• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2007

Offset printing is one of the well known printing technique of lithographic process and consists of image area and 'non-image area on a flat image carrier. The surface tension of dampening water can be controlled by adding IPA after mixing of raw water and etching solution. The etching solution contains a surfactant for reducing surface energy, a clean agent for non-imaging area, wetting agent for protecting non-imaging area from oil components like ink and also an emulsifying agent for controlling emulsification. In this study, the present situation of dampening water maintenance has examined by collecting dampening water using at domestic companies. The pH related to dampening water, conductivity, contact angle, emulsification curve are measured to define the current situation of dampening water control of each companies and to analyze the relationship among measured properties. In the study most of companies among 16 printing companies tested controlling dampening water through pH value. However, the quality of printing has varied depending upon conductivity, contact angle, IPA content, and emulsification value. The control of dampening water should be carry at the state of the standard when adding proper ratio of etching solution. It would be more effective when pH or conductivity control carries out in parallel with controlling dampening water. Therefore the concept that pH5.5 is correct is based concept. Based on these initial tests it is defined that the standardization of dampening water control is required.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.160-170
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• 2003

A pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of intermittent slow sand filtration for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. The effluent of biofilter for 16-unit apartment was used as influent to the slow sand filtration system at 0.6 $m^3$/day loading rate using 15 seconds spray in every 10 minutes on the about 1 $m^2$ surface area and 0.5 m depth. The influent concentrations of total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and E. coli were in the range of 10.000 MPN/100 mL. and they were reduced to less than 1,000 MPN/100 mL after filtration with average of 320, 270, and 154 MPN/100 mL, respectively, showing over 95 % removal. Turbidity and SS were improved effectively and their average concentration was reduced to 0.8 NTU and 1.7 mg/L, respectively, and removal rate was about 50 %. Average BOD and COD concentrations were also reduced substantially to 2.6 and 25.8 mg/L with about 55 and 21 % removal rate, respectively. Nutrients removal was relatively low and removal rate for T-N and T-P was low however, remaining nutrients might be beneficial and less concerned in case of agricultural reuse. The concentration of biofilter effluent used in this experiment was in the range of secondary treatment effluent but slightly stronger than the one from existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, intermittent slow sand filtration might be also applicable to the effluent from WWTPs as long as its agricultural reuse is available. Considering stable performance and effective removal of bacterial indicators as well as other water quality parameters, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, the intermittent slow sand filtration was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. This paper is a preliminary result from pilot study and further investigations are recommended on the optimum design parameters before full scale application.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 2000

Field experiment was performed from August 1996 to December 1999 to examine the feasibility of constructed wetland system for sewage treatment in rural areas. A pilot system was installed in Konkuk University and the effluent of septic tank for school building was used as an influent to the wetland treatment basin. The system was composed of sand and reed, and operated continuously including winter time. Average removal rate of about 70% was observed for BOD, COD, and SS, about 50% for T-P, and about 25% for T-N. The reason for poor T-N removal might be due to high loading rate and short retention time. The system demonstrated satisfactory effluent concentration and stable performance in growing season. And it also worked adequately in wintertime even below $10^{\circ}C$ without freezing, and removal was still significant. The amount removed in BOD, COD, and SS was almost the same as in the growing season, and the amount removed in nutrients was about half of the one in growing season. Overall performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB, 1994), and it was within the range of general system performance. As study period increased, removal rates for BOD, COD, SS, and T-P were consistently maintained and even enhanced, but removal rate for T-N decreased slightly. Wetland system was thought to be a feasible alternative for sewage treatment in rural area considering its low cost and low maintenance requirement. However, the effluent of the experimental wetland system often exceeded current effluent water quality standards, therefore, further treatment could be required if the effluent should be discharged to public waters. Wetland system of interest locates in rural area and is a part of rural ecosystem, therefore, ultimate disposal of reclaimed sewage for agricultural purpose or subsequent land treatment might be available and further research in this matter is recommended.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2007

The conclusion of free Trade Agreement between South Korea and USA can become a serious threat to the Korean agriculture. On the strategic scheme the foodstuffs is the basis for protection of the state sovereignty. The Amur oblast of Russian Federation is region, which can supply South Korea cheap and good qualitative feeds. It means South Korea should create agricultural cooperation with the Amur oblast of Russian Federation with the purpose to begin organic agriculture in this area and it will help South Korea to counteract a quantitative attack on Korea from the side of american agricultural production. In the Amur oblast there are following fodder crops; Alfalfa, Smooth brome grass (gromus adonis L.), Siberian couch grass, Sudan pass, Colza rape (Brassica napus) and Amaranth (Avfranthus). In the same area also exist oatmeal, wheat, corn and barley, which is possible to use for feeds. All these above written cultures are cultivated organically, therefore it is possible to use them as organic forages in South Korea. It is very important to know system of crop rotation in the Amur oblast. There is a scheme of crop rotation, which is connected with increase and preservation of fertility of soil, maintenance of growth of productivity of agricultural cultures and reception of high-quality production. It is necessary to begin organic agriculture in a southern part of Amur oblast, where, in 2001 year, 97% of all sowing areas was concentrated. The acidity degree of soil in this part is not high ($ph5.1{\sim}5.5$), therefore does not require liming.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.125-145
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• 2003

