• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.485-489
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• 2003

The region of Kochang(Chollabuk-Do) located in the west-southern area of the Korea and passed by the West Coast Expressway has the yellow collar soil(Hwang-To) primarily containing clay. Hwang-To serves as a soil appropriate for growing the watermelon and yam, but as a subgrade material not strong for constructing the roads. Particularly, the subgrade material of this study site was not qualified for the standard of the subgrade material quality. The properties of the subgrade layer showed that the strength of the subgrade material was not strong enough to sustain the subgrade strength in constructing the roads since the passing ratio of the No. 200 sieve was about 25％ to 82％ and the ground water level was early equal to subgrade one. Thus, the objective of this study was to present the methods obtaining the proper subgrade strength of cutting area to construct the secure and solid expressways in the fragile area.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1286-1294
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• 2011

This paper reviews the future directions and perspectives on the soil environmental researches in the 21 century. Previously, the principal emphasis of soil environmental researches had put on the enhancement of food and fiber productions. Beside the basic function of soil, however, the societal needs on soil resources in the 21st century have demands for several environmental and social challenges, occurring regionally or globally. Typical global issues with which soil science should deal include food security with increasing agronomic production to meet the exploding world population growth, adaptation and mitigation of climate change, increase of the carbon sequestration, supply of the biomass and bioenergy, securing the water resource and quality, protection of environmental pollution, enhancing the biodiversity and ecosystem health, and developing the sustainable farming/cropping system that improve the use efficiency of water and agricultural resources. These challenges can be solved through the sustainable crop production intensification (SCPI) or plant welfare concept in which soil plays a key role in solving the abovementioned global issues. Through implementation of either concept, soil science can fulfill the goal of the modern agriculture which is the sustainable production of crops while maintaining or enhancing the ecosystem function, quality and health. Therefore, directions of the future soil environmental researches should lie on valuing soil as an ecosystem services, translating research across both temporal and spatial scales, sharing and using data already available for other purposes, incorporating existing and new technologies from other disciplines, collaborating across discipline, and translating soil research into information for stakeholders and end users. Through the outcomes of these approaches, soil can enhance the productivity from the same confined land, increase profitability, conserve natural resource, reduce the negative impact on environment, enhance human nutrition and health, and enhance natural capital and the flow of ecosystem services. Soil is the central dogma, final frontier and new engine for the era of sustainability development in the $21^{st}$ century and thus soil environmental researches should be carried according to this main theme.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.527-530
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• 2014

DASH is a well-known streaming technology, which was proposed in 2010 by MPEG and standardized in 2011. Major multimedia contents service providers, including Apple, Microsoft, and Adobe are all using this technology to support their media streaming services. Whenever a new service is requested to the server, the DASH technology helps servicing the multimedia streaming to client by recognizing the capacity of network and by adapting the quality of the multimedia contents. In DASH, the quality of multimedia contents will be automatically lowered to meet the fluctuating network status, when undesirable breaks interrupt the network. In this paper, we classified and analysed the advantages and disadvantages of DASH researches in three aspects: bit-rate measurement method, bandwidth aggregation method; rate adaptation metrics, algorithms and logics; user's experiences and QoE.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 2021

Goal of this study is to introduce newly developed Oral Motor Facilitation Technique(OMFT), to identify effect of oral motor therapy on oral praxis and oral function of Down syndrome child. OMFT is comprehensive oral motor therapy for improving sensory adaptation, oral sensori-motor function, oral motor coordination of oro-facial structure by therapist's direct manual stroking. Subject was 10years old down syndrome boy. Treatment was practiced 8 times, 15minutes per time, from May to July, 2020. Oral praxis, drooling, quality of chewing ability were tested before and after treatments. Every single items of Oral Praxis Test was increased. Severity and frequency of drooling were decreased. Quality of chewing ability is improved. Through this case study, we can find the positive effect of OMFT on oral praxis, drooling, chewing ability of Down syndrome child.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1412-1422
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• 2022

