• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

US transportation agencies are dealing with shrinking budgets, limited work forces, and deteriorating infrastructure. In order to cope with funding uncertainty, state highway agencies are now looking into their own organizations and identifying programs, practices, and processes that have potential for cost saving. A quality assurance (QA) program is an integral part of highway construction and ensures a project's contracted level of quality. The cost of quality (conforming and nonconforming) can constitute a sizable part of total construction cost. As the quality assurance programs evolved, various practices and processes were developed over time and later adopted by state highway agencies. These practices and processes include different QA standards and specifications, varying testing methods, central testing lab vs. on site testing, performance based vs. prescribed quality assurance practices, implementation of innovative quality assurance practices, etc. Therefore, there is an opportunity to assess different QA strategies and recommend those practices that are effective and cost efficient. A national survey was conducted by the authors, which provided a detailed mapping of various QA practices and processes used as part of QA programs and identified areas where agencies can focus on for cost savings. The survey found that QA sampling and testing plans, optimization of sampling plans, optimization of QA standards and specifications, and implementation of innovative test methods and processes are the main areas the agencies should focus to lean the current QA programs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 1980

This paper deals with the problem of determining a minimum cost sampling inspection plan for a single destructive testing by attribute. The cost for inspection lot is constructed by following three cost factors: (1) cost of inspection, (2) cost of accepted defective, (3) cost of rejected lot Using Hald's Bayesian approach in a single non-destructive testing, procedure's for finding the minimum cost single destructive sampling inspection plan by attribute are given. Assuming the uniform distribution as a prior-distribution and using numerical analysis by computer, a minimum cost single destructive sampling inspection plan by attribute for several lot sizes, unit cost, destructive testing cost, and salvage cost is given.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1987

A rectifying inspection plan is considered for the case of destructive testing. Screening inspection for rejected lots is performed by some nondestructive testing which is prone to misclassification errors. Apparent defectives found in the screening process is replaced with apparent good items. The plan provides LTPD protection on each individual lot while the sum of the cost of testing and the cost due to producer's risk at process average quality is minimized. A brief discussion on average outgoing quality is also given.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1989

This paper is concerned with forecasting the existing number of errors in the computer software and optimizing the stopping time of the software test based upon the forecasted number of errors. The most commonly used models have assessed software reliability under the assumption that the software failure late is proportional to the current fault content of the software but invariant to time since software faults are independents of others and equally likely to cause a failure during testing. In practice, it has been observed that in many situations, the failure rate decrease. Hence, this paper proposes a mathematical model to describe testing situations where the failure rate of software limearly decreases proportional to testing time. The least square method is used to estimate parameters of the mathematical model. A cost model to optimize the software testing time is also proposed. In this cost mode two cost factors are considered. The first cost is to test execution cost directly proportional to test time and the second cost is the failure cost incurred after delivery of the software to user. The failure cost is assumed to be proportional to the number of errors remained in the software at the test stopping time. The optimal stopping time is determined to minimize the total cost, which is the sum of test execution cast and the failure cost. A numerical example is solved to illustrate the proposed procedure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.119-125
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• 1985

It is very important to assure the software quality. The static and dynamic testing are to be performed on the program to find some error in it, and it's purposes are to assure the software quality with cost-effectiveness. For it we use the automated tool. In this paper, it suggest the design of the software tool for COBOL static testing.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Purpose - The self quality inspection which is mandatory in Republic of Korea can play an important role in promoting food safety, but the cost for self quality inspection is also a big burden especially for small businesses. In addition, excessive or duplicated inspection costs resulting from the standard gaps of various ministries and agencies ultimately effect negative social utility. Thus, this paper aims to suggest ways to improve the analysis of self quality inspection for the Ready-to-Eat Foods in terms of dried laver, in order to reduce costs caused by overinclusion. Research design, data, and methodology - The focus of interest is seaweed in Kimbab, which is to be exempted from the Vibrio parahaemolyticus test on the three grounds. First, existing literature provides little support for the necessity of performing a microbiological test. Second, laver products do not require the V.parahaemolyticus test by international standards such as the CODEX. Third, no case was found for seaweed products on the list of information on failed food items over the 2015~16 period. Results - Other types of seaweed such as exportable and seasoning seaweed are not subject to the test. Hence, exclusion of the V.pahaemolyticus test on seaweed is a valid point, bringing about large expected cost savings to many small businesses. Conclusions - Based on a complete survey of 75 food-testing agencies from March 20th to 30th, 2018, this paper finds that the proposed revision of the Kimbab test is likely to save an average of 130,000 won per business per year. Especially, in the case of the testing fee of Salmonella spp.(n,c,m,M), the cost difference by agencies was found to be up to five times. The regional gap in testing fees can be considered an unfair barrier. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine whether the testing fee is set at an appropriate level through the cost-extraction program proposed by the Ministry Food and Drug Safety. Hence, the survey results also point out that harmonization of testing fees charged by different food-testing agencies is appropriate with respect to transparency and efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 1983

