• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2003

In South Korea, about 74% of total area is mountainous terrain It is therefore inevitable to make tunnel or cutting slope for road construction. According to a related survey, approximately 2,400 sites of cutting slopes were found from 24 different routes of roadway which is overall 900 km long, implying 2.7 slopes per 1km of roadway on average. Even though safety matter such as the slope failure prevention would be the most important consideration for the construction of cutting slopeslandscape of sloped face is nowadays becoming another important factor due to the growing demand for the driver-friendly road environment Various construction methods which attain this goal should therefore be considered in the design stage of the roadway. The objective of this study is to identify important factors in landscape of sloped-cut roadway using factor analysis. For this, 10 main treatment methods of sloped-cut fact were analyzed. This study employed the LISREL(structural analysis of common variance) model in order to capture the qualitative characteristics of the slope-cut road and examine the relationship between the suey error and the variable(s). As a result, more reasonable landscape evaluation model for the road design and construction was proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.757-767
• /
• 2006

Biological assessments are the primary tool for evaluating the biological condition of a water body and makes it possible to understand accumulative and long-term effect of stressors. They also provide reliable biological information for which disturbed systems are to be restored. Sustainable water environment is not enough with attaining only the clean water, but it should sustain healthy and diverse aquatic life. Aquatic organisms are affected by various factors, including not only water quality but also habitat condition and stressors, and thus good condition of both physical and chemical water quality is prerequisite for sustaining healthy organisms. Therefore, biological assessment, along with other physical and chemical assessments, are crucial for evaluating the health of a water body. Overall, sustainability of water environment demands the attainment and maintenance of ecological integrity, which is resulted from the combination of physical, chemical and biological integrity. The biological criteria will play very important role in the water resource management and policy issues, and thus bioassessment program should be fully implemented and supported eventually by the law. To keep ecosystem health of water environment safely from the toxic pollutants and other stressors, the following suggestions need to be considered in environmental quality standards in Korea. For the first step, the biological indicators need to be introduced in evaluating river quality condition; they provide a qualitative description of biological condition of water body. Secondly, the biological water quality standards using biotic indices should be developed and implemented under the consideration of characteristics of Korean river systems. Lastly, the ecological status classification regime (ESCR) should be developed and introduced; it could be used in quality assessment of the water environment in general. In developing ESCR, integration of physico-chemical, biological, and habitat parameters should be taken into account.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2002

An expression of image in visual communication design traditionally has a dose relationship with the mechanical part of several expression media. Especially, an image conversion becomes easter by converging various forms of image such as a pictorial expression, a drawing up a plan, an optical expression and a reflected image into digital data in the image expression using digital mode. In addition, synthesis between various forms of visual ,images is activated by the integration of all expression media into digital mode and thus the extent of the image expression becomes diversified. Moreover, there is a tendency that a various dimensional expression such as 3D and 4D is generalized in the image expression of digital design. A partial or whole image conversion has often occurred during the generalization process of several image forms. Such conversion summarized into two factors, a formative side and a technical side. We described the existing pictorial expression as a formative side, an optical expression as a photography, a materialization of image conversion theory of computer graphic image conversion according to data form as a technical side and specific content according to dimension. We summarized objective and demonstrative resets through a simple simulation using a computer for the contents required a technical and qualitative measure and presented an application program of the particular results from the study to the visual communication design work by a case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.669-684
• /
• 2016

This study investigates Korean fighter pilot's usage and satisfaction of a flight duty uniform (FDU). The survey was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 using Focus Group Interview (FGI) and questionnaires. FGI collected qualitative data about duty and requirements; subsequently, surveys were performed to collect quantitative data about wearing conditions and satisfaction with FDU. The results of the FGI and the questionnaire were as follows. Type of pilot duty was divided into two parts, flight duty and ground duty. It is important to consider duties as well as factors related to survival when developing FDU. According to anthropometric data and wearing size, the basic size for apparel grading should be changed from actual size, 'M95XL' to 'M100L'. It is also necessary to improve the whole sizing system. Further studies about body form changes in pilot's movement are needed to improve mobility because the respondents perceived some restrictions at several body parts in movement with the coverall uniform. Summer FDU had a low satisfaction level in vent hole function and appearance. Furthermore, protection problems in the vent hole were also an issue. Making a seasonal classification of FDU fabric will be more effective than a vent hole to increase a pilot's thermal satisfaction. Respondents had a passive stance towards FDU reform (including pocket change); therefore, a new FDU design strategy should concentrate on improving current FDU functions like mobility (or comfort) rather than dramatic changes. Pilots complained about the quality stability of FDU; therefore, quality control by military administration as well as concrete and clear design instructions by the developer should be attained together. The results obtained in this study are expected to be used as an important basis for the further development of FDU.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.433-443
• /
• 2017

