• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.480-488
• /
• 2018

Objective: Average daily gain (ADG) is an important target trait of pig breeding programs. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with ADG in the Duroc pig population. Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study involving 390 Duroc boars and by using the PorcineSNP60K Beadchip and two linear models. Results: After quality control, we detected 3,5971 SNPs, which included seven SNPs that are significantly associated with the ADG of pigs. We identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for ADG. These QTLs included four previously reported QTLs on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1, SSC5, SSC9, and SSC13, as well as two novel QTLs on SSC6 and SSC16. In addition, we selected six candidate genes (general transcription factor 3C polypeptide 5, high mobility group AT-hook 2, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1, pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4B, and ENSSSCG00000031548) associated with ADG on the basis of their physiological roles and positional information. These candidate genes are involved in skeletal muscle cell differentiation, diet-induced obesity, and nervous system development. Conclusion: This study contributes to the identification of the casual mutation that underlies QTLs associated with ADG and to future pig breeding programs based on marker-assisted selection. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the identified candidate genes in the physiological processes involved in ADG regulation.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.92-102
• /
• 2016

최근 대형 도시공원 조성 사례가 증가하고 있지만, 모든 공원에 대한 평가가 우수한 것은 아니다. '과연 그 이유는 무엇일까?' 이와 관련하여 사후평가에 주목한 연구들이 이뤄졌지만, 대부분 준공 후 이용자의 만족도와 행태분석 등에 치우쳐 실제 설계구현과정상에 있어온 문제점을 파악하는 데에는 한계가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 설계관계자들의 미시적이고도 주체적인 시선으로부터 현상설계 구현과정의 내부적 현상과 구조를 근거이론을 통해 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 현상설계의 기조를 견지함으로써 공원의 정체성과 차별성을 지켜낸 것은 공원의 완성도와 만족도에 크게 기여했는데, 이는 주로 발주처 공무원의 신뢰, 정책결정자의 의지, 시공업체의 역량 등으로부터 기인한 것이었다. 반면, 사회적 여건변화 등으로 인해 외부의 압력과 관계 주체가 개입한 설계변경요소도 발생한바, 이는 공원의 전체적 컨셉과 경관을 훼손하는 등 일부 부정적 요인을 발생케 하였다. 아울러 우수한 원형경관을 훼손한 후, 다시 예산을 투입하여 복원하는 등의 불합리한 시공과정도 나타났는데, 이에 대해서는 발주처 차원의 업무처리시스템의 개선이 요구된다고 하겠다. 이러한 점을 감안할 때, 공원조성 과정에서 '중재적 역할'은 매우 중요하며, 특히 기본방향의 유지측면에서는 PA와 운영위원회, 미시적 설계측면에서는 조경 디자인감리, 그리고 합리적 현장업무처리의 측면에서는 조경 전문성을 갖춘 현장소장이 각각 중요한 역할을 했던 것으로 파악된다. 설계자의 미시적 시선으로부터 근거이론을 활용한 본 연구는 대형공원 사후평가의 대안적 방법과 조성과정에서 야기되는 주요 영향인자를 구조적으로 살펴본 초기 연구로서의 의의를 가진다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.41-43
• /
• 2005

목적 : 자체 제작한 Q.A tool을 이용하여 AAPM Task Group Report No.66 에서 제시하는 CT simulator의 Q.A 항목을 확인하여 보다 안전하고 정확한 CT-simulation 과정을 확보하기 위해 효율적이고 편리성을 갖춘 정도관리 과정을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에 CT simulator의 Q.A tool을 제작하여 Report of the AAPM Task Group No.66에서 제시하는 wall laser system, patient table, CT scanner의 imaging plane의 isocenter간의 정렬을 일간 단위로 확인한다. 결과 : Report of the AAPM Task Group No.66에서 제시하고 있는 정도관리 항목의 확인으로 wall laser의 ${\pm}\;2mm$, table의 ${\pm}\;2mm$, imaging plane의 ${\pm}\;2mm$ 허용 오차 범위내의 측정치를 확인하였다. 결론 : 방사선 치료을 위한 CT-simulation 과정에서 기존의 진단 영역의 CT Q.A protocol로는 확인되지 않는 항목이 있는데, Report of the AAPM Task Group No.66에서 제시하고 있는 Q.A 항목을 확인하여 방사선 치료전용 CT-simulator 장비의 적절한 정도 관리를 기하여 안전하고 정확한 CT-simulation 과정을 보장받을 수 있었다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.794-802
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 프리지아 '이본느'를 가지고 매일 오후 5시에서 8시까지 150일 동안 LED(청색, 녹색, 적색, 청색:녹색:적색 혼합)광과 백열등, 메탈할라이드등으로 보광을 함으로써, 꽃눈분화 이후부터 개화가 완전히 종료될 때까지 광질에 따른 장일처리가 프리지아의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 엽분열기부터 화뢰형성기까지 초장은 광원별 장일처리에 의해 큰 변화는 없었고 엽수는 메탈할라이드등 처리에서 감소하는 경향이었으나 화뢰 발달기 때 엽 내 엽록소 함량은 메탈할라이드등에서 가장 높았다. LED 청색광과 녹색광에서 개화기가 빨랐는데 특히 녹색광 처리에서 가장 빨라 무처리와 메탈할라이드등에 비해 6-8일 정도 단축되었다. 포장 내 개화기간은 LED 적색광에서 가장 짧아 일시 수확에는 효과적이었다. 메탈할라이드 등에서 절화중, 소화의 길이와 폭 등 절화특성이 우수하였다. 구근의 특성을 조사한 결과 LED 적색광에서는 구폭과 구중이, 백열등 처리에서는 구고와 구중이 감소하였고, 구근 내 전분함량은 모든 시험구 사이에 특별한 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 개화촉진은 LED 녹색등에서 효과적이었고 개화품질은 메탈할라이드등 처리에서 우수하였다.

