• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.257-270
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• 2019

This study the presents survey results of a families living with children with disabilities in northern Seoul (Nowon-gu and Dobong-gu) that provides various educational services. This study investigates the current usage and needs of community resources for children with disabilities by the families in the inclusive and segregated care as well as education centers to provide information for the effective implementation of the current system. A total of 109 surveys were distributed and 62 (57%) were returned. 44 families in the 14 inclusive care and education centers as well as 18 families in the 2 segregated care and education centers participated in this study. They were asked to report on access to community resources that include compulsory education, family support, medical treatment, counseling services, commuting support, ways to gain necessary information, current use, and further needs for community resources for their children. Research results indicated that families in two different types of child care centers needed differentiated community services. Parents who use a segregated child care center demanded physical accessibility and increased numbers of highly qualified teachers; however, parents who use the inclusive child care center require the unified information system for the community resources. Survey findings are discussed related to differences between the two types of child care centers. Implications for sharing comprehensive information through child care teachers and directors of child care centers and future research are also discussed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2019

The simple and effective analytical method for the quality control of a novel scalp tonic formulation has been developed and optimized in terms of HPLC conditions and sample preparation method, meanwhile, the optimization of preparation condition was using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Oleanolic acid was selected as marker compound because of its bioactivities for alopecia therapy. The developed analytical method and extraction condition were successfully qualified. Coefficient of determination ($r^2$) for the calibration was 0.9997 with a line passing through the origin point in the range of 0.1-100 mg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 17.5 ng/mL and 55.0 ng/mL, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision of the method were 0.5-1.4 % and 0.7-1.8 % in relative standard deviation, respectively, while those accuracy were 99.5-100.9 % and 100.0-102.2 %, respectively. The repeatability of oleanolic acid in samples ranged of 0.3-1.9 % based on peak area and 0.3-0.7 % for retention time. Recoveries from samples were 95.0-99.4 % with lower than 1.8 % in relative standard deviation. Overall, the developed analytical method will be used for quality control of this commercial scalp tonic products successfully.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.53-74
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• 2018

This study theoretically examines the essence of the competencies, qualifications and grades newly required in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, points out that the engineer rating system does not reflect the new talent and practical capability, and conducts theoretical and empirical analyzes on improvement of the rating system. The current rating system need to be improved because it is not possible for graduates and experience workers to upgrade. Also, it is reasonable that the current highest grade of engineer, the Professional Engineer, which is a sort of qualification, is not a grade but a function of calculating the grade. Based on this theoretical background, empirical analysis of the question investigation and focus group interview shows that the rating system should be improved to four grades or return to the previous system in 2013. And if it is reduced to four grade, it should go in the way that the professional engineer and the qualified engineer combined. In the industry, the future skills of engineers are as follows : qualification, ability to use emerging technology, problem solving, understanding and utilization of major, and data management, etc. These can be summarized as qualification, education (degree) and career. In particular, the engineering industry considers qualifications, degrees, and career experience, and career experience as the most important elements of the rating system. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce a method that accurately reflects the career experience in the improvement of the engineer rating system.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.281-291
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• 2021

The Islamic jurisprudential legal system represents an essential component of the Islamic religion, that governs many aspects of Muslims' daily lives. This creates many questions that require interpretations by qualified specialists, or Muftis according to the main sources of legislation in Islam. The Islamic jurisprudence is usually classified into branches, according to which the questions can be categorized and classified. Such categorization has many applications in automated question-answering systems, and in manual systems in routing the questions to a specialized Mufti to answer specific topics. In this work we tackle the problem of automatic categorisation of Islamic jurisprudential legal questions using deep learning techniques. In this paper, we build a hierarchical deep learning model that first extracts the question text features at two levels: word and sentence representation, followed by a text classifier that acts upon the question representation. To evaluate our model, we build and release the largest publicly available dataset of Islamic questions and answers, along with their topics, for 52 topic categories. We evaluate different state-of-the art deep learning models, both for word and sentence embeddings, comparing recurrent and transformer-based techniques, and performing extensive ablation studies to show the effect of each model choice. Our hierarchical model is based on pre-trained models, taking advantage of the recent advancement of transfer learning techniques, focused on Arabic language.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.186-198
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• 2021

The introduction of digital technologies affects most socio-economic processes and activities in the economy, from agriculture to public services. Even though the world is currently only in the early stages of digital transformation, the digital economy is growing rapidly, especially in developing countries. Shortly, digital platforms will be able to replace the "invisible hand" of the market and turn it into digital. Some digital platforms have already reached global reach in some sectors of the economy. The growing value of data and artificial intelligence is reflected in the high capitalization of these enterprises. Their growing role has far-reaching consequences for the organization of economic activity and integration into the field of e-business. However, their importance and level of development in different countries differ significantly. The main purpose of this article is an assessment of the level and trends of the digital economy in the world and the identification of homogeneous groups of states following the main trends in the development of its components from among the EU countries. The methodology of the conducted research is based on the use of general scientific research methods in the analysis of secondary sources and the application of statistical methods of correlation-regression and cluster analysis. Macroeconomic indicators and components of DESI (Digital Economy and Society Index) were used for the analysis. Results. Based on the analysis established that most developed countries have a medium level of digitalization of the business environment and a high level of digitalization of socially oriented public services, while countries with lower GDP focus their policies on building digital infrastructure and training qualified personnel. The study summarizes and analyzes current trends in digital technology, analyzes the level and dynamics of integration of digital technologies of the studied EU countries, the level of development of e-business and e-commerce. The conceptualization of mechanisms of creation of added value in the digital economy is offered and the possible consequences of digitalization of the economy of developing countries are generalized.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.49-83
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• 2012