The importance of interoperability between weapon systems is continuously increasing. Usually it is implemented by data exchange. The existence of information heterogeneities between systems decreases the efficiency and quality of the implementations enterprise-widely. Many other developed countries increase the efficiency and quality of the implementations by using information exchange model commonly. However, Korean military is still not aware of the importance and necessity of the model. This study explains the necessity of development and adaptation of the Korea command and control information exchange model(KC2IEM), and presents the methodology for the development of the model, and verifies and improves it through a prototype model development. The completion of the information exchange model could not be possible by academic research, therefore this study contributes as a motivation and a stepping stone for the following developments.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.745-765
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• 2009

The Eighteenth Century Shakespeare's Women Audiences: From Objects of Sexual Appetite to Ladies of Quality Abstract Younglim Han (Kyungpook National U) This paper aims to give an account of the eighteenth century Shakespeare's women audiences who marked a turning-point in the history of Shakespeare's popularity. The 1736 formation of the 'Shakespeare Ladies Club' as a leading group of the female audience encouraged the theater managers to perform more Shakespeare. Stage productions relied more than ever on the favorites of women audiences. The establishment of female patronage was associated with the popularity of Shakespeare's crossed-dressed comedies and actresses in 'breeches' part. The outstanding achievement of the Ladies was their contribution to the promotion of Shakespeare's status as an embodiment of British culture and the acknowledgement of the dignity of national literature. They were successful in securing the native sense of Shakespeare in place of Italian opera and Harlequin pantomime. The recognition of the national significance of Shakespeare led a campaign to erect his monument in Westminster Abbey. The female audience's claim to the respectable Shakespeare provided the stimulus for transforming his plays in the interests of family values such as marital duty and domestic morality. Marina (1738), George Lillo's adaptation of Pericles that was dedicated to the Ladies, was an exemplary case. The domestic versions of Shakespeare stressed the importance of women characters and the idealization of them. Thus the reception of Shakespeare in the eighteenth century was characteristic of formulating the women audiences-performers-characters association. The female yearning for a refined theater was a significant achievement, considering its influence on ways of establishing the canonical Shakespeare in the eighteenth century.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of mattress type on both objective and subjective sleep quality in healthy good sleepers. Methods: Fifteen healthy good sleepers with a mean age of 30.8 years participated in this study. A randomized crossover trial was carried out using two different mattress types: a standard mattress and a contour coil mattress. After a night of adaptation, all participants were randomized to either a standard mattress or a contour coil mattress. Then, nocturnal polysomnography was conducted for two consecutive nights. Subjective evaluations were obtained using a self-report questionnaire before and after the polysomnographic recording sessions. Results: The polysomnographic showed no differences in total sleep time, sleep stage, or wake time after sleep onset between the two mattress conditions. Of the polysomnographic variables, only sleep onset latency was significantly reduced for the contour coil mattress. Additionally, participants reported better subjective sleep quality when sleeping on the contour coil mattress, according to the questionnaires. Conclusion: The type of mattress might affect not only subjective, but also objective sleep quality, including sleep onset latency.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.873-876
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• 2016

Background: Studies of quality of life (QoL) of oncological patients is carried out using questionnaires approved in many international clinical studies. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer EORTC QLQ-C30 (Quality of Life Questionnary-Core 30) and its special brain cancer module EORTC QLQ-BN20 are widely used in the world neurooncologic practice. They are available in more than 80 official versions of 30 languages of the world. Previously we used the official versions in Russian, which often causes difficulty in understanding for native Kazakh language speakers, who comprise more than 60% of our respondents. This was the reason for creating a version of Kazakh language. Therefore, in 2014 for the first time the process of adaptation of questionnaires to the Kazakh language was initiated. Materials and Methods: The translation process of questionnaires to Kazakh language was held in accordance with the requirements of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer EORTC on QoL and consisted of the following stages: preparation - translation - pilot testing - approval. The official permission of authors and "Guideline on translation" was obtained which was developed by the working group of the EORTC on QoL. The pilot testing of EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 questionnaires was conducted on the basis of the Department of Central Nervous System Pathology of the "National Centre for Neurosurgery" in patients with malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Results: The official versions of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 questionnaires in Kazakh language were introduced and adapted in practical neurosurgical operations in Kazakhstan. Conclusions: The approved versions of the questionnaires in Kazakh language are now available for mainstream use on the official website EORTC.com. The versions of these questionnaires can be used in domestic cohort studies and clinical practice in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The use of these tools for assessing QoL will help professionals in the planning of individual treatment strategies and selection of the necessary therapy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.374-384
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• 2020