• 한국의사학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.189-248
• /
• 2001

In this essay, following final conclusions have been drawn by analyzing medical ideology and research system of Yi cheon in Yi hak yip mun("醫學入門"). Firstly, even though the existing medical history researchers are not noting the system of Yi-cheon's medical ideology, this essay has proved the man as a doctor who succeeded the (main system) based on the content of Yi-hak-yip-mun("醫學入門") by Ju-Dan-Gae(朱丹溪). The outline of this proof is as follows. 1. Those doctors who had actively researched in Myung era(明代), were basically taking over the medical studies and result of Gum-Won era(金元代). However, depending on whose theory is to be followed, the followers are largely divided into two groups of Ju-Dan-Gae Academics(丹溪學派) and On-Boe Academics(溫補學派). In addition, both Ju-Dan-Gae Academics(丹溪學派) and On-Boe Academics(溫補學派) hold contradictory ideologies to that of the main medical system. In Yi-hak-yip-mun("醫學入門"), Yi-cheon(李?) ties The Text of Whang-Jae-Nae-Kyung("黃帝內經"), Jang-Jung-Kyung(張仲景), Yu-Ha-Gun(劉河間), Yi-Dong-Won(李東垣), Ju-Dan-Gae(朱丹溪) into one pedigree. With regard to the main system, he especially marks Ju-Dan-Gae(朱丹溪) for his efforts in gathering various medical theories into a large compilement. 2. When Yi-Cheon(李?) was writing Yi-Hak-Yip-Mun("醫學入門"), he made references to various medical publishings, among those book which he had utilized, books by Ju-Dan-Gae Academics(丹溪學派) had affected him more than anything else in terms of both quality and quantity. 3. Yi-Cheon(李?)'s "Congested Phlegm Theory(痰鬱論)" had succeeded "Congested Phlegm Theory(痰鬱論) of Ju-Dan-Gae Academics(丹溪學派). His Yi-Hak-Yip-Mun("醫學入門"), carries a more complete form of "Congested Phlegm Theroy(痰鬱論) which was made into a more systemic and widely applicable method which was by Ju-Dan-Gae Academics(丹溪學派). Secondly, Yi-Hak-Yip-Mun("醫學入門"), is a medical book which was written in the process of systemic reorganization of medical theories of various academic parties in Myung 명 era. Since this process was hearing its completion in the period of Yi-Cheon(李?), he chose specific ways of reshuffling, whilst seeking ways to efficiently utilizing existing medical information . He provided a standard to specific ways. He rearranged the existing medical theories based upon these standards. He also contributed to clinical medicine by providing description of symptoms focused upon the symptoms differentiated In Conclusion, Yi-Hak-Yip-Mun("醫學入門") holds systematic medical information which was developed by Ju-Dan-Gae Academics(丹溪學派). Also, Yi-Cheon(李?) uniformly classified the clinical experiences of existing Ju-Dan-Gae Academics(丹溪學派). He had contributed in the clinical use of Ju-Dan-Gae Academic(丹溪學派)'s clinical experience by providing main points from differentiation of symptoms.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.289-297
• /
• 2000

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are major pathogens in community and hospital. And they sometimes cause the outbreak in hospital in the immunocompromised patients. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been regarded as a standard method for genotyping in epidemiologic studies, but it is laborious and time-consuming. Infrequent restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (IRS-PCR), a new genotyping methods, was performed to compare the applicability with PFGE. Methods: We performed PFGE and IRS-PCR on S. aurues (n=120) and E. coli (n=117) which were collected clinically in 4 different hospitals. We assessed each method in terms of discriminatory power, quality, and efficiency. Results: In E. coli, the discriminatory power of IRS-PCR was $46.7{\sim}86.7%$, and that of PFGE was $88.9{\sim}96.7%$ according to hospital. But in S. aurues, the discriminatory power of IRS-PCR was $20{\sim}56.7%$, and that of PFGE was $40{\sim}90%$ according to hospital. The typablity and reproducibility of IRS-PCR were 100% of each. PFGE needed four days to complete the procedure, but IRS-PCR could be performed within one day, IRS-PCR showed better resolution than PFGE. Conclusion: In case of gram negative bacteria (like E. coli), IRS-PCR could be a reliable alternative for epidemiologic typing due to better efficiency and comparable discriminatory power. But in the case of gram positive bacteria (like S. aureus), IRS-PCR does not seem to be suitable for the strain-to-strain differentiation. More trials and changes of restriction enzymes or primers could reveal the efficacy of IRS-PCR in the field of molecular typing.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2017