Currently in Germany, there is talk of 'state of emergency care', which is addressed to the problems of quality assurance in aged care and shortage of aged care workers. In order to solve this problem in the aging German society, the federal government has set itself the goal of providing high qualified care givers through a systematic and on a high level of professional training opportunities. Various projects and measures have been carried out to improve the reputation of the primarily care profession in society and for the purpose of attracting especially young trainees for the aged care professions. The present work considers training and qualifications in the long-term care sector in Germany; it points out both the characteristics of aged care education and the learning content in the aged care education and attempts to highlight what roles and perception of tasks contained therein.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2020

DO-330 Software Tool Qualification Considerations is a guideline for development of tools used to develop/verify software and hardware installed on aircraft. And among several processes, the verification process is very crucial as it occupies a large proportion for DO-330. Especially, in order to qualify tool with high safety level, test objectives must be performed with independence, accordingly, more time, cost, and manpower are required than other objectives. In addition, even if the test cases or test procedures are well defined, the higher the complexity of the test the higher probability of human error occurs. In this paper, we propose Script-based Test Automation Agent software structure for efficient DO-330 verification process of A661UAGEN tool developed by Hanwha Systems. Compared to the test performed manually by the test engineer, testing time of the Script-based Test Automation Agent is reduced by 87.5% and testing productivity is increased by 43.75%.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2022

Purpose: Pediatric acute appendicitis has a stable incidence rate in Western countries with an annual change of -0.36%. However, a sharp increase was observed in the Asian region. The Indonesian Health Department reveals appendicitis as the fourth most infectious disease, with more than 64,000 patients annually. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify and evaluate the risk factors and diagnostic modalities for accurate diagnosis and early treatment. This study also clarifies the usage of pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) for children <5 years of age. Methods: The current study employed a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling through demographic and PAS questionnaires with ultrasound sonography (USG) results. The analysis was performed using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression. Results: This study included 21 qualified patients with an average age of 6.76±4.679 years, weighing 21.72±10.437 kg, and who had been hospitalized for 4.24±1.513 days in Siloam Teaching Hospital. Compared to the surgical gold standard, PAS and USG have moderate sensitivity and specificity. Bodyweight and stay duration were significant for appendicitis (p<0.05); however, all were confounders in the multivariate regression analysis. Incidentally, a risk prediction model was generated with an area under the curve of 72.73%, sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 54.5%, and a cut-off value of 151. Conclusion: PAS outperforms USG in the sensitivity of diagnosing appendicitis, whereas USG outperforms PAS in terms of specificity. This study demonstrates the use of PAS in children under 5 years old. Meanwhile, no risk factors were significant in multivariate pediatric acute appendicitis risk factors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.182-200
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• 2022

Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) treatment in late adolescents and adult patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Literature search was conducted in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) based on the PICOS keyword design focusing on MARPE. Out of the 18 CBCT screened outcomes, only nine parameters were sufficient for the quantitative meta-analysis. The parameters were classified into three main groups: 1) skeletal changes, 2) alveolar change, and 3) dental changes. Heterogeneity test, estimation of pooled means, publication bias, sensitivity analysis and risk of bias assessment were also performed. Results: Upon database searching, only 14 full-text articles were qualified from the 364 obtained results. Heterogeneity test indicated the use of the random-effects model. The pooled mean estimate were as follows: 1) Skeletal expansion: zygomatic width, 2.39 mm; nasal width, 2.68 mm; jugular width, 3.12 mm; and midpalatal suture at the posterior nasal spine and anterior nasal spine, 3.34 mm and 4.56 mm, respectively; 2) Alveolar molar width expansion, 4.80 mm; and 3) Dental expansion: inter-canine width, 3.96 mm; inter-premolar width, 4.99 mm and inter-molar width, 5.99 mm. The percentage of expansion demonstrated a skeletal expansion (PNS) of 55.76%, alveolar molar width expansion of 24.37% and dental expansion of 19.87%. Conclusions: In the coronal view, the skeletal and dental expansion created by MARPE was of the pyramidal pattern. MARPE could successfully expand the constricted maxilla in late adolescents and adult patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.538-542
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• 2022

Performing the first peer review of a plastic surgical research article can be an overwhelming task. However, it is an essential scholarly skill and peer review is used in a multitude of settings: evaluation of journal articles, conference abstracts, and research proposals. Furthermore, peer reviewing provides more than just the opportunity to read and help improve other's work: peer reviewing can improve your own scientific writing. A structured approach is possible and recommended. In these ten tips, we provide guidance on how to successfully conduct the first peer reviews. The ten tips on peer reviewing concern: 1) Appropriateness: are you qualified and prepared to perform the peer review? 2) Familiarization with the journal and its reviewing guidelines; 3) Gathering first impressions of the paper followed by specific tips for reviewing; 4) the abstract and introduction; 5) Materials, methods, and results (including statistical considerations); and 6) discussion, conclusion, and references. Tip 7 concerns writing and structuring the review; Tips 7 and 8 describe how to provide constructive criticism and understanding the limits of your expertise. Finally, Tip 10 details why-and how-you become a peer reviewer. Peer review can be done by any plastic surgeon, not just those interested in an academic career. These ten tips provide useful insights for both the aspiring and the experienced peer reviewer. In conclusion, a systematic approach to peer reviewing is possible and recommended, and can help you getting started to provide quality peer reviews that contribute to moving the field of plastic surgery forward.