• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2013

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most destructive viruses of rice, and greatly reduces rice production in China, Japan, and Korea, where mostly japonica cultivars of rice are grown. RSV is transmitted by the small brown plant-hopper (SBPH) in a persistent and circulative-propagative manner. Several methods have been developed for detection of RSV, which is composed of four single-stranded RNAs that encode seven proteins. Genome sequence data and comparative phylogenetic analysis have been used to identify the origin and diversity of RSV isolates. Several rice varieties resistant to RSV have been selected and QTL analysis and fine mapping have been intensively performed to map RSV resistance loci or genes. RSV genes have been used to generate several genetically modified transgenic rice plants with RSV resistance. Recently, genome-wide transcriptome analyses and deep sequencing have been used to identify mRNAs and small RNAs involved in RSV infection; several rice host factors that interact with RSV proteins have also been identified. In this article, we review the current statues of RSV research and propose integrated approaches for the study of interactions among RSV, rice, and the SBPH.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.704-711
• /
• 2020

Objective: Muscle fiber types, numbers and area are crucial aspects associated with meat production and quality. However, there are few studies of pig muscle fibre traits in terms of the detection power, false discovery rate and confidence interval precision of whole-genome quantitative trait loci (QTL). We had previously performed genome scanning for muscle fibre traits using 183 microsatellites and detected 8 significant QTLs in a White Duroc×Erhualian F₂ population. The confidence intervals of these QTLs ranged between 11 and 127 centimorgan (cM), which contained hundreds of genes and hampered the identification of QTLs. A whole-genome sequence imputation of the population was used for fine mapping in this study. Methods: A whole-genome sequences association study was performed in the F₂ population. Genotyping was performed for 1,020 individuals (19 F₀, 68 F₁, and 933 F₂). The whole-genome variants were imputed and 21,624,800 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and examined for associations to 11 longissimus dorsi muscle fiber traits. Results: A total of 3,201 significant SNPs comprising 7 novel QTLs showing associations with the relative area of fiber type I (I_RA), the fiber number per square centimeter (FN) and the total fiber number (TFN). Moreover, one QTL on pig chromosome 14 was found to affect both FN and TFN. Furthermore, four plausible candidate genes associated with FN (kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain containing [KNDC1]), TFN (KNDC1), and I_RA (solute carrier family 36 member 4, contactin associated protein like 5, and glutamate metabotropic receptor 8) were identified. Conclusion: An efficient and powerful imputation-based association approach was utilized to identify genes potentially associated with muscle fiber traits. These identified genes and SNPs could be explored to improve meat production and quality via marker-assisted selection in pigs.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 모로베레칸의 잎도열병 저항성유전자를 탐색하고, 이 저항성유전자와 연관된 분자표지를 탐색하기 위해 수행되었다. 도열병에 이병성인 일품벼와 도열병에 강한 모로베레칸을 교잡하여 육성된 140개 $BC_3F_3$ 계통을 도열병 균계 반응을 통한 저항성 유전자 탐색에 이용하였다. 1. 40개 도열병 균계를 이용하여 양친을 검정한 결과, 모로베레칸은 모든 균계에 대하여 저항성 반응을 보였고, 일품벼는 35개 균계에 이병성 반응을 보였다. 2. 90-089 등 9개 균계를 선발하여 140개 $BC_3F_3$ 계통에 대한 저항성반응을 조사하였다. 실험 결과 88-002, 93-038, 90-089 및 03-018에 대해서는 몇몇 계통을 제외한 대부분의 계통들이 감수성 쪽으로 다소 치우친 경향을 보였다. 90-002, 86-311, 86-228 및 03-018 균계에 대해서는 대부분의 계통들이 저항성 쪽으로 치우친 경향을 보였다. 3. QTL 분석 결과, 7개 균계에 대해서 총 17개의 QTL이 탐색되었는데, 모든 저항성 유전자좌에서 모로베레칸의 대립 유전자가 저항성을 증진시켰다. 특히 4번 염색체 RM3276-RM5709 부근에서 도열병 균계 R90-059, 88-002, 93-038 및 90-089에 대한 저항성 QTL이 군집되어 있었다. 4. 연계재배법을 이용하여 탐지된 내구저항성 유전자 Pi45(t) 유전자좌의 위치에 모로베레칸 단편이 이입된 계통과 일품을 교배하여 목표 유전자좌에서 분리하는 $F_2$ 집단을 육성하고 유전자형을 검정하였다. 목표 유전자좌를 포함하는 염색체 지역에서 재조환이 일어난 개체를 이용하여 내구저항성 검정에 이용된 3개 균계를 접종한 결과, Pi45(t) 유전자좌를 포함하는 계통은 2개의 도열병 균계에 대해 저항성을 보였다. 이 결과는 내구저항성 관련 유전자와 균계 특이적 저항성유전자가 밀접히 연관되어 있던지 혹은 저항성에 동일한 유전자가 관여함을 보여준다. 이들 유전자들의 관계를 밝히기 위해서는 관련 유전자의 분리를 통한 특성 규명이 필요하다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제112권1호
• /
• pp.40-56
• /
• 2023