Securing the species compositional integrity (typicalness and representativeness) is the essential prerequisite for an integrated management of vegetation resources using the phytosociological $relev\acute{e}s$ and plant communities of the Z.-M. school. This study is intended to develop a tool for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of species compositional homotoneity of a set of $relev\acute{e}s$ per syntaxon. The new homotoneities, actual homotoneity ($H_{act}$), and optimal homotoneity ($H_{opt}$) taking into account the heterogeneous factors of $relev\acute{e}s$ are proposed. The correlations between the floristic variables such as the vegetation type, the new homotoneities, and the previously studied homogeneous measures (e.g. Pfeiffer's homogeneity, basic homotoneity-coefficient, corrected homotoneity-coefficient, and mean floristic similarity) are analyzed by using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. $H_{act}$ and $H_{opt}$ are effective in determining the difference of inter-synthesized units and of inter-$relev\acute{e}s$, respectively. $H_{act}$ is the homotoneity that is the most independent of the number of $relev\acute{e}s$. On actual vegetation with long-term human impact in the Korean Peninsula, $H_{opt}$ has become an aid to the more precise understanding of $H_{act}$ as substantive homogeneousness of species composition of syntaxa. It is expected that $H_{act}$ and $H_{opt}$ can be used for the selection of a sort of homogeneous vegetation data to build a phytosociological $relev\acute{e}$-database with consistency and objectiveness for national vegetation resources.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.53
• /
• pp.283-303
• /
• 2017

This study which was started to identify the factors that change the security level of military organizations, analyzed the data collected from articles written by the active officers in the Defense Daily Journal hoping to improve the military security level by the qualitative research method called Grounded Theory, and establish causal relationship how organizational members respond to insider security threats. As a result of the analysis, the causal condition is 'the security threat of the insider', the contextual condition is 'the specificity of the military organization', the central phenomenon is 'the conflict of values as a soldier', the arbitrary condition is 'the security consciousness', Strategy is 'the responds to security threats', and the result was 'security level change'. The core categories can be presented as 'the degree of conflict of values on insider security threats' and two hypotheses have been derived. First, the members of the military organization strongly felt the conflict of values about security threat as the tendency to emphasize security was strong, and they helped to develop the security level of organization by responding strongly. Second, the stronger the tendency to focus on colleagues, respond weakly to security threats. And it undermines the security level of the organization. Finally, in order to improve the security level of the organization, it is necessary to establish a solid security consciousness and to make institutional development to support it.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.273-286
• /
• 2009

The objective of this research is to evaluate both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis by comparing vital variable factors of the golf swing successes and the failures. At the moment of swing, each body segment and the movement of the club as well as kinematical parameters were produced by utilizing the 3-D swing analysis for the high school female golfers. As kinematical parameters, it analyzes the 3-D analysis and ground reaction force about the location change, velocity and angle. The 3-D swing analysis and ground reaction force location change, velocity and angle are analyzed for Kinematical parameters. As a result, the stable swing is maintained by club head showing very few front-back movement (X) when the address and the top swing. Also, the center of mass velocity contributes to the momentum increase by showing very rapid velocity when successful comparing with when failed at the time of top swing of left-right(Y) and it is thought that by lessening the cocking angle when successful from the top swing to the impact, it influences the linear velocity increase and has a good effect on a non-distance increase. It shows that Ground reaction force (GRF) is examined by showing the stable approval rating in a front-back(X) direction and left-right(Y) and connected to a successful swing.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.26
• /
• pp.31-56
• /
• 2012

