• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.564-569
• /
• 2004

Most existing ontologies are suited for static knowledge, so they lack capability of representing procedural knowledge which is essential for an agent's action control or inference in the virtual world. Also they are not prepared to describe objects beyond their fixed ranges of domains as designed. In this paper we propose cyber-microcosm ontology (CMO) which augments procedural aspects and expressive power for multiple forms rather than fixed form as in conventional ontologies. The resulting ontology will provide an enhanced knowledge structure to capture procedural aspects of agents' actions and to facilitate their associated inferencing. The procedural aspects of the CMO are designed based on action frame formed according to diverse elements. They are elaborated in terms of various qualifiers and quantifiers to reflect statistical natures over time and instances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2001.10b
• /
• pp.226-228
• /
• 2001

전자책에 대한 사회적인 관심과 다양한 장점에도 불구하고 현재 상이한 전자책 문서 포맷을 사용한 결과 전자책 컨텐츠에 대한 교환 및 공유를 어렵게 하여 결과적으로 전자책의 시장 활성화를 가로막는 가장 큰 장애가 되고 있다. 미국과 일본에서는 이미 관련 표준안을 제정한 바 있으며, 한국에서도 2001년 한국전자책 컨소시엄(EBH의 표준화 분과위원회를 통하여 전자책 산업 표준인 한국전자책문서표준(EBKS)을 제정하였다. 한국에서의 전자책 표준 EBKS는 HTML 및 PDF보다 다양한 장점을 제공하는 XML을 기반으로, 전자책 컨텐츠에 대한 정확한 교환 한국출판환경의 특징 반영, 생성 용이성, 관련 표준과의 호환성 제공 등을 기본 방향으로 한다. 한편 EBKS는 DTD 측면에서 고정된 문서구조, 확장메커니즘 제공, 세로 쓰기 다단 편집 그리고 한글 및 고어 특성 반영 등과 같은 특징을 포함하며, 스타일의 경우 교환을 위해서는 XSL-FO를 이용하여 컨텐츠와 스타일을 분리하고 있으며, 출력을 위해서는 XSL-FO를 권고한다. 그리고 EBKS 메타데이터는 사용의 용이성 교환 및 호환성 등을 제공하기 위하여 한정어(qualifier)를 사용하지 않는 dc-metadata와 확장을 위한 x-metadata로 구성된다. 한편 본 논문에서는 이러한 EBKS의 활용예로 XSL-FO를 이용한 전자책 컨텐츠에 대한 정교한 출력 결과를 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
• /
• 2001.08a
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2001

Despite the social interest in eBook and its advantages, as a result of each industry using different document formats, it is difficult to exchange or share eBook contents. And this hindered the activation of eBook market. The U.S. and Japan have realized the importance of setting a standard for eBook document format and have established eBook standard with government agencies and related industries and in Korea, also, through Working Group for Standardization Committee of EBK, eBook industry standard, EBKS, was established. EBKS provides more advantages than HTML or PDF and the basic format is XML. The objective of EBKS is exact exchange of eBook content, reflection of characteristics of Korean publication environment, simplicity in creating, and convertibility with other standards. Meanwhile, in the DTD aspect, EBKS includes static document structure, extension mechanism, vertical writing, multi-column editing and reflection on the characteristics of Korean and proverbs. For exchanging style, content and style are separated using XSL-FO and XSL-FO is recommended for printing. Also, EBKS metadata is composed of do-metadata that does not use qualifier and x-metadata for extension to provide easiness in usage and ability to exchange and convert.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.21
• /
• pp.253-289
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study is about the search pattern of LINNET (Library Information Network System) OPAC users by transaction log, maintained by POSTECH(Pohang University of Science and Technology) Central Library, to provide feedback information of OPAC system design. The results of this study are as follows. First, for the period of this analysis, there were totally 11, 218 log-ins, 40, 627 transaction logs and 3.62 retrievals per a log-in. Title keyword was the most frequently used, but accession number, bibliographic control number or call number was very infrequently used. Second, 47.02% of OPAC, searches resulted in zero retrievals. Bibliographic control number was the least successful search. User displayed 2.01% full information and 64.27% local information per full information. Third, special or advanced retrieval features are very infrequently used. Only 22.67% of the searches used right truncation and 0.71% used the qualifier. Only 1 boolean operator was used in every 22 retrievals. The most frequently used operator is 'and (&)' with title keywords. But 'bibliographical control number (N) and accessionnumber (R) are not used at all with any operators. The causes of search failure are as follows. 1. The item was not used in the database. (15, 764 times : 79.42%). 2. The wrong search key was used. (3, 761 times : 18.95%) 3. The senseless string (garbage) was entered. (324 times : 1.63%) On the basis of these results, some recommendations are suggested to improve the search success rate as follows. First, a n.0, ppropriate user education and online help function let users retrieve LINNET OPAC more efficiently. Second, several corrections of retrieval software will decrease the search failure rate. Third, system offers right truncation by default to every search term. This methods will increase success rate but should considered carefully. By a n.0, pplying this method, the number of hit can be overnumbered, and system overhead can be occurred. Fourth, system offers special boolean operator by default to every keyword retrieval when user enters more than two words at a time. Fifth, system assists searchers to overcome the wrong typing of selecting key by automatic korean/english mode change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the intervention effect obtained by applying an ICF tool to improve the dressing in a patient with rotator cuff syndrome to schematize the problems and approaching with PNF to solve the problems. METHODS: The subject of this study was a 44-year-old patient who underwent surgery after complete right rotator cuff tear. To treat his symptoms, the processes of clinical practice were implemented in the order of examination, assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, and outcome. During examination, patient information was collected using the ICF core set. In the assessment, the problems were schematized, and an ICF assessment sheet was used to identify the interaction of the problems. The diagnosis was made by clearly describing the causal relationship derived from the assessment in ICF terms. To solve the problems, the intervention was given in the order of indirect, direct, and task based on the philosophy of PNF. To evaluate the outcome, the differences before and after the intervention were compared. Additionally, the comparison for the ICF qualifier is presented with the ICF evaluation display. RESULTS: The results of the study showed clinical advantages in shoulder strength, eccentric control, range of motion, scapular stability, and shoulder pain. Overall, our patient with rotator cuff syndrome showed improvement in dressing and undressing activity in response to the PNF strategy. CONCLUSION: Application of the PNF intervention strategy after complete rotator cuff tear would have a positive effect on patient upper extremity function.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.219-229
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Patients with Parkinson's disease suffer many restrictions in daily life. This case report investigated how intervention with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)-based physical therapy can affect the activities of Parkinson's patients. Methods: The subject was a 67-year-old female patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease 3 years ago. Since the last five months, overall activities have become difficult for her, and she finally visited a hospital to take outpatient physical therapy because of the gait difficulties she suffered. The patient's medical history, system review, body structure and function, and activities were evaluated. The patient had difficulties in activities such as lying down, sitting, standing, maintaining a standing position, and walking. The PNF-based intervention was used for treating the impairments and improving the activities. The intervention was performed for 30 min a day, three times a week, for eight weeks. The qualifier of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health was used to measure the result, and the measurement was conducted before and after the intervention for eight weeks. Results: According to the result, the scores for maintaining a standing position, moving around within the home, and going to the toilet improved to "no problem" from "moderate problem." The scores for shifting the body's center of gravity, walking short distances, and washing oneself improved from "moderate problem" to "mild problem." The scores for sitting and standing improved to "no problem" and "mild problem" from "complete problem." The scores for preparing meals and doing housework improved from "severe problems" to "mild problem" or "moderate problem." The scores for walking long distances, moving around outside the home and other buildings, and using transportation did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Intervention with PNF-based physical therapy improved the activity of patients with Parkinson's disease, thus proving its effectiveness. The case report suggested that a therapist can use PNF as a physical therapy intervention for patients with Parkinson's who suffered restrictions in daily activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.139-155
• /
• 2011

