• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters of crossbreds between Korean native boars and Landrace sows and their relationships with meat qualities. The data used were weight-age data and carcass data from 131 males and 122 females raised at N.L.R.I in Korea. Growth curve parameters were estimated from nonlinear regression using Gompertz model individually. Average mature weight(A), average maturing rate(k), and average inflection point(u) showing maximum growth rate estimated were 179.54${\pm}$6.06kg, 0.3154${\pm}$0.0059, and 5.50${\pm}$0.11 months in females, and 179.84${\pm}$6.33kg, 0.3049${\pm}$0.0061, and 5.24${\pm}$0.13 months in males, respectively. For the growth curve parameters and derived statistics, the phenotypic correlations of maturing rate with gain rate at inflection, mature weight, and inflection point were - .30, - .77, and - .93 in male, and - .31, - .78 and - .94 in female, respectively. Matrure weight was positively correlated to the inflection point as + .89 in both male and female, indicating that late maturing pigs with lower k had longer maturing period with increasing gain rate and reached point of inflection later than early maturing pigs with higher k, and grew to larger mature weight. Backfat thickness and erode fat contents were correlated with mature weight positively in male and negatively in female, and correlated with gain rate at inflection point positively in both male and female, of which coefficients were as high as .42 and .50 in male, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships of muscle fiber characteristics to dietary energy density [3.0(Low-E) vs. 3.2 (Med-E) Mcal DE/kg)] and slaughter weight [SW; 110, 125, and 138 kg] in finishing pigs (gilt vs. barrow) using a $2{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial treatment design. Forty-one longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) samples were analyzed histochemically, with growth performance and physicochemical data for the 41 animals and their LM out of 192 animals and 72 LM used in a previous study retrospectively included. The ADG was less (P<0.01) in the Low-E than in the Med-E group (0.93 vs. 0.73 kg) whereas lightness ($L^*$) and redness ($a^*$) of LM were greater in the Low-E group SW did not influence these variables. The diameter and perimeter of the type I (slow-oxidative), type IIA (fast oxido-glycolytic) and type IIB (fast glycolytic) fibers increased with increasing SW whereas densities of the fibers decreased. However, the number and area percentages of the fiber types were not influenced by SW or dietary energy density. The percentage and per-$mm^2$ density of type IIB fibers were negatively correlated with SW (r = -0.33 and -0.57, with P<0.05 and <0.01, respectively), whereas type I fiber number percentage was positively correlated with SW (r = 0.31; P<0.05). Marbling score was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with type I (r = -0.36) and type IIB (r = -0.39) fiber densities. The $a^*$ was correlated (P<0.01) with both type I and type IIB fiber number percentages in the opposite way (r = 0.42 and -0.47, respectively). However, $L^*$ (lightness), drip loss and $pH_{24h}$ were not correlated with the fiber number percentage or density of any fiber type. Collectively, results indicate that muscle fibers grow by hypertrophy during the late finishing period, but that fiber characteristics other than the size are not significantly influenced by dietary energy density or SW.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2009

This study examined the influence of forage source (grass hay and rice straw) and shipping time (24, 26, 28 and 30 months) on feed conversion ratio, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Sixty four Hanwoo steers at 6 months age were fed either grass hay (n=32) or rice straw (n=32) for 24, 26, 28 and 30 months of age. Steers fed on mixed grass hay gained significantly higher body weight at 24, 26, 28 and 30 months compared with those fed on rice straw. Feed efficiency was slightly better in steers fed mixed grass hay compared to those fed rice straw. Back fat thickness and marbling score were increased with the age of steers (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits (meat color, fat color, texture and maturity) were not affected by forage source and shipping time. Shear force, cooking loss and water holding capacity of beef were reduced with advancing age of steers (p<0.05). Moisture content was lower and fat content was higher in beef produced from steers fed mixed grass hay than those fed rice straw (p<0.05). Beef juiciness was reduced with the advancing shipping time of steers. In conclusion, it would be beneficial to feed hay compared with rice straw during whole period of Hanwoo steer to produce high quality beef.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.592-597
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• 2020

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain an average of 40% protein on a dry weight basis, but they also contain antinutritional elements such as lectin, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), and 7S α'- subunit protein. The objective of this research was to develop a new soybean genotype with triple recessive alleles for these elements. Three parents (Gaechuck#2, PI506876, and Le-16) were used to develop the genetic population, and the presence of lectin and KTI protein was detected using Western blot while 7S α' subunit protein was detected using SDS-PAGE. One F₃ plant strain with proper agronomical traits such as type, height, seed quality, and 100-seed weight was selected. The genotype of the developed strain is titilelecgy1cgy1, that is KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit protein free. The new strain has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, and light yellow pods at maturity. The seed has a buffer hilum and is yellow in color. The new strain's height was 58 cm compared to the Daewonkong cultivar at 46 cm, and its 100-seed weight was 27.1 g, smaller than the Daewonkong at 29.0 g. This is the first new soybean strain with the titilelecgy1cgy1 genotype, and it can be used to improve yellow soybean cultivars of high quality and function.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.579-588
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• 2007

