• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2016

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is involved in a variety of functions, including lipoprotein metabolism and angiogenesis. To reveal the role of ANGPTL4 in fat metabolism of sheep, ovine ANGPTL4 mRNA expression was analyzed in seven adipose tissues from two breeds with distinct tail types. Forty-eight animals with the gender ratio of 1:1 for both Guangling Large Tailed (GLT) and Small Tailed Han (STH) sheep were slaughtered at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months of age, respectively. Adipose tissues were collected from greater and lesser omental, subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, perirenal, mesenteric, and tail fats. Ontogenetic mRNA expression of ANGPTL4 in these adipose tissues from GTL and STH was studied by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that ANGPTL4 mRNA expressed in all adipose tissues studied with the highest in subcutaneous and the lowest in mesenteric fat depots. Months of age, tissue and breed are the main factors that significantly influence the mRNA expression. These results provide new insights into ovine ANGPTL4 gene expression and clues for its function mechanism.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2013

Intercellular interactions are important for the proper development and regulation of tissue function. This is especially necessary in the epididymis, a part of male reproductive tract where sperm become mature and acquire their fertilizing capacity. The caput region of the epididymis consists of several types of cells, including principal, basal, and apical cells. Direct intercellular communication is thus required to precisely regulate the functions of the caput epididymis. In this regard, connexin (Cx) is a molecule that forms channels, which allow the direct exchange of small molecules between cells, enabling intercellular communication. In this study, the expression of Cx isoforms in the caput epididymis at different postnatal ages was determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Nine of 13 Cx isoforms were detected. The transcript levels of Cx30.3, 31, 31.1, 32, and 40 were highest at 45 days of age, while the expression of Cx43 and 45 gradually decreased with age. A substantial fluctuation of Cx26 expression was detected, with significant decreases before and during puberty, followed by a transient increase at adult-hood and rapid decreases at an old age. A significant increase in Cx37 transcript was observed at 25 days of age, followed by gradual decreases at adult and old ages. These results indicate the significant differential expression of various Cx isoforms in the caput epididymis during postnatal development. It further suggests that the functional regulation and developmental maturation of the caput epididymis are highly related to the postnatal age-related differential expression of Cx isoforms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4499-4505
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• 2014

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma, appears to be resistant to various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, approaches have been intensively investigated to targeti specific molecular pathways involved in glioblastoma development and progression. Aloe emodin is believed to modulate the expression of several genes in cancer cells. We aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Aloe emodin on gene expression profiles in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line utilizing microarray technology. The gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 8,226 gene alterations out of 28,869 genes were detected after treatment with $58.6{\mu}g/ml$ for 24 hours. Out of this total, 34 genes demonstrated statistically significant change (p<0.05) ranging from 1.07 to 1.87 fold. The results revealed that 22 genes were up-regulated and 12 genes were down-regulated in response to Aloe emodin treatment. These genes were then grouped into several clusters based on their biological functions, revealing induction of expression of genes involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and tissue remodelling in U87 cells (p<0.01). Several genes with significant changes of the expression level e.g. SHARPIN, BCAP31, FIS1, RAC1 and TGM2 from the apoptotic cluster were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results could serve as guidance for further studies in order to discover molecular targets for the cancer therapy based on Aloe emodin treatment.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.701-711
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• 2017