The failure of distinguishing homographs in describing relations of individual authors and relations of authorship(i.e. distinction of persons with the same name or persons of the same literary author's name) will cause difficulties of retrieving exact information. It is because relations of automorphism cannot be formed between the two sets mentioned above. Therefore, it is ultimately necessary to set up the criteria or tools to distinguish homographs in order to retrieve more exact information. In the past, some efforts were made to develop authority data in order to solve the homograph problems by individual libraries, documents and portal sites in Korea. It is well understood that developing authority data by an individual institution was very difficult with no criteria or no rules to clarify the homograph problems at the national level. This study is to develop ways of recognizing individual names including subject words and proper nouns. The results of the study will present methods of distinguishing and describing homographs between individual author sets, and authorship sets particularly focused on the areas of arts and popular culture.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.85-103
• /
• 2016

This study was to find characteristics of argumentation derived from a discourse in a math-gifted 5 grade class, which was held for finding a Pick's formula using Geoboard function of TI-73 calculator. For the analysis, a video record of the class, transcript of its voice record, and activity paper were used as data and Toulmin's argument schemes were applied as analysis standard. As a result of the study, we found that the graphing calculator helped the students to create an experimental environment that graphing a grid-polygon and figuring out its area. Furthermore, it also provided a basic demonstration through 'data->claim' composition and reasoning activities which consisted of guarantee, warrant, backing, qualifier and refutal for justifying. The basic argumentation during the process of deriving the Pick's theorem by the numbers of boundary points and inner points was developed into a 'collective argumentation' while a teacher took a role of a conductor of the argumentation and an authorizer on the knowledge at the same time.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study was examined to improve the standing posture of a scoliosis client using the ICF Tool. Methods: For examination, the study subject was a 16-year-old female student diagnosed with 3curve-pelvic (3CP) type scoliosis. Information about her were collected through a client interview and based on international Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF core set was for post-acute musculoskeletal conditions, and the ICF level 2 items suggested by National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) were added to the recommendations for scoliosis. For evaluation, the ICF assessment sheet was used to identify the interaction among the problems. For the diagnosis, the client's functional problems were described in ICF terms. For the prognosis, the global goals for reaching the client's functional activity and participation level were presented as the long-and short-term goals. For the intervention, a coordinative locomotor training program composed of warm-up, main exercise, and cool-down was applied 3 times a week, 50 minutes a day, for 5 weeks. For the outcome, the differences between before and after the intervention were compared with the ICF qualifier and are shown with the ICF evaluation display. Results: Clinical advantages were observed in body function and structure (7° decrease of thoracic angle, 7 score increase of trunk muscle power, 6.47s improve of one leg standing, 4 score decrease of neck pain). The activity for maintaining the standing posture, in which the client had a primary limitation, was improved. Conclusion: Applying the coordinative locomotor training program is expected to improve scoliosis client's standing posture.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.28 no.8
• /
• pp.922-936
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) teaching strategy on cognitive levels, science concept understanding, argumentation and writing skills. 131 students attending to co-ed middle school were selected for the study and assigned to the experimental and comparative group. The teaching strategy using SWH was applied to the experimental group, while the traditional one led by teacher's lecturing was applied to the comparative group. The cognitive level test (SRT II) and baseline test were administered before the instruction period. The summary writing test and SRT II test were administered after instruction. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups in cognitive levels and science concept understanding, whole argumentation and writing skills. However, there was no significant difference in some argumentation components, including warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal, metacongnitive question. The results of this study showed the possibility of implementation of SWH in science classroom teaching.