• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the buffer index curve as a criterion of silage quality evaluation. The buffer index (or buffer capacity, $\beta$) value is the amount of 0.1N NaOH consumed in titrating from the beginning to the end of the chosen pH step. This value equals the slope of the titration curve at the chosen pH range (${\beta}={\Delta}NaOH/{\Delta}pH$). There were two patterns of buffer index curve. Poorly preserved silages had a peak at pH 5.0, whereas with well preserved silages the peaks tended to rise to the pH 3.75 or 4.00. Well preserved, wilted silages with high pH also appeared to have peak values at pH 3.75 or 4.00. There was a high positive correlationship between the concentration of lactic acid and peak value of good quality silage (r = 0.994, p < 0.01). Also a high positive correlationship (r = 0.899, p < 0.001) was found between the sums of concentration of acetic and butyric acids and the peak values of poor quality silages. The results of these experiments verified the value of the buffer index method as a criterion of silage quality evaluation.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.133-147
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• 2004

전북 군산 및 부안 지역을 중심으로 이루어지는 새만금간척공사 수역과 그 주변 해역의 수질 및 저질 분포 특성을 구명하기 위하여 2001년 9월에 총 101개 퇴적물 시료와 69개의 해수 시료를 채취, 분석하였다. 주요 수질 항목별 평균 및 표준편차는 수온 $25.51{\pm}0.68^{\circ}C$, 염분 $29.88{\pm}5.01psu$, COD $1.40{\pm}0.78mg/L$, 용존무기질소 (DIN) $0.352{\pm}0.417mg/L$, 그리고 인산인 $0.027{\pm}0.023mg/L$ 이었다. 영양염류 및 COD는 동진강 및 만경강 하구에서 매우 높은 농도를 보였으며, 곰소만과 새만금 입구 수역은 매우 낮은 값을 보였다. COD, 영양염류 농도 및 N/P 등은 염분과 유의적 역상관관계를 보였으며, 이는 대부분의 오염 물질이 육상 기원임을 시사하였다. 주성분 분석에 의한 수질 분포 역시 새만금 수역으로 유입되는 지류에서 높은 영양염류 및 유기물 농도를 보여 타 수역에 비하여 수질오염도가 높았다. 퇴적물의 경우 주요 중금속류 및 일반저질항목별 농도는 알루미늄 $2.28{\pm}0.92%$, 카드뮴 $0.61{\pm}0.27ppm$, 구리 $8.95{\pm}4.06ppm$, 철 $1.19{\pm}0.37%$, 망간 $182.31{\pm}77.45ppm$, 니켈 $10.83{\pm}4.97ppm$, 납 $15.20{\pm}4.35ppm$, 아연 $41.34{\pm}34.62ppm$, COD $2.68{\pm}1.85mg/g\;dry$, AVS $0.04{\pm}0.08mg/g\;dry$, 강열감량 $1.29{\pm}1.08%$, 함수율 $24.11{\pm}4.49%$, 총질소 $0.02{\pm}0.02%$ 그리고 총탄소 $0.22{\pm}0.30%$ 이었다. 저질의 공간 분포 특성은 수질처럼 명확하지는 않았으나, 금강하구 수역에서 전반적으로 높은 농도를 보였다. 저질 항목별 상관관계는 중금속과 유기물함량 간에 유의적 관계가 있었으며 (p<0.05), 퇴적물내의 농축비 (enrichment factor)가 대부분 수역에서 1-2의 범위를 보여 중금속의 외부 유입이 심각하지 않은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 퇴적물 내의 중금속 농도 역시 일반적인 해양 퇴적물에서 검출되는 범위 이내로 새만금 및 주변 수역의 저질 상태는 매우 양호한 것으로 판단된다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.741-757
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to develop an instrument to be used for measuring the concept of quality of life of Korean patients with cancer multidimensionary and correctly. It can contribute in holistic nursing care for Korean cancer patients and also provide and validate basic data to help oncology nurses measure the outcome of nursing intervention correctly. To develop this instrument, the researchers first estabilished a conceptual framework based on the results of qualitative data analysis and indepth interview method Development of the scale was conducted using a method in which 31 items were assessed by subjects' self report using linear analogue scales. The subjects were 79 D.M. patients, 103 patients with acute illness, and 91 cancer patients residing in Busan, Korea. Data were collected during the period from July, 24 to August 14, 2000. This instrument consisted of 31 items with a self report scale. This instrument covered 4 dimensions of cancer patients : 1) physical wellbeing 2) psychological wellbeing 3) social wellbeing and 4)spiritual wellbeing. Each item had a possible score of 10. The reliability of the scale was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Validity