Often arrangement for effective product assessment and audit have not been completely satisfactory. The underlying reasons are: (a) The lack of early evidence of new unit quality. (b) The collection and processing of data. (c) Ineffective data analysis techniques. (d) The variability of information on which decision making is based. Because of the nature of the product the essential outputs from an affective QA organization would be: (a) Confirmation of new unit quality. (b) Detection of failures which are either epidemic or slowly degradatory. (c) Identification of failure cases. (d) Provision of management information at the right time to effect the necessary corrective action. The heart of an effective QA scheme is the acquisition and processing of data. With the advent of data processing for quality monitoring becomes feasible in an automotive testing environment. This paper shows how the method enables us to use Automotive Testing data for the cost benefits of QA management.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.81-112
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• 2007

In the competitive global market, firms have to keep profit from innovation activities. A firm makes profits by offering products or services at a lower cost than its competitors or by offering differentiated products at premium prices that more than compensate for the extra cost of differentiation. The IC Package and Testing technology industries were the first high technological industry to build in Taiwan. The Package and Testing industries in Taiwan adopted competitive innovation activities to become stronger. In our study, we want to know how innovation activities influence a firm operating in the IC Package and Testing industries. Our study used a questionnaire and Likert five-point scale to survey the innovation activities, customer and feedback in innovation performance in the IC Package and Testing industry. The wafer level chip size packing technology in our study indicates the innovation activities. Because we need to compare the difference between the wafer level chip size packing technology and wire bonding technology to recognize innovation and how the innovator and customer were influenced. Our conclusions are described below: (1) When the innovator adopts innovation activities that can be maintained using experiments and knowledge, using machine and decision variables more quickly will produce success; (2) Innovators should adopt innovation activities that focus on customers that use knowledge and experimentation, training time and cost. If an innovation forces customers to spend much time and cost to learn new technology or applications, the innovation will not be adopted; (3) Innovators that create innovation performance higher than his customers must also consider the impact upon their customers. We have to remind innovator to focus on why their customers have a different level of evolution in the same innovation activities.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.137-153
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• 2007

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a preventive technique in reliability management field. The successful implementation of FMEA technique can avoid or reduce the probability of system failure and achieve good product quality. The FMEA technique had applied in vest scopes which include aerospace, automatic, electronic, mechanic and service industry. The marking process is one of the back ends testing process that is the final process in semiconductor process. The marking process failure can cause bad final product quality and return although is not a primary process. So, how to improve the quality of marking process is one of important production job for semiconductor testing factory. This research firstly implements FMEA technique in laser marking process improvement on semiconductor testing factory and finds out which subsystem has priority failure risk. Secondly, a CCD position solution for priority failure risk subsystem is provided and evaluated. According analysis result, FMEA and CCD position implementation solution for laser marking process improvement can increase yield rate and reduce production cost. Implementation method of this research can provide semiconductor testing factory for reference in laser marking process improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.474-485
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• 2011

In this Study, the results of survey of evaluation cases on 10 GIS software were used as quality level index of GIS software in order to evaluate the quality of GIS (Geographic Information System) software. On the basis of such evaluation, analysis on the cost of improving the defectiveness accumulated of GIS software test cases was made. I am attempting to deduce the results that can be used assertively in promoting the justification for quality investment of enterprises or industrial units by quantitatively computing the cost essential in securing the quality by measuring the investment and effects on the quality through this.