프리지아 '골드리치' 양액재배 시 적정 인공배지를 선발하기 위해 펄라이트, 펄라이트(1) + 피트모스(1) 혼합, 피트모스를 처리하였다. 꽃눈분화 전 초기 생육은 혼합배지와 피트모스 배지가 펄라이트 배지에 비해 초장이 길었고 엽수는 차이가 없었다. 엽내 무기이온 흡수비율과 엽록소 함량(SPAD value)은 처리별 큰 차이가 없었다. 개화소요일수는 혼합배지가 137일, 피트모스 배지는 143일, 펄라이트 배지는 150일로 가장 늦었다. 식물체 총 중량은 혼합배지에서 62.2g으로 펄라이트배지 보다 21.3g이 더 무거웠고, 초장은 혼합배지에서 96.6cm로 펄라이트 배지 보다 20cm가 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 소화수도 혼합배지가 14.4개로 가장 많았고 펄라이트 배지 보다 1.7개가 많았다. 프리지아 양액재배 시 적정 배지로는 생육 및 개화특성이 우수한 것으로 조사된 혼합(펄라이트 + 피트모스)배지로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.379-391
• /
• 2003

The present study was undertaken to evaluate bone regenerative capacity around titanium screw implants placed in irradiated rat's tibiae. At one week after single 15-Gy dose irradiation, miniaturized titanium screw implants were inserted into anterior aspect of the upper tibia of rats weighing 200-250g. Seventy rats were involved: 35 rats were control and 35 rats radiation group. The rats were killed at different intervals as 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks after implantation for histologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemical study with fibronectin and CD34 antibody. 1. Histologically, various stages of bone maturation and ossification can be seen at 4 weeks and regenerated bone close to edges demonstrates more advanced calcification, and network of new bone are well formed at 12 weeks in non-irradiated group. In contrast, active bone formation with increased contact of newly formed bone to implant surface was noted at 4 weeks and a significant amount of new bone formation and bone-implant contact is oberved at 12 weeks in irradiated group. 2. Histomorphometrical analysis confirmed these histologic findings. A significant difference in implant-bone contact and bone density was measured between the control and radiation group. Mean MBD was 62.2% in control group and 27.5% in radiation group, mean MBIC was 86.6% in control group and 47.7% in radiation group, and mean TBIC was 87.3% in control group and 45.6% in radiation group at 12 weeks after implantation. 3. In immunohistochemical study with fibronectin and CD34, radiation reduced hematopoietic progenitor cells severely and disturbed differentiation of osteoblast in bone marrow. The results of this study revealed bone healing capacity around implant after radiation therapy was severely impaired and irradiation reduces the capacity for osseointegration of titanium implants. Many factors including radiation dose, period between radiation and implantation, bone quality, time elapse between first and second surgery, type of prosthetics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy must be considered carefully in postradiation implantation.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.817-831
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 중진국 함정과 가치 사슬 분석을 결합하여 태국 동북부 지역의 사탕수수 산업에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 태국의 동북부 지방을 주목하는 것은 중진국 함정의 지리적인 차이에 대한 깊은 이해를 줄 수 있다. 연구의 실증적인 결과들은 설탕 산업과 관련된 정책 입안자들이 동북부 지방의 여러 문제점들에 주목해야 한다는 점을 보여주고 있다. 그 문제점들은 첫째, 현재의 규제 환경이 중개상의 역할을 충분히 고려하고 있지 않다. 둘째, 사탕 수수 재배 농민들은 현행 제도에 대한 정보를 충분히 알지 못한다. 셋째, 재배 농민들과 공장 설탕 공장 간의 불신이 존재한다. 넷째, 연구 개발 활동이 활발하지 않다. 다섯째, 농민 협회의 지원이 불충분하다. 여섯째, 노동력이 부족하다. 일곱째, 농민, 중개상, 그리고 설탕 공장이 스스로를 개선할 유인이 부족하다. 동남아시아의 농업 가치 사슬은 주로 빈곤한 농촌 지역에서 시작하는 경우가 많기에 정책 입안자들은 가치 사슬 내의 행위자들간의 균형을 맞추어야만 한다. 그러나 가치 사슬의 중간에 위치한 행위자(설탕 공장)과 도매상들의 강한 영향력 때문에 균형을 유지하는 것이 어렵다. 본 연구를 통해 밝혀진 점들은 소규모 자작농들이 행위자로 참여하는 동남 아시아의 여러 상위 가치 사슬과의 비교 자료로써 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.