• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.963-970
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• 2012

We review novel chemical kinetics proposed for quantitative description of fluctuations in reaction times and in the number of product molecules in a heterogeneous biological system, and discuss quantitative interpretation of randomness parameter data in enzymatic turnover times of ${\beta}$-galactosidase. We discuss generalization of renewal theory for description of chemical fluctuation in product level in a multistep biopolymer reaction occurring in a dynamically heterogeneous environment. New stochastic simulation results are presented for the chemical fluctuation of a dynamically heterogeneous reaction system, which clearly show the effects of the initial state distribution on the chemical fluctuation. Our stochastic simulation results are found to be in good agreement with predictions of the analytic results obtained from the generalized master equation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.261-273
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• 2007

To analyze quantitative fluctuation in abundance and species composition in coastal waters of Dolsan, Yeosu, the fished were collected by gape net from March to November, 2000. The fish species caught by set net collected fishes were identified 63 species, 56 families, 42 orders, and the number of appearance and biomass was 2,230,297 individuals and 16,076.8kg. The most dominant orders were Perciformes, Clupeiformes and Tetraodontiformes which accounted for 71.4% of the total. The dominant species in number were Engraulis japonicus, Sardinops melanostictus, Trichiurus lepturus which accounted for 99.2% (2,211,642 individuals) of the total fishes collected. The dominant species in biomass were Engraulis japonicus which accounted for 79.7% (12,807g) of the total fishes collected. Temporal occurence of the dominant species such as the Engraulis japonicus, Sardinops melanostictus, Trichiurus japonicus, Ilisha elongata, Leiognathus nuchalis was closely correlated with water temperature, which is expressed as following regression equation, $y=0.0864x-0.2311(r^2＝0.3516)$. The species collected during the sampling yearly period were Engraulis japonicus, and migratory fish were Ilisha elongata, Trichiurus japonicus, Scomberomorus nipphnius, Scomber japonicus, Konosirus punctatus, Sphyraena pinguis, Pseudosciaena polyactis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 1993

Fluttering ghost which is the most severs picture impairment in mobile TV reception under multipath fading environments can be detected by measuring the dynamic variation of the synchronizing pulse timing. And also, the occurrence-stucture of fluttering ghost are directly correlated with the multipath parameters. This paper describes the quantitative evaluating method of the mobile TV pictures impaired by multipath parameters by means of the spectral analysis of synchronizing timing fluctuation. The ghost-flutter curve derived from the spatial amplitue spectrum of synchronizing pulse timing fluctuation express well the spatial variation characteristic, and it has been found to be the quantitative evaluating measure of picture impairment in mobile reception. A correspondence between the ghost-flutter curve (and/or index) and picture quality opinion test results is established.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

The resident's understanding of subway fire disaster broken out in Daegu city, February 2002, was analyzed using netizen's opinion on Internet Web Site. Based on the data of the resident's understanding, fluctuation curve for disaster prevention was modeled to assess quantitative consciousness. Our research will be useful to maintain continuous understanding for disaster protection.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.891-901
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• 2021

In this study, a hydrological cycle soundness evaluation method was developed using monthly meteorological observation data. The Gyeongan stream watershed was divided into five sub-basins and eight criteria were established for hydrological cycle evaluation: the number of non-rainfall day, the number of non-rainfall day fluctuation, over 30 mm per day, over 30 mm per day fluctuation, average river level, average river level fluctuation, average groundwater level and average groundwater level fluctuation. Observation data were normalized and weights for evaluation by each sub-basin were calculated using the entropy method. The hydrological cycle soundness evaluation indices were calculated using TOPSIS applying the calculated weight value. As a result of the study, it was found that the hydrological cycle soundness was unstable in the Gyeongan-upstream from November to January, the Gyeongan-suwipyo from February to April, Gonjiam stream from April to May, and the Gyeongan-downstream from November to February. In this study, the developed technique is expected to serve as a quantitative basis for policy decision to recover hydrological cycle soundness.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1721-1726
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• 2007

