• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1995

Primary health care(PHC) has been established since A Health Law for rural residents has been legislated in 1980 following the WHO declaration, 'Health for All 2000'. in 1978. PHC services are presently assumed to be provided by 2038 Community Health Practitioners(CHP) to about 28% out of rural population in Korea. Most CHPs have confronted the adaptation process to the community being practiced although a CHP's role is to evoke community participation for the improvement of their health by themselves. So the purpose of this study is to describe and explain of the commitment of CHPs into the community. Data were collected by direct interview and tape-recording under subjects' permission till theoretical saturation were occured from 6 CHPs. The subjects were 41 years old and have served in the community for 9 years in average. Main questions and concepts were explored from data according to the procedure of the grounded theory methodology. The results are as follows. 1) The number of the main concepts were twenty four that identified Motive, Desire, Personal characteristics, Unfamiliarity, Denial, Feeling of isolation, Self-sacrifice, Kindness, Patience, Assimilation, Respect for the residents, Support by the family, Support by the residents, Achievement, Acceptance of realities, Use of resources, Inducement of cooperation from the residents, Changes of the difference from time orientation between CHP and residents, Attitude as a official, Technical support, Cost management, Satisfaction level, Acknowledgement by the residents and discrepancy. 2) The twenty four concepts were categorized to seven groups such as Motivation, Feeling of Heterogeneity, Self-discipline, Social support, Induced changes in the attitudes of residents, Familarity and Persistent discrepancy. 3) The categorized groups were analyzed on the base of the Causal Conditions, Central Phenomena, Contexts, Intervening Conditions, Action / Interaction Strategies, and Consequences. Central phenomenon in this study was identified to be the feeling of heterogeneity. Community health practitioners experienced unfamiliarity and denial from the community and felt themselves isolated in the first. In time, they won the trust of residents by their efforts including self-sacrifice, kindness, patience, and assimilation. Afterward, practitioners got self-confidence and familiarity with lesser feeling of heterogeneity. Nevertheless, practitioners could not commit themselves completely because of the persistent discrepancy between CHP and residents. 4) On the commitment process, the CHPs' feeling of heterogeneity were decresed and social support increesed and newly evolved induced change of residents through the continuous interaction between CHP and them The contribution of this study would be concluded as follows. 1) It is expected that effective strategies for more rapid committment into the community can be developed based on this study. 2) More easy committment would be possible for the newly appointed CHP through understanding of the committment process identified on this study.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2010

This study was conducted to derive useful predictive variations for the qualitative supply of homes to provide information to real estate venture businesses and other business owners in neighborhood amenities and significant basic information to housing suppliers and policy makers. For this purpose, a number of apartment dwellers in Seoul were surveyed to examine their housing satisfaction, difference in housing satisfaction according to variables, and any relevant correlations. In detail, 500 apartment dwellers in Seoul were surveyed from September 1, 2009 to September 20, 2009 to gather resources that were processed through SPSS 14.0 to find percentage of frequency, mean, standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan Multiple Ranger's Test. The following were the findings of this study: First, housing satisfaction of apartment dwellers in Seoul was above average with the highest satisfaction with neighborhood environment. Second, satisfaction with amenities was significantly affected by dweller-related variables. Gangnam dwellers were more satisfied with housing environment and community environment than Gangbuk dwellers. By age, people in 20s and 30s showed high satisfaction with housing environment. Satisfaction with community environment was high among 20s, 30s and 40s. Satisfaction with management conditions was high among 20s. Also, satisfaction was high when housing period was between 1 and 10 years. By size, dwellers in 40py or larger homes showed high satisfaction with housing environment and management conditions. Dwellers in 30py and 40py or larger homes were satisfied with community environment. By ownership, dwellers with ownership of their homes showed high satisfaction. Third, there was a significant difference in satisfaction with neighborhood and social environments according to dweller-related variables. By region, dwellers of Gangnam area showed high satisfaction with neighborhood environment. By age, people in 20s, 30s and 40s showed high satisfaction with neighborhood environment. Also, satisfaction with neighborhood environment was high when housing period was around 10 years. By size, dwellers in 30py and 40py or larger homes were satisfied with neighborhood and social environments. Fourth, there was a close correlation between satisfaction with housing environment and satisfaction with community environment, and between satisfaction with community environment and satisfaction with management conditions. Thus, most dwellers that were satisfied with one variable of housing environment showed high satisfaction with other variables.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7414-7423
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• 2015

