• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.20-36
• /
• 2022

This study aims to provide basic data for high-quality street tree management by setting reasonable management items and appropriate unit prices by reviewing the adequacy of current street tree management. Currently, street tree management items, except for street tree pruning, use general landscape tree quantity per unit for the street tree management quantity per unit. KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) applied pruning items from standard electric production infrastructure and carried out the activities at an average unit price of 51% lower for heavy pruning and 39% lower for light pruning than the standard estimate. This was judged to be a level that could not maintain or increase the quality of street tree management. It was determined that an appropriate standard unit price for street tree management was necessary. To improve the quantity per unit for the proper management of street trees, it was necessary to review costs in the field. However, due to the absence of data on actual construction costs in the domestic landscape field, detailed items of the US RSMeans Building Construction Cost Data (RSMeans) were reviewed, and the actual construction costs were calculated by applying personal domestic expenses. As a result, the standard of the estimated unit showed a good ratio of 107% for heavy pruning of street tree pruning compared to the actual construction cost, but light pruning was underestimated with a 59% ratio. Shrub pruning was 82%, weeding was 92%, tree fertilization was 87%, and windbreak wall installation was 91% under-engineered. In addition, it was also confirmed that the watering by sprinkler trucks and chemical spraying were over-designed compared to the actual construction cost at the rates of 118% and 124%, respectively. Due to the specificity of the street trees, the increase in personal expenses and the input cost of equipment, such as road safety controls, were judged to be the main cause of the underestimation of items. Therefore, it is necessary to add items related to street trees and general landscape trees to the landscape maintenance items of the standard of the estimated unit.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.36 no.4 s.105
• /
• pp.467-472
• /
• 2003

In this study, an algal fence was developed and applied to reduce the input of algal scum into the water intake facility. The effectiveness of vertical algal fences(overlapped three types of meshes, (312 ${\mu}m$ ${\times}$ 375 ${\mu}m$, 390 ${\mu}m$ ${\times}$ 450 ${\mu}m$, and 0,7 cm ${\times}$ 1cm; vertical depth, 1.5 m; length of fence, about 120 m)) was experimentally tested at a water intake facility (Mulgum, lower Nakdong River). The application of the fence resulted in the statistically significant difference of algal biomass between inside and outside of the fence. According to ANOVA test, chi. a concentration in Day-1showed large difference at each depth of 0, 1, 2 m (0.001> p at each depth, n = 16 respectively). Especially large difference was observed at 0 and 1 m depth. However, the fence was only effective for a short period and its efficiency declined by Day-5after the installation. When better maintenance options for the fence are prepared, e.g. mechanical installation and periodic backwashing of the fence, the performance of algal fence may be sustained. In addition, reliable models for bloom prediction are required to provide an advanced indication of the optimal timing for the installation so that effective operation would be achieved.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.455-465
• /
• 2001

In a rapidly changing society, the rise in standard of living and level of education has brought about a Qualitative change in consumption, especially food consumption. Accordingly, consumers' interest in and the consumption of health foods has also grown at a rapid pace, expanding the health food market. However. because of the consumer's lack of understanding and knowledge about health foods, the reality is a difficulty in establishing sound consumption. Accordingly, this study was conducted to analyze the consumers' purchase behavior for health food. Through this study, consumers will be able to rationally plan for the use of health food items and further to provide necessary information for planning and executing effective marketing strategies producers and distributors of health foods items. The subjects of this study are the 473 Seoul residents over the age of 20 who have used health food items in the past year. The result of this study showed the use of fatigue rehabilitators, with 93.2% of the respondents saying they have used it. was the highest. with natural products honey, vitamin supplements. restorative foods, mineral supplements, young-gi fellowing in order. Recovery from fatigue. with 3.81, was the top reason the respondents started using health food items, followed by maintenance of health, supplement nutrition. and prevent disease. Family and relatives topped the list of information sources with 3.76. followed by TV and friends. On the other the Internet(2.32) and radio(2.35) were shown to be the lowest information sources. Those surveyed listed quality(4.00), safety(3.99). and nutrition(3.93) as evaluative criteria for health food items, in order of importance. The place of purchase most frequented by consumers in the survey were specialty stores(35.3%) leading the way with department stores and door-to-door sales, pharmacy following behind. On the other hand. purchases from direct mail were the lowest with 1.5% The people who bought health food Items were shown to be parent/siblings(37.2%) , self(33.6%) followed by spouse(23.7%) Purchases made by children were very low with only 4.9%. Finally, the level of satisfaction after using health food products were generally not very high. Consumers seem to be satisfied with the effectiveness(3.37) and safety (3.15) of the products. which is very minute, and they were slightly dissatisfied with the quality of the products.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.322-329
• /
• 2016