This research aimed to understand selfie behavior in social networking sites (SNSs). The research was conducted on the basis of the functional theories of attitude, verified self-presentation attitude, and self-expression attitude that affect selfie behaviors (i.e., taking selfies, posting selfies, and taking selfies for fashion product exposure). The moderating effect of satisfaction toward one's appearance was identified. The participants of the study were SNS users aged 20-30 years who had posted selfies in the past month. A survey was performed using an online panel of an international survey firm. The data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis on SPSS 22.0. Results corroborated that self-expression attitude affected the number of selfies taken but not the number of selfies posted and those uploaded for fashion product exposure. Self-presentation attitude exerted a significant effect on the number of selfies posted and those uploaded for fashion product exposure. When satisfaction toward one's appearance was high, self-presentation attitude increased the influence of the behaviors of posting selfies and uploading selfies for fashion product exposure. Self-expression attitude also significantly influenced the number of selfies taken due to the moderating effect of satisfaction toward one's appearance. This research was made meaningful by its quantitative analysis of selfie behavior in SNSs. The results confirmed the different functions of attitudes affecting selfie behavior. With the improved understanding of selfie behavior obtained from this research, Social Media marketing may be carried out in various industrial fields in the future.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.421-434
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• 2018

Decision-makers have different and sometimes conflicting goals with utilities in operating dam reservoirs. As repeated interactions exist between decision-makers in the long-term, and the utility of each decision-making organization is affected not only by its selected strategy, but also by other rivals' strategies; selecting and prioritizing optimum strategies from a decision maker's point of view are of great importance while interacting with others. In this paper, a model based on a fuzzy set theory, for determining the priority of decision-makers' strategies in optimal qualitative-quantitative operation management of dam reservoir is presented. The fuzzy priority matrix is developed via defining membership functions of a fuzzy set for each decision maker's strategies, so that all uncertainties are taken into account. This matrix includes priorities assigned to possible combination for other decision makers' strategies in bargaining with each player's viewpoint. Here, the 15-Khordad Dam located in the central part of Iran, suffering from low water quality, was studied in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Then, the range of quality of water withdrawal agreed by all decision-makers was determined using the prioritization matrix based on fuzzy logic. The results showed that the model proposed in the study had high effectiveness model.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.849-860
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• 2003

도시민들은 생활의 편리성ㆍ쾌적성ㆍ안전성을 극대화하면서 도시 기반 시설과 공공 편익 시설을 이용할 수 있어야 한다. 그러나 지금까지 도시내 오픈스페이스인 도시 공원 시설을 조성함에 있어서 적정성, 효용성, 접근성, 공정성, 이용성향의 수용 등과 같은 질적 기준이 아닌 인구 1인당 면적기준과 같은 양적 기준이 적용되어 도시 근린 공원의 경우 실제적인 시민의 효율적 이용이나 도시내에서 접근이 용이하지 않은 실정이다. 또한 유치 거리를 적용시킨 법적 기준에 의해 이용자에 대한 고려나 지리적인 특수한 상황을 무시한 일률적인 적용이 이루어지고 있으며. 더욱이 이러한 규정에도 미치지 못하는 근린 공원이 조성되어서 공원배분은 질적인 기준들에 지극히 맞지 않는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 GIS의 공간분석 기능 등을 활용하여 사례지역 도시 근린 공원의 공간적인 형평성, 분포균형 등의 분포특성을 분석하고, 공원입지 필요지역을 선별한다. 이렇게 선별된 지역에 대하여 객관적인 평가기준과 AHP 의사결정 방법을 이용하여 공원입지 가능지역을 분석하고자 한다.

• 감성과학
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• 제9권spc3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

본 연구는 스마트웨어의 사용자 수용 요인에 관한 연구로서 기존의 이론적인 연구과정에 대한 고찰과 이를 신기술인 스마트웨어에 적용하고자 하는 근거를 제시하였다. 신제품에 대한 소비자 수용 및 저항에 대한 연구를 중심으로 혁신의 특성, 소비자의 지각된 위험, 기존의 소비자의 수용 모형 등을 살펴보고 잠재적으로 예견된 스마트웨어 수용모델에 대해 살펴보았다. 이러한 응용으로 시나리오를 기반으로한 스마트웨어의 수용요인을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 시나리오를 기반으로 사용자들의 니즈를 파악하고 그러한 니즈로부터 각 디바이스의 기능을 적용할 수 있는 SNFD 분석을 사용하였다. 사용자를 대상으로 FGI를 실시한 결과로부터 사용자니즈를 파악하고 기능 범주화를 하였으며 정서 및 태도를 도출하였다. 시나리오에서 제시된 기능에 대한 필요도와 각 시나리오의 정서적 느낌에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. 사용자는 건강과 운동에 대해 관심이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 사람들은 스마트웨어의 건강 지원 기능을 가장 필요로 하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2017

