• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.76-91
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• 2007

The domestic market for scalp care and hair loss management reached 1 trillion won. The market for hair loss management is expected to expand further. Systematic scalp and hair care services, such as scalp scaling, scalp massage, equipment maintenance, scalp care products sale, and care program based on scalp and trichology are provided. This study examined the status of hair loss management and use of hair care products by people experiencing hair loss and the level of their satisfaction. In addition, this study presents basic data for the effective hair loss management and marketing strategies for scalp and hair loss clinics. The results are as follows. 41.2% of the study subjects were in their 20s, and 66.6% of the study subjects were women. As for the hair loss symptoms, 45.2%, the largest percentage, had thin and wispy hair and more women had thin hair than men. 80.0% of men had oily hair. As for the scalp condition, 39,3% had oily scalp. As more women experience hair loss, 39.6% had female pattern hair loss and 31.0% had male pattern hair loss. As the largest percentage of people experiencing hair loss was in their 20s, 33.4%, the largest percentage, had the onset of hair loss in their early 20s. 34.1%, the largest percentage, reported having used the clinic for less than 1 month. The older the subject, the longer the length of hair clinic use. As for the average number of monthly hair loss clinic visits, 28.2%, the largest percentage, said 3 times. As for the hair loss management product use, 61.9%, said they do not use it and 38.1% said they use it. 5.6%, the largest percentage, used Davines at home and 9.6%, the largest percentage, used Kerastase at the clinic. As for the experience of hair loss product previously, 84.5% said they had no experience and 15.5% said they had eThe following are related to the satisfaction level of hair loss management. xperience. 5.0%, the largest percentage, reported having used Daenggimeori. The following are related to the satisfaction level of hair loss management. 32.8%, the largest percentage, said the effect of hair loss management lasted less than 6 monthas. As for the satisfaction levels on hair loss management program, service, skill of the hair specialist, hygiene, and hair loss management products, most people indicated between average and somewhat satisfactory levels. As for the satisfaction level on the cost of hair loss management, most people indicated average satisfaction level. As for the element essential to hair loss management, 39.0%, the largest percentage, indicated development of effective and specialized programs, 28.2%, indicated low price, 25.1%, indicated systematic and professional education of the hair specialist, 4.6%, indicated marketing and promotion, 2.5%, indicated service quality, and 0.6% indicated others.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.4 s.118
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• pp.489-497
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• 2006

The feasibility of the Natural and Ecological Wastewater treatment System (NEWS) was examined for rural wastewater treatment in Korea. The intermittent trickling biofilter with high hydrophilic filter media was used for pretreatment for suspended solids and organic pollutants. The subsequent constructed wetland with porous granule materials was used for promoting nutrient removal. The results show that the removal efficiencies of the system were high with respect to the water quality parameters except COD. Even if the effluent from the biofilter did not meet the guidelines for wastewater treatment plant effluent in Korea in terms of $BOD_5$ and TN, the final effluent of the system meets the guidelines us to good performance of the constructed wetland. The regression analysis between pollutant loading rate and removal rate indicated that the system could have stable removal for SS, $BOD_5$, TN, and TP in the given influent ranges. The analysis in the winter period indicated that the wetland covered with transparent polycarbonate glass had the statble performance during the winter period dus to increase of temperature inside the wetland without any heating system. With the stable performance, effective poilutant removal, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, the NEWS could be considered as an alternative treatment system for decentralized regions and rural communities in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.400-405
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• 2011

Autophagy, a highly conserved mechanism of internal quality control, is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and for the orchestration of an efficient cellular response to stress. During aging, the efficiency of autophagic degradation declines and intracellular waste products accumulate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise on autophagic response in skeletal muscle. Twenty-four Young (4 month) and Old (12 month) ICR-type white male mice were divided into a control group (CON: n=6) and exercise training group (Tr: n=6) after an adaptation period of 1 week. Exercise consisted of treadmill running at 16.4 m/min with a 4% incline, 40 min/day and 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Cervical dislocation was performed at 48 hours after the last round of exercise, after which the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle were immediately collected. The results of verifying autophagy formation showed that the Sarcopenia index was decreased in the Old mice compared to the Young. However, it increased with exercise training in the Old. Lipidation LC3-II, Becline-1, and Atg7 were decreased in the Old mice compared to the Young. However, Lipidation LC3-II was significantly increased in the trained Old mice (Young:1 Vs Old:$1.32{\pm}0.042$, p<0.05). Based on these data, we suggest that autophagy regulatory events are the attenuated in Old mice, but that they are enhanced with exercise training.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2002

