• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary levels of tapioca residue on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Twenty-eight steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T0 (0% tapioca residue), T6.7 (6.7% tapioca residue), T9 (9% tapioca residue), and T12 (12% tapioca residue). Results: Supplementation with tapioca residue had no effect on overall growth performance. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Dietary levels of tapioca residue did not affect carcass yield or the quality traits of Hanwoo steers. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the longissimus muscle of Hanwoo steers were higher in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were lower in T6.7 than in other treatments (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with tapioca residue does not exert any negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition in Hanwoo steers. However, as the dietary level of tapioca residue increased, the intake of concentrate intake decreased, and tapioca supplementation greater than 6.7% did not substantially improved the marbling score.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2021

Reproduction and molt are costly processes in avian life histories. These two fitness-related traits are expected to be under one of physiological trade-offs. Age-related molt is known to be higher in young birds than that in adults presumably due to the cost of reproduction in adults. The present study partially replicated a previous study using a non-invasive method of seasonal wing feather loss instead of capture-inspection for molting progress in oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana). We first examined characteristics of the known six wing feather types (i.e., primaries [P], primary coverts [PC], secondaries [S], secondary coverts [SC], and tertials [T]) from two specimens with four wings. Results were utilized as references for further investigation. We then collected a total of 3,807 wing feathers shedded by 61 captive storks for one year and classified them into six wing feather types based on the reference with structures of vane (i.e., how asymmetrical) and calamus (i.e., how rigidly attached to skin) of wing feathers. Our results indicated that annual losses of all six-type wing feathers decreased with increasing ages, ranging from 29% to 58% for PC, alula, SC, P, S, and T in order. Our results were also comparable to those of a former study, suggesting that the pattern of age-specific molt might be associated with the cost of reproduction in adults. However, juveniles might shed more wing feathers with low quality formed during the previous development stage than older birds.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2021

Background: Panax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants and is usually harvested after 5 to 6 years of cultivation in Korea. Heavy metal (HM) exposure is a type of abiotic stress that can induce oxidative stress and decrease the quality of the ginseng crop. Siderophore-producing rhizobacteria (SPR) may be capable of bioremediating HM contamination. Methods: Several isolates from ginseng rhizosphere were evaluated by in vitro screening of their plant growth-promoting traits and HM resistance. Subsequently, in planta (pot tests) and in vitro (medium tests) were designed to investigate the SPR ability to reduce oxidative stress and enhance HM resistance in P. ginseng inoculated with the SPR candidate. Results: In vitro tests revealed that the siderophore-producing Mesorhizobium panacihumi DCY119^T had higher HM resistance than the other tested isolates and was selected as the SPR candidate. In the planta experiments, 2-year-old ginseng seedlings exposed to 25 mL (500 mM) Fe solution had lower biomass and higher reactive oxygen species level than control seedlings. In contrast, seedlings treated with 10⁸ CFU/mL DCY119^T for 10 minutes had higher biomass and higher levels of antioxidant genes and nonenzymatic antioxidant chemicals than untreated seedlings. When Fe concentration in the medium was increased, DCY119^T can produce siderophores and scavenge reactive oxygen species to reduce Fe toxicity in addition to providing indole-3-acetic acid to promote seedling growth, thereby conferring inoculated ginseng with HM resistance. Conclusions: It was confirmed that SPR DCY119^T can potentially be used for bioremediation of HM contamination.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