was evaluated by examining the relationships of this scale, Youn's Quality of Life Questionnare scores and the Simple Quality of Life scale. Two separate runs of multiple regression were used to predict scores on the Simple Quality of Life measurement. Further validation was obtained by examining the correlation between the instrument subscores and Youn's Quality of Life measurement subscore for convergence of this scale. Examination of the discriminant. power of the instrument was done using ANOVA test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The reliability of the instrument for the quality of life was 0.8321(Cronbach's alpha.), physical wellbeing dimension 0.6343, psychological wellbeing dimension 0.6501, spiritual wellbeing dimension 0.5883. 2. This instrument had a high correlation with Youn's Quality of Life measurement(r= 0.636) in cancer patients, whereas it had a low correlation with Simple Quality of Life measurement(r=0.455) in cancer patients. In the D.M. patients, the instrument correlated with both the Youn's Quality of Life measurement and Simple Quality of life measurement(r=0.313, r= 0.407) and in the acute stage patients, the instrument had no correlation. 3. Multiple regression of individual items on the Simple Quality of Life scores accounted for 56.8% of the variance in the Simple Quality of Life measurement, whereas, Youn's Quality of Life measurement scores accounts for 31.7%. 4. The correlations collected from the three group had the same patterns of variations but especially the instrument developed in this study had higher disciminant power than that of Youn's Quality of Life Measurement.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the water quality of agricutural reservoirs in Chonbuk Province. The water quality of 189 agricultural reservoirs was surveyed in the environmental standard phase of pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, etc. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The levels of mean reservoir storage were very low as 26.9% in January and February, 29.4% in June, 16.0% in August, and 25.4% as a whole. 2. The water qualities of agricultural reservoirs were shown to be in the average of 6.8in pH, 0.2l0mmhos/cm in EC, 49.Oppm in turbidity, 28.5mg/$\ell$in SS, 3.79mg/$\ell$ in DO, 9. 9mg/$\ell$ in COD, 5.Smg/$\ell$ in BOD, 0.179mg/ $\ell$ in T-P, 4.O9mg/$\ell$ in T-N, 0.416meq/$\ell$ in Na, 0.154meq/$\ell$ in K, 0.320meq/$\ell$ in Ca, 0.166meq/$\ell$ in Mg, respectively. 3. In the analyzed results, the proper counterplan is desirable to be considered because the levels of water quality in most items except DO were comparatively higher than the limit points of agricultural water quality standard.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study to measure the quality of life of those who suffer from breast cancer and take the chemotherapy. Method: The Subjects were 70 breast cancer patients who took the chemotherapy from September 2 to October 31, 2003. Quality of life was measured by Ferrell's measurements. Result: Quality of life indicators were spiritual domain=6.44, physical domain=5.45, social domain=4.15, and mental domain=3. 95. Whole quality of life was 4. 68 out of 10 points. The quality of life of those with a practicing religion was significantly higher than those without(F=3.88, P=0.026). Subjects who were less than 2 months post-operation had higher points in the physical domain than those who were more than 2 months post-operation (t= 2.76, p=0.007). Subjects who had less than 4 treatments of chemotherapy had higher points in the physical domain than those who had more than 4 treatments of chemotherapy (t=2.03, p=0.046). Conclusion: The results of this study serve as a meaningful source to promote quality of life of breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy. The results can also be applied to the development of education programs and counseling materials for chemotherapy patients. Health care strategy can also raise the quality of life of brest cancer patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1986