This study is about the method to control the quality of material used to repair leakage and crack of concrete structure and suggests the "Temperature Stability Test Method" as a follow-up study. In the result of performance evaluation for 45 samples of 15 types in 5 series, the temperature stability test showed different material changes including rolling down, volume change, and color change as they are frozen and melt repeatedly in the somewhat extreme conditions at low($-20^{\circ}C$) and high($60^{\circ}C$) temperatures, where 13 samples (approx. 29%) and 32 samples (approx. 71%) showed leakage, respectively, in the permeability test to evaluate leakage. This result shows the enough importance of setting the quality control criteria of leakage repair material currently used to maintain concrete structures considering the temperature conditions, and proves the applicability of the Temperature Stability Test Method as a standard test method to ensure long-term durability of concrete structure.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of fresh red paprika treated by electron-beam irradiation at quarantine doses. The initial microbial loads were low with $10^4$ and $10^2$ colony-forming units/g for total aerobic bacteria and coliform, respectively; however, a dose of 1 kGy resulted in load reduction of 1 log cycle. A dose level of more than 1 kGy caused significant decreases in the hardness and carotenoid content parameters. An applied dose level of less than 2 kGy did not affect vitamin C content; however, a decrease of 87-90% was observed after 40-day storage. Samples treated with 2 kGy showed significantly lower acceptance compared to the control, with lower sensory evaluation scores for color and texture. Therefore, e-beam irradiation at dose range of 0.4 and 1 kGy was found to be appropriate for quarantine applications for microbiological control and quality maintenance of paprika.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.23
• /
• pp.195-206
• /
• 1988

Two major issues of the blood bank management are quality assurance and inventory control. Recently, in Korea blood donation has gained popularity increasingly to allow considerable improvement of the quality assurance with respect to blood collection, transportation, storage, component preparation skills and hematological tests. Nevertheless the inventory control, the other issue of blood bank management, has been neglected so far. For the supply of blood by donation barely meets the demand, the blood bank policy on the inventory control has been 'the more the better.' The shortage itself by no means unnecessitate inventory control. In fact, in spite of shortage, no small amount of blood is outdated. The efficient blood inventory control makes it possible to economize the blood usage in the practice of state-of-the-art medical care. For the efficient blood inventory control in Korean hospitals, this tudy is to develop formulae forecasting the standard blood inventory level and suggest a set of policies improving the blood inventory control. For this study informations of $A^+$ whole bloods and packed cells inventory control were collected from a University Hospital and the Central Blood Bank of the Korean Red Cross. Using this informations, 1,461 daily blood inventory records were formulated.48 varieties of blood inventory control environment were identified on the basis of selected combinations of 4 inventory control variables-crossmatch, transfusion, inhospital donation and age of bloods from external supply. In order to decide the optimal blood inventory level for each environment, simulation models were designed to calculate the measures of performance of each environment. After the decision of 48 optimal blood inventory levels, stepwise multiple regression analysis was started where the independent variables were 4 inventory control variables and the dependent variable was optimal inventory level of each environment. Finally the standard blood inventory level decision rule was developed using the backward elimination procedure to select the best regression equation. And the effective alternatives of the issuing policy and crossmatch release period were suggested according to the measures of performance under the condition of the standard blood inventory level. The results of this study' were as follows ; 1. The formulae to calculate the standard blood inventory level($S^*$)was $S^*=2.8617X(d)^{0.9342}$ where d is the mean daily crossmatch(demand) for a blood type. 2. The measures of performace - outdate rate, average period of storage, mean age of transfused bloods, and mean daily available inventory level - were improved after maintenance of the standard inventory level in comparison with the present system. 3. Issuing policy of First In-First Out(FIFO) decreased the outdate rate, while Last In-First Out(LIFO) decreased the mean age of transfused bloods. The decrease of the crossmatch release period reduced the outdate rate and the mean age of transfused bloods.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 2015