사시나무속 수종은 생장이 빠르고 우수한 탄소흡수 능력을 보여주며, 환경정화 효과가 큰 수종으로 이상기후 및 환경오염 문제에 대응하는 기후적응성 품종개발 및 육종집단 조성에 적합하다. 따라서 유전연관지도 작성 및 양적형질 유전자좌 탐색을 통하여 포플러 육종을 신속하게 진행할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 차세대 염기서열 분석기술 방법인 genotyping-by-sequencing 기법을 이용해 인공교배 차대에 대한 고밀도 유전연관 지도를 작성하였다. 또한 사시나무의 수고와 근원경 생장 그리고 해충피해에 대한 회복력 형질을 조사하여 유전연관지도에 위치한 양적형질 유전자좌를 탐색하였다. 서울대학교 학술림에 조성된 사시나무 4년생 육종집단(오대19 × 봉현4 인공교배 차대집단)에서 수고 및 근원경 생장을 조사하였으며, 식엽성 해충인 꼬마버들재주나방 유충의 피해를 받은 후 이에 대해 회복 능력을 조사하였다. 잎 시료의 DNA 추출 후 5개 microsatellite 마커를 이용하여 유전자형을 확인하였으며 친자로 확인된 개체만을 연구재료로 사용하였다. 친자 확인이 완료된 시료의 DNA는 제한효소를 이용해 절단하였으며, 이렇게 얻은 DNA 조각들은 GBS 라이브러리로 제작하여 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분석된 결과는 Populus trichocarpa를 참조유전체로 하여 정렬하였다. 정렬된 SNP 마커는 총 58,040개였으며, 그 가운데 17,755개의 SNP 마커를 유전연관지도 작성에 사용하였다. 유전연관지도는 19개의 연관군으로 나누어졌으며, 전체 길이는 2,129.54 cM으로 나타났다. 조사된 세 가지 형질에 대한 양적형질 유전자좌 분석을 실시한 결과, 수고와 근원경 생장과 연관된 양적형질 유전자좌는 찾을 수 없었으나 전장유전체연관연구(GWAS)를 통하여 4번 연관군(염색체)에 해충피해 회복력과 관련이 있을 것으로 추정되는 유전자를 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.21-21
• /
• 2017