Effect of pretreatment processing (peeling time, drying temperature, sample type) on the quality of hot air drying peony roots was investigated. Peony roots were peeled for 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minute in the peeling machine after water washing. Sample types were whole or cut (thickness of 3mm). Temperatures of hot air drying were 30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$ The level of water contents in dried sample was $14{\sim}15%$. Drying time was muth reduced as the peeling time, cutting sample types and higher temperature. Contents of paeoniflorin were maintained highest amount (3.48%) in the non-peeling cut sample dried at $30^{\circ}C$ and lowest amount (2.29%) in the 120min-peeling whole one dried at $60^{\circ}C$. Skin color of dried peony roots was heavily discolored in the sample of non-peeling whole type dried at $60^{\circ}C$ and the color was dark brown $({\Delta}E\;was\;46.1)$. When considering shortening of drying time, preservation of active compounds and maintenance of color, the best pretreatment method of drying in peony roots was non-peeling, cut type processing.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

Current medical delivery system in Korea has been distinguished into three types; primary medical facilities, secondary facilities, and tertiary facilities since 1989. This system prevents the waste of medical resources along with the maintenance of balance according to the medical treatment subjects. However, it is inevitable that the imbalance of the medical services among regions has been generated due to the concentration of the medical facilities on large cities. In this regard, this study attempted to evaluate the quality of the primary medical services, emphasizing accessibility and convenience targeting Jinju city, a small and medium-sized city, based on the distribution characteristics of the space. The study results show that cohesion index about the spatial distribution of the primary care facilities was 0~0.25. It conducted a correlation analysis between the location of the hospitals and users, based on the study results. Finally, it is demonstrated the correlation between the location of the hospitals and users tended to be low, while, the cohesion of the Oriental medicine clinics was high in other treatment subjects, and the accessibility to the Oriental medicine clinics was the highest because most Oriental medicine clinics were distributed to the places where users were many. However, on account that the locations of the medical facilities and users were varied in other treatment subjects except for the Oriental medicine clinics, problems were generated in terms of the accessibility. Therefore, it is judged that the preparation of the measures to improve the selection of lots in consideration of users, who use the primary medical services, is required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.551-557
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• 2015

This study analyzes potentially hazardous sub-watersheds from non-point source pollution areas using an HSPF model. The watershed of the Juam dam reservoir was divided into 29 sub-watersheds, and the flow, BOD, TN and TP concentration for the Juam dam watershed were evaluated from 2009 to 2012 using a watershed model, with a warming period from 2009 to 2010. The results of the watershed model agreed well with the flow and water quality field measurements. The calculated average non-point source loadings were BOD of 8.8 and $9.1kg/day/km^2$ in 2011 and 2012, respectively; TN of 9.7 and $10.1kg/day/km^2$ in 2011 and 2012, respectively; and TP of 0.30 and $0.33kg/day/km^2$ in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The non-point source loading of the Bonghwa stream watershed was calculated, and predominantly assessed upstream of the Boseong river. Additionally, the Miryeok, Jangpyeong, Yuleo, Guam, Seokgyo, Mundeok, Incheon, and Bongnae stream watersheds, with extensive agricultural areas, were assessed to be potentially hazardous areas in terms of non-point source management. In this study, HSPF model was applied in order to aid in the selection of non-point source reduction facilities for the Juam dam watershed, where they were evaluated as to whether they would be applicable for non-point source management.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Objectives : The present study was an evaluation and standardization of herbal components in order to establish the efficacy and safety of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture. Methods : Among the raw materials of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture, the components Cibotii Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex, and Ledebouriellae Radix were assessed through ingredient verification experiments using thin-layer chromatography(TLC) and ultraviolet rays(UV) lamps. In addition, we standardized Acanthopanacis Cortex and Achyranthis Radix through validation using high performance liquid chromatograph-diode array detector(HPLC-DAD). Results : As result appeared a blue-white fluorescence under ultraviolet rays; changed to dark green after adding 1 % ferric chloride solution(due to Cibotii Rhizoma), and presented a yellow-green fluorescence when mixed with an ethyl ether under UV lamps by way of the ethyl ether layer, confirming Eucommiae Cortex. Ledebouriellae Radix was confirmed as dark brown spots at Rf values of 0.56 and 0.71 using TLC. Additionally, Acanthopanacis Cortex and Achyranthis Radix HPLC test results showed that linearity was $R^2{\geq}0.99$, and detection limit and quantitation limit were 0.23 to $1.29{\mu}g/mL$, and 0.71 to $3.90{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Furthermore, precision and accuracy were confirmed to have relative standard deviation(RSD) values of 0.10 to 1.89 % and 96.19 to 103.72 %, respectively. Shinbaro pharmacopuncture did not have any overlapping or interference from other peaks in detection under the abovementioned analysis conditions. Conclusions : In conclusion, we confirmed that maintenance of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture validity was possible by means of quality control of Cibotii Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex, and Ledebouriellae Radix through ingredient identification and Acanthopanacis Cortex and Achyranthis Radix through high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC) analysis. Further, we hope to contribute to the development strategy of herbal industry acupuncture.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