The effects of packaging methods on the quality of beef and pork jerky samples prepared Korean- style were investigated in terms of their pH, water activities ($A_w$), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, total bacterial counts, and sensory evaluations during storage at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. The jerky was subjected to plastic packaging and vacuum packaging conditions at $25^{\circ}C$ Levels of pH slightly decreased during storage (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the packaging methods. (p>0.05) Also, water activity decreased as storage time passed (p<0.05), and vacuum packaging resulted in a higher water activity value than plastic packaging. The hardness value of the jerky in plastic packaging was higher than that in vacuum packaging (p<0.05). In addition, hardness and TBA increased over the storage periods (p<0.05). The total bacterial counts in of the vacuum packaged jerky were lower than those of the plastic packaged jerky. The vacuum packaging treatments had higher scores than the plastic packaging treatments for all sensory traits. Based on our findings, we conclude that vacuum packaging is a more effective storage method than plastic packaging for jerky.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.339-363
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• 2012

This study examines the effects of adolescents' volunteer activities on their development of sense of community. When examining the effects of volunteer activities, both quantity and quality sides of volunteer activities were considered in the research model and besides the direct effects of volunteer activities on their sense of community, the mediating role of self-esteem and peer attachment were also examined. The data set of conducted by National Youth Policy Institute was reanalyzed for this study. The subjects of this study were 1,426 first-grade middle school students who had experiences of volunteer activities. The results of the study are as follows. First, the total hours of volunteer activities and the satisfaction with volunteer activities were positively related to their sense of community respectively. In an integrative model which combines both quantity and quality aspects of volunteer activities, however, only the satisfaction with volunteer activities was found to be significant. This means that the satisfaction with and reflective learning after volunteer activities are more important sides of adolescents' volunteer activities than whether and how many times they had experiences in volunteer activities. Second, the satisfaction with volunteer activities was found to enhance adolescents' self-esteem and peer attachment and the changes in their personal traits again led to a higher sense of community. Therefore, both the direct effects of volunteer activities and indirect effects through self-esteem and peer attachment were proved. Based on the results of the study, the need and ways to improve the management system of adolescents' volunteer activities were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2017

'Hwaweon 7' was developed from a cross between the African upland cultivar, 'Moroberekan' and 'Ilpumbyeo' based on marker-aided backcross selection. The recurrent parent, Ilpumbyeo is a high grain quality cultivar with medium to late maturity. Hwaweon 7 is nearly isogenic to Ilpumbyeo except a small Moroberekan introgressed segment on chromosome 6 harboring genes related with spikelets per panicle and internode diameter. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University and Chungcheongnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension (CARES), Yesan in 2010 and 2011. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2012 and 2013. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as "Hwaweon7". This cultivar averaged 80cm in culm length and has a medium growth duration. Milled rice of "Hwaweon7" is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The average yield potential of Hwaweon 7 in grain was about 6.48 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level for two years about 5.1% higher than that of Ilpumbyeo due to increase in spikelets per panicle. This variety is tolerant to lodging and the tolerance is due to the APO1 gene controlling the base internode diameter on chromosome 6 introgressed from the donor parent, Moroberekan. The Apo1 gene would be useful in enhancing resistance to lodging in rice breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2017

'Hwaweon 6' was developed from a cross between 'Hwaseongbyeo' and a wild species, Oryza minuta L. (Acc. No. 101154) based on marker-assisted selection and backcrossing. The recurrent parent 'Hwaseongbyeo' is a high grain quality cultivar with medium maturity. Hwaweon 6 is nearly isogenic to Hwaseongbyeo except a small O. minuta introgressed segment on chromosome 7 harboring genes related with spikelets per panicle. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University and Chungcheongnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension (CARES), Yesan in 2009 and 2010. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2011 and 2012. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as Hwaweon 6. This cultivar averaged 80cm in culm length and has a medium growth duration. Milled rice of Hwaweon 6 is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The average yield potential of Hwaweon 6 in grain was about 6.57 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level for two years about 3.0% higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo due to an introgression of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for spikelets per panicle (qSPP7) from O. minuta. This variety is comparable to Hwaseongbyeo in low temperature germinability and cold tolerance. The qSPP7 QTL would be useful in enhancing yield potential in rice breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.620-624
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• 2011

'Hwaweon 4' was developed from a cross between the African upland cultivar, 'Moroberekan' and 'Ilpumbyeo' based on marker-aided backcross selection. The recurrent parent 'Ilpumbyeo' is a high grain quality cultivar with medium to late maturity. 'Hwaweon 4' is nearly isogenic to 'Ilpumbyeo' except a small Moroberekan introgressed segment on chromosome 4 harboring the resistance gene for blast. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University in 2006 and 2007. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) from 2008 to 2009. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as 'Hwaweon 4'. This cultivar averaged 76 cm in culm length and has medium growth duration. Milled rice of 'Hwaweon 4' is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. It has low protein content. The yield potential of 'Hwaweon 4' in grain was about 6.31 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level for two years. This variety showed highly resistance reaction at the blast nursery test at four locations and also at the sequential planting method. This resistance is due to the resistance gene designated as Pi45(t) on chromosome 4 introgressed from the donor parent, 'Moroberekan'. The Pi45(t) gene would be useful inenhancing resistance to blast in rice breeding program.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.192-203
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• 2019

A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) ${\times}$ 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.