Severe lodging has recurrently occurred at strong typhoon's hitting in recent climate change. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their responsible genes associated with a strong culm and their pyramiding are important for developing high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance. To identify QTLs for lodging resistance, the tropical japonica line, Chugoku 117 and the improved indica variety, Habataki were selected as the donor parent, as these had thick and strong culms compared with the temperate japonica varieties in Japan such as Koshihikari. By using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in which chromosome segments from the japonica variety were replaced to them from Habataki, we identified the QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 1 and 6, which were designated as STRONG CULM1 (SCM1) and STRONG CULM2 (SCM2), respectively. By using recombinant inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between Chugoku 117 and Koshihikari and introgression lines, we also identified the other QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 3 and 2, which were designated as STRONG CULM3 (SCM3) and STRONG CULM4 (SCM4), respectively. Candidate region of SCM1 includes Gn1 related to grain number. SCM2 was identical to APO1, a gene related to the control of panicle branch number, and SCM3 was identical to FC1, a strigolactone signaling associated gene, by performing fine mapping and positional cloning of these genes. To evaluate the effects of SCM1~SCM4 on lodging resistance, the Koshihiakri near isogenic line (NIL) with the introgressed SCM1 or SCM2 locus of Habataki (NIL-SCM1, NIL-SCM2) and the another Koshihikari NIL with the introgeressed SCM3 or SCM4 locus of Chugoku 117 (NIL-SCM3, NIL-SCM4) were developed. Then, we developed the pyramiding lines with double or triple combinations derived from step-by-step crosses among NIL-SCM1 NIL-SCM4. Triple pyramiding lines (NIL-SCM1+2+3, ~ NIL-SCM1+3+4) showed the largest culm diameter and the highest culm strength among the combinations and increased spikelet number due to the pleiotropic effects of these genes. Pyramiding of strong culm genes resulted in much increased culm thickness, culm strength and spikelet number due to their additive effect. SCM1 mainly contributed to enhance their pyramiding effect. These results in this study suggest the importance of identifying the combinations of superior alleles of strong culm genes among natural variation and pyramiding these genes for improving high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.772-779
• /
• 2013

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plays an important role in genomic selection and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL). In this study, the pattern of LD and effective population size ($N_e$) were investigated in Chinese beef Simmental cattle. A total of 640 bulls were genotyped with IlluminaBovinSNP50BeadChip and IlluminaBovinHDBeadChip. We estimated LD for each autosomal chromosome at the distance between two random SNPs of <0 to 25 kb, 25 to 50 kb, 50 to 100 kb, 100 to 500 kb, 0.5 to 1 Mb, 1 to 5 Mb and 5 to 10 Mb. The mean values of $r^2$ were 0.30, 0.16 and 0.08, when the separation between SNPs ranged from 0 to 25 kb to 50 to 100 kb and then to 0.5 to 1 Mb, respectively. The LD estimates decreased as the distance increased in SNP pairs, and increased with the increase of minor allelic frequency (MAF) and with the decrease of sample sizes. Estimates of effective population size for Chinese beef Simmental cattle decreased in the past generations and $N_e$ was 73 at five generations ago.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.1565-1574
• /
• 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify genetic variants based on RNA-seq data, obtained via transcriptome sequencing of muscle tissue of pigs differing in muscle histological structure, and to verify the variants' effect on histological microstructure and production traits in a larger pig population. Methods: RNA-seq data was used to identify the panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly related with percentage and diameter of each fiber type (I, IIA, IIB). Detected polymorphisms were mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regions. Next, the association study was performed on 944 animals representing five breeds (Landrace, Large White, Pietrain, Duroc, and native Puławska breed) in order to evaluate the relationship of selected SNPs and histological characteristics, meat quality and carcasses traits. Results: Mapping of detected genetic variants to QTL regions showed that chromosome 14 was the most overrepresented with the identification of four QTLs related to percentage of fiber types I and IIA. The association study performed on a 293 longissimus muscle samples confirmed a significant positive effect of transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 2 (TACC2) polymorphisms on fiber diameter, while SNP within forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) locus was associated with decrease of diameter of fiber types IIA and IIB. Moreover, subsequent general linear model analysis showed significant relationship of FOXO1, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1 (DEGS1), and troponin T2 (TNNT2) genes with loin 'eye' area, FOXO1 with loin weight, as well as FOXO1 and TACC2 with lean meat percentage. Furthermore, the intramuscular fat content was positively associated (p<0.01) with occurrence of polymorphisms within DEGS1, TNNT2 genes and negatively with occurrence of TACC2 polymorphism. Conclusion: This study's results indicate that the SNP calling analysis based on RNA-seq data can be used to search candidate genes and establish the genetic basis of phenotypic traits. The presented results can be used for future studies evaluating the use of selected SNPs as genetic markers related to muscle histological profile and production traits in pig breeding.