The core version of UDC(Universal Decimal Classification) is available in an electronic form called MRF(Master Reference File) which supports the maintenance of the quality of the scheme as a working tool for the UDCC(UDC Consortium) by annual reviewing its content and initiating revisions and extensions. In this paper, we discuss outcomes of our in-depth analysis of the geography, biography and history disciplines in UDC focused on the its evolutions and characteristics, including the common auxiliaries of place, the common auxiliaries of time and the common auxiliaries of race, ethnic grouping and nationality. Based on the in-depth analysis, we suggested some ideas which can be applied into the history class of KDC(Korean Decimal Classification). In particular, its principle of combination methods in the history of individual regions, the way of its assignment of physical geography and human geography in the same division, the possibilities of the extension of the table of geographical division and the adaptation of the table of chronological division in KDC.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.919-930
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• 2011

National highway is one of the social infrastructures that continue to be managed in order to serve their full functions. The national highway has been managed by the Pavement Management System (PMS) until now. The PMS manages the highway as a way of facility maintenance and maximizes the service life of the highway with minimum cost. The cost is evaluated mainly with a facility manager's perspective based on engineering judgment. People's needs of quality of life have been increased as their income level is rising and naturally the opinion of citizen as a taxpayer plays an important role in determining national policy. Therefore, the contentment of a user's perspective was the starting point of addressing these needs. The Level of Service began to be used as a measure for the evaluation of the user's perspective. In this thesis we would like to design an application and a data architecture for a pavement asset management system and to show how it meets the requirements of KTAM-40 Systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.192-204
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• 2011

With the international increasing of the important of oceanic researches related to climate changes, resources conservation and development and the advanced application of oceanic researches, advanced countries in ocean have developed the systematic management systems for oceanographic instruments. Despite the increasing realization of need for the establishment of management system, no systematic management system has been built in KOREA. There is an ungently need to construct the efficient and professional maintenance and management system of oceanographic instruments that are extremely expensive for meeting the increasing demands of oceanographic observation and investigation. In this paper, the present possession of oceanographic instruments in KOREA and the need for the establishment of management systems for oceanographic instruments are discussed. In addition, we introduce the total management system for oceanographic instruments using a RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) at KORDI and discuss the necessity of the introduction and establishment for producing high quality data in oceanic researches.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2002

The kernel of wastewater treatment by activated sludge is elimination of organic substances and maintenance of well-flocculated sludge sedimentation. By the conventional activated sludge treatment, the optimum F/M ratio of soybean wastewater treatment was 0.24 (kg-BOD/kg-MLVSS day) and sludge bulking was generated at 0.48 (kg-BOD/kg-MLVSS day). To improve the treatment capacity and operation quality in higher loading of soybean wastewater, influent pH was constantly controlled by 9.0 using NaOH as a coagulant agent. In this process, higher loading up to 2.88 (kg-BOD/kg-MLVSS day) was possible and SVI was maintained under 150 without bulking. This was equivalent to 7.2 times higher than maximum permissible load of the conventional activated sludge process.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.194-206
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• 2003

A pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of the pond system for further polishing of treatment wetland effluent to agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. The constructed wetland and pond system was installed in Konkuk University and the effluent from septic tank of school building was used as an influent to the wetland system. The effluent of the wetland was used as an influent to pond systems. The influent concentrations of total coliform(TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli were about $10^5$MPN/100 ml, and they were reduced to less than 10,000 MPN/100 ml on average after wetland treatments, showing over 95 % removal. And they were further reduced to less than 1,000 MPN/100 ml in average, showing over 85∼93 % removal after pond treatment. Turbidity and SS were improved effectively on average and their pond effluent concentration was about 4.5 NTU and 9.8 mg/L in average, respectively Average $BOD^5$ concentrations were also reduced substantially to 9.3 mg/L with about 83 % removal rate after wetland and pond treatment systems. Nutrients removal was relatively low and removal rate for T-N and T-P was less than 43 and 44%, respectively after wetland and pond treatment. Considering stable performance and effective removal of bacterial indicators as well as other water quality parameters, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, pond system was thought to be an effective and feasible alternative for agricultural reuse of reclaimed water. This paper describes a preliminary result Iron pilot study and further investigations are recommended on the optimum design parameters before full scale application.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2010

Nowadays, digital broadcasting providers have plan to extend their service area to 3D broadcasting without exchanging conventional system and equipments. The maintenance of backward compatibility to conventional 2D broadcasting system is very importance issue on digital broadcasting. To satisfy the requirement, highly-optimized MPEG-2 video encoder is essential for coding left-view and new video coding techniques having higher performance than MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 is needed for right-view since terrestrial broadcasting system has very limited and fixed bandwidth. In this paper, conventional video coding algorithms and new video coding algorithms are analyzed to present a capable solution for the best quality stereoscopic 3D broadcasting keeping backward compatibility within the bandwidth.