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of family environment on the dietary quality of adolescence. The subjected were 390 girls aged from 13 to 19 and their mothers in Chung-Nam province area. The survey was conducted from Febril 6 to 16, 1985. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1) The mean dietary score of nutrient adequacy of subjects was 11.85 out of possible 17, which showed that all nutrients intake might be lower than the R.D.A. 2) According to resident place, dietary quality was tended to be better in order of rural place, small city and medium city 9P<0.01). 3) In smaller numbers of family members, dietary quality was tended to be better (P<0.01). 4) Family pattern did not affect the dietary quality. 5) According to socioeconomic status, dietary quality was tended to be better at the upper class(P<0.05). 6) Dietary quality was tended to be better according to the increase of PCEF(per capita expenditure for food). 7) Mother's employment was likely to improve the dietary quality (P<0.01). 8) Dietary quality was tended to be better according to mother's favored attitude toward nutrition(P<0.01). 9) Mother's attitude toward taste affected the dietary quality, but this effect was not constant(P<0.01). 10) Mother's attitude toward family's food preference affected the dietary quality adversely (P<0.01). 11) Mother's score of nutrition knowledge was likely to affect the dietary quality. 12) Dietary quality was positively correlated to health status of subjects. And there was a significantly negative correlation between dietary quality and menarcheal age (P<0.01).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2008

본 연구는 시판중인 브랜드 한우고기의 연도 조사를 위하여 13개 브랜드 한우고기 판매점에서 3개 등급(육질 $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1등급)과 8개 소분할 부위별로 구입한 한우고기의 전단력을 분석하였다. 브랜드 한우고기 육질 $1^{++}$ 등급, $1^+$ 등급, 1등급의 숙성기간 분포비율은 7일 미만이 37.5, 45.8, 36.4% 였고, 7일-13일이 26.6, 47.2, 36.4%였으며, 14일-20일이 31.3, 4.2, 25.8%였다. 브랜드 한우고기 판매장의 냉장고 온도는 평균 $2.27-2.42^{\circ}C$ 범위였다. 안삼실, 윗등심살, 채끝살, 도가니살과 홍두께살에서 육질 $1^{++}$등급이 육질 1 등급보다 연하였다(p<0.05). 브랜드 한우고기 육질 $1^{++}$ 등급, $1^+$ 등급, 1 등급의 소분할 부위 중 안심살의 전단력가가 각각 2.56, 2.76, 3.10 kg로 가장 연하였고, 각 육질등급에서 도가니살이 4.76 kg,홍두께살이 4.96 kg, 보섭살이 5.66 kg로 가장 질긴 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 육질 $1^{++}$ 등급의 브랜드 한우고기 소분할 부위에서 전단력가 3.9 kg 이하의 분포비율은 안심살과 채끝살이 100%, 윗등심살과 보섭살이 각각 87.5, 62.5%인 반면 전단력가 4.6 kg 이상 분포비율은 흥두께살과 도가니살이 각각 50%였다. 육질 $1^+$ 등급의 브랜드 한우고기 소분할 부위에서 전단력가 3.9 kg 이하 분포비율이 안심살과 윗등심살이 100%, 채끝살과 꾸리살이 각각 44.4%였고, 전단력가 4.6 kg 이상 분포비율은 홍두께살, 도가니살, 보섭살이 각각 66.7, 55.6, 44.4%를 차지하였다. 육질 1등급의 브랜드 한우고기 소분할 부위에서 전단력가 3.9 kg 이하 분포비율은 안심살과 채끝살, 윗등심살이 각각 88.9, 62.5, 44.4%인 반면에 전단력가 4.6 kg 이상 분포비율은 도가니살이 100.0%, 홍두께살, 꾸리살, 뭉치사태가 각각 62.5, 62.5, 55.6%로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 시판 브랜드 한우고기는 숙성기간이 짧고, 전단력가 4.6 kg 이상 분포비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression, anxiety, self care behavior and quality of life in cancer patients. Methods: Two thousand and eighty three abstracts were identified through six electronic databases (1980 to June 2012) in Korea. Seventeen studies involving 679 participants met the inclusion criteria for meta analysis. Two authors independently assessed trial quality by Cochrane's Risk of