인지-언어 능력에 대한 노인들의 주관적 호소는 경도인지장애나 치매로의 진전을 예측하는 중요 요인이다. 그러나, 인지-언어 능력의 주 객관적 평가 간 상관성은 연구마다 상이하다. 특히, 양자 간 상관성을 체계적으로 살펴본 국내 연구는 매우 드물다. 본 연구에서는 2000년 이후 게재된 국내외 문헌 중 총 26개 논문을 대상으로 메타분석을 실시함으로써 정상 노년층, MCI, 치매 집단의 자기 보고형 및 정보제공자 보고형 평가와 객관적 평가 간 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 질적 분석 결과, 분석에 포함된 연구 대상자의 수는 26~657명이었다. 주관적 평가의 유형은 자기 보고형 75.4%, 정보제공자 보고형 24.6%였으며, 객관적 평가의 하위 영역은 기억력, 전반적 인지능력, 언어능력 등의 순으로 많았다. 메타분석 결과, 자기 보고형 평가와 객관적 평가 간 상관성은 치매 집단이 가장 높았고, 정보제공자 보고형은 세 집단 모두에서 효과적이었다. 객관적 평가의 하위 영역별로는, 정상 노년층에서 자기 보고형과 추론력, 정보제공자 보고형과 기억력 및 언어능력 간에 상관성이 높았다. MCI에서는 자기 보고형과 언어능력 등, 정보제공자 보고형과 전반적 인지능력 등의 영역 간에 높은 상관성이 있었고, 치매 집단에서는 두 유형 모두 기억력, 언어능력, 전반적 인지능력을 잘 반영하였다. 본 연구는 세 집단의 인지-언어 능력에 대한 두 유형의 주관적 평가와 객관적 평가 간 상관성을 체계적으로 분석함으로써 증거 기반적 자료를 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2013

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) developed into sperms through spermatogenesis have been utilized as a useful tool in the field of regenerative medicine and infertility. However, a small number of highly qualified SSCs are resided in the seminiferous tubule of testis, resulted in developing effective in-vitro culture system of SSCs for solving simultaneously quantitative and qualitative problems. Presently, SSCs can be enriched on testicular stromal cells (TSCs), but there are no systematic researches about TSC culture. Therefore, we tried to optimize culture condition of TSCs derived from mouse with different strains. For these, proliferation and viability were measured and compared by culturing ICR outbred or DBA/2 inbred mouse-derived TSCs at 35 or $37^{\circ}C$. In case of ICR strain, primary TSCs cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ showed significantly higher proliferation and viability than those at $35^{\circ}C$ and significant increase of proliferation and viability in sub-passaged TSCs was detected in the $35^{\circ}C$ culture condition. Moreover, sub-passage of primary TSCs at $35^{\circ}C$ induced no significant effects on proliferation and viability. In contrast, in case of DBA/2 strain, significantly improved proliferation were detected in the primary TSCs cultured at $35^{\circ}C$, which showed no significant difference in the viability, compared to those at $37^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, sub-passaged TSCs cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ showed no significant differences in proliferation and viability, compared to those at $35^{\circ}C$. However, with significant decrease of proliferation induced by sub-passage of primary TSCs at $35^{\circ}C$, no significant effects on proliferation and viability were resulted from sub-passage of primary TSCs at $37^{\circ}C$. From these results, culture temperature of primary TSCs derived from outbred and inbred strain of mouse could be separately optimized in primary culture and subculture.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1999

1995년 시작된 교육개혁이후 국내의 대학들은 설립이래 가장 큰 위기를 맞고 있다. 대학 설립이 자유로워지고 외국 교육기관의 국내 시장 진출이 가능해졌으며 무엇보다도 핵가족화에 따른 인구자연감소로 2003년에는 대학의 모집인원이 지원하는 학생 수보다도 더 많아지게 됐다. 이미 지방의 경쟁력이 없는 대학에서는 정원 미달이란 초유의 사태가 벌어지고 있으며 무사안일과 보수적 성향에 있었던 대학들은 이제 개혁과 변화의 물결에서 벗어날 수 없게 되었다. 2년제 포함 300여 개가 넘는 대학의 수는 서로를 경쟁의 상대로 느끼기 시작했으며 각 대학들은 이 치열한 경쟁의 해결책으로 광고 마케팅을 인식하고 본격적인 광고활동을 벌이고 있다. 양적으로 급작스럽게 커지고 있는 대학광고는 그 질적인 수준이라 할 수 있는 크리에이티브 전략에서는 기업광고나 제품광고에 비해 많이 뒤쳐져 있다. 본 연구를 통해 대학광고 특성을 파악하고 집행된 대학광고물의 표현전략으로서의 크리에이티브를 분석, 효과적인 표현전략을 제시하고자 한다. 대학이 가지는 공공성의 특성 때문에 일반 기업광고의 상업적인 차원과는 다른 접근이 필요하며 기존의 모집 공고형태의 수동적인 자세에서 이미지 홍보형태의 적극적인 표현전략이 요구된다. 이러한 효과적이고 적극적인 표현전략을 통해 수험생을 1차적 타켓오디언스로 하는 대학광고의 소비자들에게 대학선택의 기회를 제공할 뿐 아니라 미래의 잠재적 고객인 초·중학생 또는 일반인에게도 긍정적이고 적극적인 이미지를 주입시켜 효과적인 커뮤니케이션을 가능케 할 것이다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