Large trees in the apartment complex are playing an important role to decide the quality of external environment. They are planted with the object of utilizing themselves as a landmark of the complex and enhancing space symbolism. Since planting large trees would require high maintenance costs and generate defect, it would cause decline in quality of external environment. This study researches on large trees in artificial ground of the apartment complex. This study analyzes actual condition of planting and tries to provide improvement direction of planting. In order to conduct this research, three target areas (over R30) and 265 trees are selected. Based on the drawings and specifications this study researches on the plan of landscape design, changes of field design, actual condition of completion, present condition of planting, minimum soil depth of growth and development and types of extra action for soil depth. The result shows that 85% of drawings and specifications for large trees in the apartment complex are deep-rooted tree species. On average large trees with R 35 are planted in artificial ground and there is lack of on average 65cm minimum soil depth of growth and development. Reviewing changes of field design is conducted in such limited size as mainly R30 and R40 and there is no extra plan for lack of soil depth. The plan for securing additional soil depth is done by 85% of mounding. However, since there is only 10% of satisfaction, the inappropriateness in securing additional soil is pointed out. This research also points out that the size of large trees, root characteristics and location-allocation for planting are pivotal factors for securing minimum soil depth of growth and development. This research also provides improvement direction in case of planning planting.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.257-265
• /
• 2020

Parts obsolescence is a component type, in which raw materials or parts that make up a weapons system, are developed and produced according to demand, but they age due to changes in technology or market conditions. The weapon system equipment currently being used by the military is having difficulty in procurement, maintenance, and operation because of the obsolescence of parts. Parts obsolescence during the life cycle of a weapons system affects not only the combat readiness of the military but also the economic loss of material, parts, and equipment manufacturers and suppliers. On the other hand, advanced technology has reduced the life span of electronic components that make up the weapons system. In addition, because of the nature of the weapons system, the obsolescence of components takes decades from development to disposal, which has a serious adverse effect on equipment readiness and life cycle costs. Therefore, it is necessary to manage systematically the parts obsolescence from development until the disposal of the weapons system equipment. This study examined the system of component control in developed countries to present a proper management plan for local situations and propose development plans for the early settlement of component control.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 2017

Improving tracking performance by estimating the status of multiple targets using radar is important. In a clutter environment, a joint event occurs between the track and measurement in multiple target tracking using a tracking filter. As the number increases, the joint event increases exponentially. The problem to be considered when multiple target tracking filter design in such environments is that first, the tracking filter minimizes the rate of false track alarmsby eliminating the false track and quickly confirming the target track. The purpose is to increase the FTD performance. The second consideration is to improve the track maintenance performance by allocating each measurement to a track efficiently when an event occurs. Through two considerations, a single target tracking data association technique is extended to a multiple target tracking filter, and representative algorithms are JIPDAF and LM-IPDAF. In this study, a probabilistic evaluation of many hypotheses in the assignment of measurements was not performed, so that the computation amount does not increase nonlinearly according to the number of measurements and tracks, and the track existence probability based on the track density The LM-IPDAF algorithm was introduced. This paper also proposes a method to reduce the computational complexity by improving the clutter density estimation method for calculating the track existence probability of LM-IPDAF. The performance was verified by a comparison with the existing algorithm through simulation. As a result, it was possible to reduce the simulation processing time by approximately 20% while achieving equivalent performance on the position RMSE and Confirmed True Track.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.654-661
• /
• 2013

The current research is designed to analyze sterilization effects on mulberries in terms of storage temperature and storage period after treating with tap water (TW), electrolyzed water (EW) and aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$). The treated $ClO_2$ concentrations are 10, 50, 100 and 200 ppm. In each concentration, the mulberries are soaked for 30 seconds respectively. The sterilization effects are being compared at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. And the enzyme activity related to quality is also being investigated and analyzed about for browning inhibition effects. Microbial sterilizing power increases more in treating plots with EW and $ClO_2$ than treating plot with TW. Futhermore sterilizing power of $ClO_2$ increased sharply on high concentration treatment plot as well. Sterilization effects of $ClO_2$ during storage time are better at cold temperature. Pictures taken from scanning electron microscope reveal that there are no microbes in sterilizing solutions treatment plots. From measurement of the enzyme activity, it is concluded that activities decrease more in sterilizing solutions treatment plots as comparing with TW treated plot during the time. The amount of total polyphenolics decrease with the time passing and EW and $ClO_2$ treatment shows less contents than TW treatment. Thus, EW and $ClO_2$ treatment of mulberris are considered as method to improve safety by reducing total plate count and to contribute to quality maintenance and to extend storage time.