Two experiments were conducted to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn), and ileal digestible amino acid (AA) content of brown rice (BR) and to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of BR on laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. In Exp. 1, 72 Hy-line Brown layers (49-week-old) were allocated to two treatments using a completely randomized block design, and each treatment included six cages per treatment and six hens per cage. A semi-purified diet was formulated to include BR as the sole source of AA and energy and an N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous loss of AA. The hens were fed a commercial layer diet for adaptation to the experimental environment and diet for 7 days from d 0, and then fed experimental diets for 5 days from d 7. Excreta were collected from d 10 to 11 and ileal digesta were collected on d 12. On a dry matter (DM) basis, the AME and AMEn of BR was determined at 3,773 and 3,729 kcal/kg, respectively. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of BR ranged from 32.7% for Thr to 73.7% for Arg. The range of the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) value was between 79.4% for Met and 96.6% for Lys. In Exp. 2, 252 Hy-line Brown layers (44-week-old) were divided into four groups, comprising seven replicates of nine birds each and assigned to four experimental diets containing 0 (Control), 5%, 10%, or 15% BR for 5 weeks. The BR-containing diets were formulated to be equal in the content of AMEn and digestible AA to those of the diet without BR. No significant differences were observed in laying performances. Egg quality and blood profiles were not linearly or quadratically affected by dietary treatments. These results suggest that up to 15% BR can be included into layer feed without any adverse effects on laying performance and egg quality, if its energy and digestible AA values are well evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was carried out to breed and develop high quality and functional nutrient tomato with multi disease resistance as well as a stable growing adaptation for fresh market usage under protected plastic houses cultivation. The materials were used 5 inbred lines and their 6 hybrids of large tomato group, which have been bred and developed from 1999 to 2007 in Division of Plant Resource Department of Chungnam National University. Fruit weight showed hybrid vigor effect that $F_1$ hybrids weighed more than their parent lines, fruit shape formed three type of oblate, deep oblate and globe shape, in firmness and pericarp thickness have got a high significant correlation, inbred DN611 line was measured the most firm fruit with 6.04 mm pericarp thickness. In fruit color at maturity, pink color crossed to red color appeared all red fruit color in the $F_1$ hybrids, it means red skin color is a dominant gene compared to pink skin color is a recessive gene in tomato, while between fruit skin color and shoulder part color showed no any co-relationship. The sugar content and titratable acid of $F_1$ hybrids inherited an intermediate data of their parent lines, the flavor of KP543 inbred line and the hybrid (JB535 x KP543) revealed the better taste with high brix and proper titratable acid content$^{*}$. In beta carotene content DN611 line showed 2~3 times higher than other materials so that its 3 hybrids contained an increased level of beta carotene, lycopene content was not so much difference among inbred lines and $F_1$ hybrids, of them MD508 contained higher of 8.72 mg and hybrid (JB535 x JA517) had 8.05 mg lycopene content per 100 g fruit, overall pink skin color and red skin color measured a higher lycopene content than yellow and orange skin color at ripe stage. In disease resistance test by PCR marker for Fusarium race2 (I2), Nematode (Mi1), ToMV ($Tm2^2$), Cladosporium (Cf9), (JB535 x JA517) hybrid have got multi-resistance with homozygote band in Nematode, ToMV, Cladosporium and heterozygote band in Fusarium race2. Through this breeding program we could select high quality and functional nutrient with multi resistant $F_1$ hybrids and inbred lines in tomato which are two best hybrids (JB535 x MD508), (JB535 x JA517), additionally developed high beta carotene inbred line DN611 and increased the level of lycopene inbred line MD508. These results will be very useful to make a high quality tomato variety continuously.