In the latter half of the Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty, the medical world was encountering a great change. It is said that a large stream between the first half and the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty was a qualitative transition from official relationships to private relationships, that is, from adjustments by governmental power to contractual relationships between individuals. Doctors who can be said to be the core of the medical world became to be left in severer competition. The fact that the number of people engaged in medical practice increased to the extent that doctors had to compete with each other implies that not only demand for medical care was increasing but also that medical care was becoming social service that must be shared by all people in the Joseon Dynasty rather than by small numbers of men of power. Anyway, it seems like that, in the competition that was becoming fiercer, they tried to establish their authority in diverse methods unlike before. As an authority to determine the social positions of doctors in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty, the government was still occupying an important position, but doctors tried to show off their medical techniques utilizing excellent teachers or books. Meanwhile, they were making efforts to improve treating skills and thereby they were contributing to the development of medical techniques although they were sometimes criticised because of radical treatment or fierce drugs. In this process, it seems like that some doctors made efforts to establish the social meaning of medicine and their identity. In the short dialogue with Hong Yangho(洪良浩), Cho Gwangil(趙光一) was presenting the image of doctors as active and subjective beings. Pointing out the fact that in the society where feudal position systems were still impregnable, even the Confucian scholars who could be considered as a leading group could not but be passive in front of the sovereign power, he emphasized the fact that doctors could practice treatment as they liked. In that he re-discovered the meaning of treating people's diseases as a professional intellectual and that he was forming a subjective sense that medical techniques are active self expression, it can be carefully said that Cho Gwangil was obtaining his identity as a doctor. In the society in the Joseon Dynasty where the position systems were still valid and the value system under Neo-confucianism(性理學) supporting the system was impregnable, this change can be thought to be small yet quite meaningful.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제8권
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• pp.183-207
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• 1981

Library standards have been the source of considerable controversy, whereas many problems are involved in developing stardard for university library collections. For evaluation purposes, standards should be precise, quantifiable and measurable. In the United States, however, standards for academic libraries are limited to qualitative statements and principles. Quantitative standards, when given, are ususally related to the number of population in the institution being served, or the prescribed quantitative objectives are often arbitrarily formulated by value judgements. The study in this paper attempts to explain the problems involved in developing quantitative standard for academic library collections. Two problems facing in the formulation of the optimal size of collection are identified. One is the theoretically faulty concept of adequacy of collection to meet the situations of diversity of university libraies, and the other is the difficulties in quantification and measurement, along with the lack of concept of adequacy of collection. However, quantification of adequate size of collection is proved to be useful on the pratical level, even though not valid theoretically. ACRL, Clapp/Jordan and Voigt developed formulas or models for setting the optimal size of a library collection for any particular university library. The main purpose of this study is the analysis of the above formulas. ACRL standard was drawn from obervation and analysis of statistcs in leading library collections. In academic field, this judgement appears to have been based on the assumption that a high-grade institution would be apt to have a good library collection. This study criticizes ACRL standard for its failure to include some determinants of measurements, and points out the limitations of the standard. In contrast. Clapp/Jordan developed a formula rather scientifically based upon bibliographical sources. This is similarly empirical but has the advantage of bringing into play the elements which make universities diverse in nature. Both ACRL and Clapp/Jordan formulas share two major defects. (1) the specific subject needs of the collection are not indiacted directly, and (2) percentage rate of growth is an indicator in measuring the potential utility of a collection. Thus both formulas failed to provide a basis for meaningful evaluation. Voigt further developed a model for determining acquisition rates for currently published materials based on bibliographic technique. Voigt model encourages experimentation with different programs and different allocations of input resources, designed to meet the needs of the library's particular population. Standard for university library collections can be formulated in terms of input(traditional indicator), or additionally, in terms of output(cost-effectiveness). Cost effectiveness is expressed as user satisfaction, ability to provide wanted materials within a reasonable time period. Thus simple quantitative method does not cover all the situations of diversity of university library collections, nor measures the effectiveness of collections. Valid standard could not be established without further research.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.684-693
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• 2017