Incontinence is the urination disorder as the leakage of urine without her own volition and the woman's representative disease which reduce the life quality. The electromagnetic therapy has high possibility of development cause it has no needs of operant exercise, no arousing of shame and impossibility of infection. But, it has improvement points such as uniformity of the treatment protocol, patient dependance and absent of patient monitoring system. With these demands, the system which stimulate the pelvic flaw muscle with electromagnetic and monitoring the patient status during the therapy is proposed, in this study. And individually adapted electromagnetic therapy system for incontinence patient is also suggested. The proposed system consisted of electromagnetic generation device, cooling device, treating chair, patient monitoring device with pulsation and control software. The simulation for high power system and evaluation confirm was performed. With the development of control software, the convenience of using and maintenance are ensured and the patient adapted therapy protocol is applied. The developed patient adapted electromagnetic therapy system with monitoring device is regarded as the patient affinitive treating method by reducing the riskiness, improving the efficiency with patterned protocol and pre/post therapy. These results, in this study, can bring the safe and organized treatment method to incontinence patients and can lead the variable study for electromagnetic therapy in incontinence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.171-190
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• 1990

It is the purpose of this study to address how to manage the urban vegitation using the concept of Urban Forestry which is relatively new to Korea. When we consider the Urban Forestry as a science, We should understand it interdisciplinary subject which includes Forestry, Horticulture, Urban Planning, Landscape Design, Landuse Planning, Business and Humanities. It may say that people and tree are the fundermental components of Urban Forestry. So there are two ways of Urban Forestry Applications-How people care for trees and How trees care for People-. For the application, this study places the focus on the monetary valuation, tree inventory system and traditional forestry application to urban forest management. Pubic Relation, Communication, Ordinances and Budget are also mentioned as a part of Urban Forestry Policy. Monetary valuation of trees and forests is very important for the proper cognition of their real value. So that, they may be equated and weighed against conflicting uses which would cause to be removed or severely mutilated. A tree inventory system which is the essential part of urban tree management can provide the pertinent information about the present condition of urban tree resource. It may aid in reducing the subjectivity of tree management decisions and stimulate them to be made rapidly and can help reduce potential municipal liability by identifying serious problems in time for corrective maintenance practices to be applied for the maximize community benefits and minimimize public nuisances or hazards. Managers can derive the information from the inventory and use it for the various management plan. When we see the structure of tree inventory system as one of the data base management system, Computer is the best equipment for the efficient management plan. Public relation and communication is also important factors to care the people for urban vegetation management. Volunteer management system is a good example for the public relation and communication. Those skills are need to develop for using the priceless, valuable human resources. Budget holds the key to the execution of Urban Forestry. Good inventory can provide for efficient budgeting stratiges through it's scientific analysis for the way of maximum benefits and minimum costs. Forest can be play a vital role for the aesthetic improvement and recreation in the city. This study suggests that the traditional sivicultural application not only improve the quality of scenic beauty and recreation but also the products of timber. So it is more needed to study for strong and scientific application to urban forest management.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.188-198
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• 2008

Since 2003, the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) of Korea has been conducting "The monitoring study on exposure level and biomarkers of environmental pollutants" in the Ulsan industrial complex with the goals to establish a surveillance system for residents, to evaluate the health effects associated with chronic exposure to environmental pollutants and to develop the environmental health indicators in Ulsan industrial complex. This program consists of three phases an initial or foundation phase in which the program is developed, made operational and extended to the community, followed by an evaluation and accountability assessment of the surveillance system and finally an improvement in the quality of life and the maintenance of good health for Ulsan residents. In the period 2003 to 2008, the study program developed the surveillance system which will be used for the full-length survey. All participants in this study were contacted at a presentation meeting for residents, introduced to the objectives and protocols of the survey, and asked to participate. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study is now underway and includes questionnaires, health examinations and the analysis/collection/banking of bio-sample such as blood and urine. To date 828 subjects have participated and already 588 subjects have been followed up. We are committed to complete health examinations and to arrange storage of biosample for all participants. During the current year, we will analyze metals (Pb in blood and Cd, inorganic As and Hg in urine) in 1,972 samples and VOCs (11 species) and PARs (18 species) in 300 samples (blood sample). Moreover, the summary of the first step and the further preparation of the second step are currently underway. In this article, we introduce the study and its protocols and the distribution and size of the study participants. In conclusion, this survey will be continuously conducted on the established cohort and will enable the identification of relationship between environmental pollutant exposures and the health status of residents in Ulsan industrial complex.