As the global demand for the carrageenophyte Kappaphycus is steadily increasing, its overall productivity, carrageenan quality, and disease resistance are gradually declining. In the face of this dilemma, wild Kappaphycus populations are viewed as sources of new cultivars that could potentially enhance production; therefore, assessment of their diversity is crucial. This study highlights the morphological and genetic diversity of wild Kappaphycus species obtained from two sites in the Philippines. Nucleotide alignments of available 5' region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P) and cox2-3 spacer sequences of Kappaphycus confirmed the presence of K. alvarezii in Guiuan, Eastern Samar and K. striatus in Bolinao, Pangasinan. Based on the concatenated sequences of the COI-5P and the cox2-3 spacer, nine novel haplotypes were observed along with other published haplotypes. However, there was no relationship between haplotype and morphology. These newly recognized haplotypes indicate a reservoir of unutilized wild genotypes in the Philippines, which could be taken advantage of in developing new cultivars with superior traits. DNA barcodes generated from this study effectively expand the existing databank of Kappaphycus sequences and can provide insights in elucidating the genetic diversity of Kappaphycus species in the country.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1101-1119
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, metabolomic, and sensory qualities of Chikso and Hanwoo beef during 28 days of wet aging. Methods: Rump and loins from Hanwoo and Chikso were obtained and wet-aged for 28 days at 4℃. The samples were collected at 7-day interval (n = 3 for each period). Physicochemical qualities including pH, meat color, shear force value, and myofibrillar fragmentation index, metabolomic profiles, and sensory attributes (volatile organic compounds and relative taste intensities) were measured. Results: Chikso showed a significantly higher shear force value than Hanwoo on day 0; however, no differences between breeds were found after day 14, regardless of the cuts. Overall, Chikso had more abundant metabolites than Hanwoo, especially L-carnitine and tyrosine. Among the volatiles, the ketone ratio was higher in the Chikso rump than the Hanwoo rump; however, Chikso had fewer alcohols and aldehydes than Hanwoo. Chikso rump showed higher taste intensities than the Hanwoo rump on day 0, and sourness decreased in Chikso, but increased in the Hanwoo rump on day 14. Wet aging for 14 days intensified the taste of Chikso loin but reduced the umami intensity of Hanwoo loin. Conclusion: Chikso had different metabolomic and sensory characteristics compared to Hanwoo cattle, and 14 days of wet aging could improve its tenderness and flavor traits.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.655-668
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• 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the supplementation of Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE) on overall performance levels with different nutrition concentrations in the diets of finishing pigs. Here, 140 finishing pigs with initial body weights of 50.18 ± 2.37 kg were used in a ten-week trial involving a 2 × 2 factorial design in two phases with the following factors: diet types with different nutrition concentrations (Positive control [PC] vs. Negative control [NC]) and 0 or 0.05% AJE supplementation to NC and PC diets. The PC diet was a basal diet, whereas the NC diet consisted of a 5% and 7% crude protein (CP) reduced basal diet during phase 1 (1 - 35 days) and phase 2 (36 - 70 days), respectively. A significant effect (p < 0.05) on the gain-to-feed ratio (G : F) was observed with interaction effects between the diets and AJE supplementation. However, during phase 1 and in all periods, the pigs fed the PC and NC diets with average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to decrease compared to those fed diets with AJE. A significant effect (p = 0.0380) of E. coli was observed in pigs fed the PC and NC diets compared to AJE supplementation in phase 2 of the experiment. The backfat thickness (BFT) tended to decrease and the lean meat percentage (LMP) was significantly improved in phase 2 for pigs fed the PC and NC diets. In summary, BFT and LMP showed beneficial effects and fecal microbiota of E. coli counts were positively affected when pigs were fed diets with different nutrient concentrations.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.288-288
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• 2022

Rice is an important staple in the world. And drought is one of the important constraints that negatively affect yield loss and grain quality of rice. CRISPR/Cas9 is a new breeding strategy that can improve the characteristics of rice quickly and accurately. CRISPR/Cas9 is a novel approach that can reliably harvest rice yields in response to a rapidly changing climate. In addition, there is no externally inserted DNA left in genome-editing rice, and it is receiving attention as being able to take responsibility for future food because its characteristics are continuously improved. In the future, high levels of drought resistant in water-constrained environments will be required, which will reduce yield loss. OsSAP was genome-editing with CRISPR/Cas9 in rice. A different line number was assigned to each panicle, and the generation advanced by applying the ear-to-row method. Genome-editing rice has improved drought resistance in drought conditions. Also, in genome-editing rice, the target sequence was homozygous in the 0 generation, and the coefficient of variation of heading date, number of tiller, and 1,000-grain weight was very small in 2 generation. In the era of rapidly changing climate change, CRISPR/Cas9 presents a new breeding strategy that can rapidly and accurately improve agronomic traits of major food crops as well as rice. CRISPR/Cas9 is applied together with traditional breeding to develop into a new breeding strategy, it is suggested that food can be obtained stably in response to climate change.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.213-213
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• 2022

Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS) refers to germinating seeds in the mother plant before harvesting under low dormancy and humid climate, deteriorating grain quality, and rice yield. Rice varieties with floury endosperm(RFE) have been developed to boost domestic rice consumption by invigorating the processed rice industry, reducing milling and environmental cost. However, the PHS tolerance of RFE is relatively low in the rice varieties with transparent endosperm(RTE) since they soak moisture rapidly due to soft endosperm. In this study, Baromi2(BR2), floury endosperm, and Jomyeong1(JM1), PHS tolerance donor, were crossed to improve PHS tolerance. Major agronomic traits and PHS tolerance test of ten F₇(BR2/JM1) lines were conducted in NICS, 2022. The evaluations of PHS were carried out according to the method of RDA(2012) with slight modifications. Briefly, three panicles were treated and incubated 25℃ in a growth chamber 35 days after the heading date. Ten PHS tolerance promising lines demonstrated floury endosperm. The heading date of BR2 and JM1 was 7/27 and 8/5, respectively. The heading date of promising lines was 7/23~8/10. The PHS rate of BR2 and JM1 exhibited 56.3% and 10.7%, respectively. However, the PHS rate often promising lines demonstrated 2.4%~52.4%, 3 lines significantly lower than BR2. Further studies such as ABA contents are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of PHS tolerance in BR2/JM1. These results may contribute to developing elite RFE lines with improved PHS tolerance.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.89-89
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• 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a representative food resource. To preserve the integrity of soybean, it is necessary to protect soybean yield and seed quality from threats of various pests and diseases. Riptortus pedestris is a well-known insect pest that causes the greatest loss of soybean yield in South Korea. This pest not only directly reduces yields but also causes disorders and diseases in plant growth. Unfortunately, no resistant soybean resources have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the distribution and movement of Riptortus pedestris at an early stage to reduce the damage caused by insect pests. Conventionally, the human eye has performed the diagnosis of agronomic traits related to pest outbreaks. However, due to human vision's subjectivity and impermanence, it is time-consuming, requires the assistance of specialists, and is labor-intensive. Therefore, the responses and behavior patterns of Riptortus pedestris to the scent of mixture R were visualized with a 3D model through the perspective of artificial intelligence. The movement patterns of Riptortus pedestris was analyzed by using time-series image data. In addition, classification was performed through visual analysis based on a deep learning model. In the object tracking, implemented using the YOLO series model, the path of the movement of pests shows a negative reaction to a mixture Rina video scene. As a result of 3D modeling using the x, y, and z-axis of the tracked objects, 80% of the subjects showed behavioral patterns consistent with the treatment of mixture R. In addition, these studies are being conducted in the soybean field and it will be possible to preserve the yield of soybeans through the application of a pest control platform to the early stage of soybeans.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.817-825
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify suitable polynomial regression for modeling the average growth trajectory and to estimate the relative development of the rib eye area, scrotal circumference, and morphometric measurements of Guzerat young bulls. Methods: A total of 45 recently weaned males, aged 325.8±28.0 days and weighing 219.9±38.05 kg, were evaluated. The animals were kept on Brachiaria brizantha pastures, received multiple supplementations, and were managed under uniform conditions for 294 days, with evaluations conducted every 56 days. The average growth trajectory was adjusted using ordinary polynomials, Legendre polynomials, and quadratic B-splines. The coefficient of determination, mean absolute deviation, mean square error, the value of the restricted likelihood function, Akaike information criteria, and consistent Akaike information criteria were applied to assess the quality of the fits. For the study of allometric growth, the power model was applied. Results: Ordinary polynomial and Legendre polynomial models of the fifth order provided the best fits. B-splines yielded the best fits in comparing models with the same number of parameters. Based on the restricted likelihood function, Akaike's information criterion, and consistent Akaike's information criterion, the B-splines model with six intervals described the growth trajectory of evaluated animals more smoothly and consistently. In the study of allometric growth, the evaluated traits exhibited negative heterogeneity (b<1) relative to the animals' weight (p<0.01), indicating the precocity of Guzerat cattle for weight gain on pasture. Conclusion: Complementary studies of growth trajectory and allometry can help identify when an animal's weight changes and thus assist in decision-making regarding management practices, nutritional requirements, and genetic selection strategies to optimize growth and animal performance.