본 연구는 강원도 원주시에 위치한 원주천의 현재의 어류상을 파악하고, 과거와 현재의 변화를 통하여 하천 건강성을 평가하고자 하였다. 현지조사는 2015년 5월부터 2016년 9월까지 총 4회 조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 총 9과 27종 5,201개체가 출현하였으며, 피라미(Zacco platypus)가 우점하고, 돌고기(Pungtungia herzi)가 아우점한 것으로 나타났다. 한국고유종은 총 8종으로 고유종 빈도는 16.54%로 분석되었다. 군집분석 결과 평균 우점도지수는 0.72 (${\pm}0.10$), 다양도지수는 1.37 (${\pm}0.32$), 균등도지수 0.61 (${\pm}0.13$), 풍부도지수 1.70 (${\pm}0.23$)으로 분석되었다. 내성도 길드 분석 결과 중간종의 개체수 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 섭식도 길드 분석 결과 전반적으로 잡식종의 비율이 상대적으로 높게 분포하였다. 물리적 서식지 평가지수(QHEI) 분석결과 평균 121.2(${\pm}23.4$)로 양호한 서식처 환경을 나타냈으며, 어류평가지수(FAI)를 분석한 결과 대부분 A~B등급으로 하천건강성이 양호한 것으로 분석되었다. FAI와 다양한 항목 간의 상관성 분석결과 QHEI, 잡식종, 충식종, 중간종, 민감종, 우점도, 다양도, 균등도, 풍부도는 통계적으로 높은 상관성을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5227-5237
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• 2011

기술로드맵은 기술, 제품, 시장의 관계를 고려하여 기술전략 및 기획을 지원하는 강력한 도구로서 기술 로드맵을 개발하거나 실무에 적용시킨 사례 등과 관련된 연구가 다수 수행되었다. 그러나 대부분의 기술로드맵 연구들은 체계적이고 정량적인 분석보다는 브레인스토밍, 전문가 그룹 활용, 델파이 등과 같은 정성적인 방법에 의존하고 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 대표적인 정량적 분석인 특허분석을 활용하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 기술수명주기를 고려한 특허인용네트워크를 개발하여 기술로드맵 작성에 적용하고, 이를 통해 유망한 미개발 기술을 기획하는 것이다. 이를 위하여, 우선 특허데이터와 인용정보가 수집되고 이를 바탕으로 특허인용 네트워크가 작성된다. 둘째, 기술수명주기 및 특허출원연도를 고려하여 수명주기에서의 위치를 분석하고, 향후 기술개발기간이 추정된다. 기술진화를 보여주기 위해 하위 세부기술들은 그룹핑되어 상위기술을 설명하고 이는 기술로드맵에 포함되는 노드로서 지칭된다. 마지막으로 기술 층의 각 기술 노드들을 연결 짓고 개발기간을 추정하여 기술로드맵을 작성한다. 이 기술로드맵을 바탕으로 기술기획을 수행하기 위해 텍스트 마이닝을 적용하여 미개발 기술을 제시하고, 향후 개발될 필요가 있는 기술의 특성을 제안한다. 본 연구는 수소저장 기술을 선정하여 앞에서 제시된 방법과 과정을 설명하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2017

3D 프린터와 반도체 레이저를 사용하여 정렬하기 쉽고 저렴한 교육용 마흐젠더 간섭계를 제작하는 방법을 제안하였다. 간섭계는 $165mm{\times}120mm{\times}57mm$ 크기의 몸체, 거울 마운트, 레이저 홀더, 광분할기 등으로 구성된다. 레이저 경로는 고무 밴드, 작은 금속 막대 및 나사로 구성된 4개의 거울 마운트로 조정하였다. 간섭무늬는 최종 단계에서 렌즈에 의해 확대되었다. 슬라이드 글라스의 굴절률은 간섭계 팔 중 하나에 삽입된 슬라이드 글라스가 회전하는 동안 이동하는 간섭무늬의 수를 계수함으로써 측정되었다. 굴절률을 구하는 식을 광경로차와 회전 각도의 함수로 찾았으며, 간섭계 실험에서 유리의 굴절률을 계산하는데 사용하였다. 간섭계의 한 팔에서 유리를 회전시키면 교실에서 움직이는 간섭무늬를 관찰하기 위해 고가이지만 사용되었던 정밀 스테이지가 필요 없게 된다. 따라서 이 논문에서 제안 된 3차원 프린터로 제작한 마흐젠더 간섭계는 경제성과 성능 때문에 교육에 매우 유용할 것으로 기대된다. 학생들이 3차원 프린터로 제작한 간섭계를 사용하여 유리의 굴절률과 빛의 파장을 측정하는 등의 정성적 및 정량적 연구를 수행 할 수 있을 것이다.