph. Also, establish the upper and lower bounds for First Zagreb index, Second Zagreb index, First Gourava index, SK₁ index, Forgotten topological index and EM₁ index of edge SS-corona graph.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1987

Benzenoid 탄화수소의 발암성은 분자의 위상학적 성질에 크게 의존하며, 특히 benzenoid탄화수소가 발암성을 가질려면 그 구조상에 "bay region"이라고 알려진 부분이 존재하여야 한다는 것이 널리 알려져 있다. 81가지 benzenoid 탄화수소에 대하여 발암성 "bay region"을 molecular connectivity index의 크기는 그들 화합물 중에 단일결합을 가지는 화합물을 제외하고는 아주 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2010

Various quality attributes were determined in muffins prepared using purple-colored sweet potato flour. Height of control muffins was 5.8 cm lease clarify. Height decreased with increasing quantity of sweet potato powder. Muffin volume was not appreciably affected. Moisture of control muffins was 21.84. The moisture value decreased with increasing quantity of sweet potato powder. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed thick cell wall and rough stoma in muffins prepared with purple-colored sweet potato powder. The amount of gluten decreased as the quantity of purple-colored sweet potato powder increased. Brightness L values significantly changed as the amount of powder increased, indicative of a progressively darker product. Red index a values decreased as the quantity of purple-colored sweet potato powder increased. Yellow index b values decreased significantly in the control group as powder quantity increased. Hardness increased with increasing addition of powder, but no significant difference was evident between 6% and 9% amended samples. There were also no significant differences in springing in samples containing 3% and 6% powder but 9% powder produced a significant difference. Cohesiveness did not differ in unamended samples and samples amended with 3% and 9% powder, however a significant difference was evident in samples prepared with 6% powder. Gumminess and chewiness increased as the quantity of purple-colored sweet potato powder increased. Color did not differ appreciably in sample prepared with 3% and 9% Sample prepared with 3% additives showed the highest What? Color score? Something else? Please clarify with 6.4. There was no significant difference of the flavor in samples prepared with 3% and 6% powder, or in taste among samples prepared 3%, 6%, and 9% powder. No significant differences in texture were evident in any sample Overall acceptability was highest (7.2) in samples prepared with 3% of purple-colored sweet potato.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1269-1276
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• 2015

수문모형 기반의 강우강도-지속시간-홍수량(IDQ) 곡선을 이용하여 홍수예보에 활용하는 기법을 소개하고 그 성능을 평가하였다. 이를 위하여 계측된 유역의 자료를 이용하여 집중형 모형의 검보정을 실시하고 하천의 특보 홍수량에 준하는 등가강우량을 산정하였다. 특보홍수량과 선행함수상태별 IDQ 곡선을 산정되면 발생 가능한 여러 시나리오에 대비할 수 있다. 시범대상유역은 강원도에 위치한 원주천 유역 ($94.4km^2$)이며 주의보 수위(계획홍수량의 50%)와 경보 수위(계획홍수량의 70%)에 해당하는 IDQ 곡선이 산정되었다. 과거 10년간의 자료로부터 선행함수 조건별 IDQ곡선의 홍수예보능력을 평가한 결과, 탐지확률은 0.704, 경보실패율은 0.136, 임계성공지수는 0.633으로 나타났으며, 단일 조건의 IDQ 곡선을 적용한 홍수예보능력에 비해 더 나은 평가지수를 얻을 수 있었다.