Direct communication between neighboring cells through connexin (Cx)-based gap junction is a crucial biological manner to regulate functions of a tissue consisting of multi-cell types. The present research evaluated expressional changes of Cx isoforms in the caput epididymis of adult rat exposed to estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide (Flu) at the early postnatal age. A single subcutaneous administration of EB at a low-dose [$0.015{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW)] or a high-dose ($1.5{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) or Flu at a low-dose ($500{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) or a high-dose (5 mg/kg BW) was performed to an animal at 1 week of age. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was employed to determine expressional changes of Cx isoforms. The transcript levels of Cxs30.3 and 37 were decreased by a low-dose EB treatment, while decreases of Cxs31, 31.1, 32, 40, and 45 transcript levels were observed with a low-dose EB treatment. The treatment of a high-dose EB resulted in expressional reduction of Cxs30.3, 31, 31.1, 37, 40, 43, and 45. The Flu treatment at a low dose caused increases of Cxs26, 37, and 40 transcript levels but decreases of Cxs31.1, 43, and 45 transcript levels. Increases of Cxs30.3, 31, 37, and 40 mRNA amounts were induced by a high-dose Flu treatment. However, exposure to a high-dose Flu produced expressional decreases of Cxs31.1, 32, and 43 in the adult caput epididymis. These observations suggest that exposure to EB or Flu at the neonatal period could lead to aberrant expression of Cx isoforms in the adult caput epididymis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

Although the arthritis symptoms observed in the K/BxN model have been shown to be dependent on the functions of T and B cells specific to the self antigen glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, less is known about the in vivo roles of $CD4^{+}CD25^{+}$ regulatory T($T_{reg}$) cells in the pathology of K/BxN mice. We determined the quantitative and functional characteristics of the $T_{reg}$ cells in K/BxN mice. These mice contained a higher percentage of $Foxp3^+\;T_{reg}$ cells among the $CD4^+$ T cells than their BxN littermates. These $T_{reg}$ cells were anergic and efficiently suppressed the proliferation of $na\ddot{i}ve$ $CD4^+$ T cells and cytokine production by effector $CD4^+$ T cells in vitro. Antibody-mediated depletion of $CD25^+$ cells caused K/BxN mice to develop multi-organ inflammation and autoantibody production, while the symptoms of arthritis were not affected. These results demonstrate that despite the inability of the $T_{reg}$ cells to suppress arthritis development, they play a critical role protecting the arthritic mice from systemic expansion of autoimmunity.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1997

Metallothionein은 세균에서 척추동물에 이르기 까지 모든 생명체에 존재하며, 중금속의 세포내농도를 조절하는 중요한 단백질이다. 현재까지 metallothionein의 기능 및 유도기작에 관한 연구는 많이 진척되지는 않았으나, 여러 metallothionein 유전자의 구조가 밝혀져 있는 실정이다. 특히 어류의 metallothionein은 여러종류의 중금속과 환경적인 자극에 의하여 유도되고 정량적인 RT-PCR의 방법으로 metallothionein 유전자의 RNA transcript를 측정함으로써 환경적인 자극의 정도와 중금 속의 상대적인 양을 측정할 수 있기 때문에 중요한 단백질로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유전자내부의 특이적 primer와 통상적인 3`말단의 primer를 이용하여 PCR에 의해 450 bp에 해당하는 metallothionein 유전자의 일부의 특성을 조사하였다. 챠넬메기의 cDNA library로부터 PCR에 의해 증폭된 450 bp의 PCR 절편은 다른 어류의 metallothionein 유전자와는 유사성을 보이지 않았다.