Comparative morphology among species of the genus Calostoma, including C. cinnabarina, C. ravenelii, and C. japonicum, was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Spore morphology of C. cinnabarina and C. ravenelii showed no dramatic differences by light microcopy and scanning electron microscopy. To differentiate these species, atomic force microscopy was employed. Quantitative analysis of the surface roughness of basidiospores revealed subtle differences in height fluctuation at the nanometer scale between the species of Calostoma. Basidiospores of C. cinnabarina had a relatively rougher surface than those of C. ravenelii at $2.0{\times}2.0\;{\mu}m^2$ scan areas.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2021

Due to the difficulty of grading visualized fingerprints with previously known evaluation methods for the comparison of split fingerprints, a preliminary study was performed with the densitometric image analysis (DIA) method as a potential quantitative and supplementary evaluation method. Each image of inked split fingerprints was divided into 4 zones for analysis. Weekly intra- and inter- analysis by two analysts with three whole fingerprints that were constructed by combining inked split fingerprints showed that the average area values and the ranges of difference fluctuation were not significantly different between strong fingerprints and strong-weak pairs, while they were different in weak fingerprints and weak-weak pairs. In the case of weak fingerprints, the exact acquisition of ridges was difficult and this seemed to influence the results. An additional study is needed for the improved reliability using DIA method with weak fingerprints such as 8 zones division rather than 4 zones. In addition, the analysis results performed by several analysts at different times should be used to improve the reliability of the analysis method further. Based on the above result, it can be judged that utilizing the DIA method as a secondary evaluation method of the existing scoring system would be effective with the additional studies especially on weak fingerprints.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

For the reliability evaluation of the track drive unit(TDU), firstly, we analyzed the major failure modes through FMEA(failure mode & effects analysis), FTA(failure tree analysis), and 2-stage QFD(quality function deployment), and then quantitatively determined the priority order of test items. The Minitab analysis was also performed for prediction of life distribution and parameters of TDU by use of field failure data collected from 430 excavators for two years. In addition, we converted the fluctuation load in field conditions into the equivalent load, and for evaluation of the accelerated lift by the cumulative fatigues, the equivalent load is again divided into the fluctuation load by reference of test time. And then, by use of the test method in this paper, the acceleration factor(AF) of needle bearing inside planetary gear which is the most weakly designed part of TDU is achieved as 5.3. This paper presents the quantitative selection method of test items for reliability evaluation, the determination method of the accelerated life test time, and the method of non-failure test time based on a few of samples. And, we proved the propriety of the proposed methods by experiments using a TDU for a 30 ton excavator.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

Fish, caught by bottom trawling in the middle of the Yellow sea (east of Korea), in the spring and summer of 2016 were assessed for species composition and fluctuation in their abundance. The fish were studied at four research stations (St.) and were found to be composed of 46 species, 31 families, and 14 orders. The dominant species caught were Engraulis japonicus, Larimichthys polyactis, Johnius grypotus, Liparis tanakae, and Larimicthys crocea. All the species were assessed for their numbers, richness, diversity, and dominance to gain a measure of the biodiversity. The highest number of individuals was recorded at St. 4 (50,053 individuals), while the lowest number of individuals was recorded at St. 1 (44,090 individuals). The evenness index was the highest at St. 2 (E = 0.65) and lowest at St. 3 (E = 0.62). The diversity index was the highest at St. 4 (H' = 2.31) and lowest at St. 3 (H' = 2.23). Furthermore, the dominance index was the highest at St. 3 (D = 54.9%) and lowest at St. 2 (D = 47.7%).

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1357-1368
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• 2017

The lack of controllability over the wind causes fluctuations in the output power of the wind generators (WGs) located at the wind farms. Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) equipped with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can significantly smooth these fluctuations by injecting or absorbing appropriate amount of active power, thus, controlling the power flow of WGs. But because of the component aging and thermal drift, its harmonic filter parameters vary, resulting in performance degradation. In this paper, Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) is used as a robust control scheme in order to deactivate the effects of filter parameters variations on the wind power generation power smoothing performance. The proposed robust control strategy of the DSTATCOM is successfully applied to a microgrid, including WGs. The simulation results obviously show that the proposed control technique can effectively smooth the fluctuations in the wind turbines' (WT) output power caused by wind speed variations; taking into account the filter parameters variations (structural parameter uncertainties).