This is a scientific study of subjectivity on recognition types and preferences of animation audience. Therefore, Q-methodology was used as a methodology of this study. As a result, it was possible to find the various characteristics according to the preferences of audience on animation genres. The features of each type were classified into 3 types. First was an artistic and literary value-oriented type that explored storytelling and descriptive value. Second was a pictorial and aesthetic value-oriented type that explored visual beauty such as characters and Mise en scene. Third was a visual and entertainment value-oriented type that explored entertainment factors and attractions. Thus, according to the classification of preference types, it was inferred that digital image generation audience with an active preference that can create and consume images have developed a tendency that independently consumed their preferences based on thoroughly personal or subjective preferences rather than classified and accepted their preferred culture as their symbolic expressions of hierarchical position. In this aspect, Q-methodological consideration that is useful to analyze the subjectivity of audience could be a significant work. Nevertheless, this study alone could not reveal various generative contexts of specific preferences. It seems to have more significant results by applying various qualitative or quantitative methodologies together with this study and analyzing recognition types and preferences of audience.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.595-609
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the guidelines for Medic Work Table (MWT) based on the anthropometric data of medical technologists. Background: Users' anthropometric data such as sitting height, sitting elbow height, knee height, and so on are significant factors for designing comfortable and useful furniture. Thus, many guidelines for different types of desks and chairs based on the users' anthropometric data have been suggested to many researchers. However, few researches have been conducted to provide design guidelines for MWT for blood collecting task. Medical technologists often use their upper extremities to perform blood collecting task with high repetitions. These repeated motions could be a critical factor in the prevalence rate of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Therefore, a study on ergonomic design of MWT would be essential in preventing the WMSDs and improving the quality of the working environment of medical technologists. Method: This study suggested design guidelines for ergonomic MWT by focusing on the heights of the upper side and underside, depths of the inside and outside, and width of MWT through anthropometric studies and literature reviews. Afterwards, a new MWT was made using the suggested design guidelines for this study. Five healthy medical technologists participated to evaluate the original MWT and new MWT. All participants took part in the range of motion (ROM) test, electromyography (EMG) muscle activity test, and usability test to validate the suggested guidelines in this study. EMG signals of related muscles (Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Deltoid Anterior, and Biceps Branchii) were recorded through the surface electromyography system from both the original MWT and the new MWT. The ROM test of the shoulder and elbow flexion was also assessed using motion sensors. Results: The newly designed MWT showed decreased ROMs of the shoulder and elbow up to 22% and 18% compared to the original MWT. The muscle activities in the new MWT also showed a decrease of 13% in Anterior Deltoid, 6% in Biceps Brachii, 5% in Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and 8% in Extensor Carpi Ulnaris muscle groups, compared to the original MWT. In the usability test, the satisfaction score of the new MWT was also 56.1% higher than that of the original MWT. Conclusion: This study suggested guidelines for designing MWT and validating the guidelines through qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of motion analysis, muscle activity, and usability tests demonstrated that the newly designed MWT may lead to less physical stress, less awkward posture, and better physical user interface. Application: The recommended guidelines of the MWT would be helpful information for designing an ergonomic MWT that reduces physical loads and improves the performance of many medical technologists.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2013

This study is aimed to perform the qualitative evaluation based on the ARCS Model of educational mobile applications for smart phones. The evaluation has been performed targeting 60 students who attending the subject of informational education in 3 different universities in 2012 by allowing them to select the available educational mobile App installed in their smart phone. After, the level of persistent learning-intension from each student and the efficacy of ARCS motivational strategy was measured at learner's perspective. The structural equation model(SEM) was established and analyzed with PLS method to understand the relationship between the ARCS motivational strategy and the persistent learning-intension. The results of the study could be summarized as followings. First, the educational mobile App in various the motivational strategies showed different results that is the highest attention as well as the lowest satisfactory level. Second, the relevance in motivation strategies had the statistically significant effect in attention, confidence, and satisfaction. On the other hand, the other factors of attention, relevance, and confidence showed statistically significant effect in satisfaction. Finally, result demonstrate that the relevance is the critical factor inducing the significant effect in persistent learning-intension among the motivational strategies.