Bias and Methodological Items for Non Randomized Studies and extracted data. The data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.2 program of Cochrane library. Results: Overall, study quality was moderate to high. CBT was conducted for a mean of 4.2 weeks, 7 sessions and an average of 36.1-minutes per session. CBT was effective for depression (d=-0.85; 95% CI=-1.09, -0.61), anxiety (d=-0.52; 95% CI=-0.75, -0.29), self care behavior (d=-1.34; 95% CI=-1.93, -0.74), and quality of life (d=-0.42; 95% CI=-0.80, -0.04). Publication bias was not detected as evaluated by funnel plot and Egger's test. Conclusion: CBT has small to large effects on depression, anxiety, self care and quality of life. These finding suggests that various CBT interventions can assist cancer patients in reducing emotional distress and improving self care and quality of life.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2017

Background: To compare the quality of life (QoL), the convenience of chemotherapy and satisfaction between colon cancer patients treated with FOLFOX4 and XELOX. Methods: The study was conducted in 26 patients with stage III colon cancer. Patients were received FOLFOX4 (n=17) or XELOX (n=9). QoL, convenience, and satisfaction were assessed using the Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (QLQ-C30), Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral neuropathy (QLQ-CIPN) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Chemotherapy Convenience and Satisfaction Questionnaire (FACIT-CCSQ), respectively. Patients completed questionnaires at baseline, at cycle 4 (C4) and cycle 8 (C8) (FOLFOX4) or at cycle 3 (C3) and cycle 6 (C6) visits (XELOX) and at their final visit. Results: In the QLQ-C30, at the final visit, XELOX patients had better functional scores than FOLFOX4 patients (physical: 85.7 vs.60.4, p=0.03; role: 83.3 vs. 57.5, p=0.04) as well as better symptom scores (constipation: 9.5 vs. 40.4, p=0.01). In CIPN, at the C6/C8 visit, XELOX patients had lower motor scale scores than FOLFOX4 patients (3.8 vs. 21.6, p=0.02). Moreover, at the C6/C8 visit, XELOX was more convenient than FOLFOX4 in FACIT-CCSQ (79.7 vs. 55.5, p=0.04). Male patients were especially likely to consider XELOX to be more convenient (90.0 vs. 55.0, p=0.01) and satisfactory (55.4 vs. 26.2, p=0.03) and fewer concern (91.0 vs. 65.0, p=0.03) than FOLFOX4. XELOX patients spent fewer days on hospital visits at C3/C4, C6/C8 and final visit (2.8 vs. 4.2, p=0.01; 2.7 vs. 4.1, p=0.01; 3.0 vs. 4.5, p=0.01). Conclusion: XELOX may be a better adjuvant chemotherapy choice for patients with colon cancer than FOLFOX4 in terms of QoL, convenience, and satisfaction.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2007

낙동강수계내 농촌유역의 토지이용 및 수질특성과의 관련성을 파악하기 위해서, 주요 농촌 소유역 중소하천 72지점을 대상으로 2001년, 2003년, 2005년의 수질을 각 년 3회씩 각 유역별로 조사하였다. 또한 유역의 오염현황과 유역특성과의 관계도 분석하고자 하였다. 낙동강 상류의 수질은 EC의 경우, $0.040\sim0.510$ dS/m, DO는 $3.55\sim22.60$ mg/L, T-N이 $0.32\sim16.64$ mg/L, $NO_3-N$은 $0.00\sim12.21$ mg/L, T-P는 $0.000\sim0.860$ mg/L, $PO_4-P$는 $0.000\sim0.640$ mg/L로 조사되었고 하류의 수질은 EC의 경우, $0.030\sim0.520$ dS/m, DO는 $4.13\sim18.36$ mg/L, T-N이 $0.38\sim26.88$ mg/L, $NO_3-N$은 $0.10\sim20.12$ mg/L, T-P는 $0.002\sim0.820$ mg/L, $PO_4-P$는 $0.00\sim0.690$ mg/L로 조사되어 소유역별 수질은 큰 차이는 없었지만 전반적인 경향은 낙동강 상류지역의 소유역에서 유출되는 오염도가 하류지역의 소유역보다 높게 조사되었다. 수질과 토지이용의 점유율과의 상관관계는 BOD와 시가화가 0.541(p<0.01)로 가장 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였고, $PO_4-P$가 산림과 -0.451(p<0.01)로 가장 낮은 음의 상관관계를 보였다. T-N, $NO_3-N$, pH는 모든 유역 특성과 유의성이 없었고 수역은 모든 수질 항목과 유의성이 없었다. 또한 시가화는 T-N, $NO_3-N$, pH을 제외한 모든 수질 항목에서 유의수준 1%이내로 양의 상관관계를 나타내어 수질 악화의 원인으로 작용하였고 산림의 경우 대부분의 수질과 음의 상관관계를 보여 수질 개선의 요인으로 작용하였다.