• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.703-714
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the impact of two climate change scenarios on flow rate and water quality of the Yongdam Dam and its basin using CE-QUAL-W2 and SWAT, respectively. Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios by IPCC, simulations were performed for 2016~2095, and the results were rearranged into three separate periods; 2016~2035, 2036~2065 and 2066~2095. Also, the result of each year was divided as dry season (May~Oct) and wet season (Nov~Apr) to account for rainfall effect. For total simulation period, arithmetic average of flow rate and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and TP (Total Phosphorus) were greater for RCP 4.5 than those of RCP 8.5, whereas TN (Total Nitrogen) showed contrary results. However, when averaged within three periods and rainfall conditions the tendencies were different from each other. As the scenarios went on, the number of rainfall days has decreased and the rainfall intensities have increased. These resulted in waste load discharge from the basin being decreased during the dry period and it being increased in the wet period. The results of SWAT model were used as boundary conditions of CE-QUAL-W2 model to predict water level and water quality changes in the Yongdam Dam. TSS and TP tend to increase during summer periods when rainfalls are higher, while TN shows the opposite pattern due to its weak absorption to particulate materials. Therefore, the climate change impact must be carefully analyzed when temporal and spatial conditions of study area are considered, and water quantity and water quality management alternatives must be case specific.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.201-213
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• 2004

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.7 s.168
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• pp.627-636
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• 2006

This study estimates adequate discharge to meet the specified target water quality concentration using the pollutant load of the Geum river basin given in TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) report. During the 1st phase, BOD is chosen as a target water quality constituent under regulation of the Ministry of Environment in Korea. BOD, TN, and TP loads estimated based on the TMDL and provincial zones were re-distributed for 10 major tributaries, and the remaining areas along the main river are classified as 15 incremental flow areas. Water quality modeling was conducted using Qual2E for the low flow period of a year (i.e. $March{\sim}April$). The results of the model simulation showed that about 30 cms from the Daechung dam would be sufficient to satisfy the target water quality in the Geum river downstream of the Daechung multipurpose Dam.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.21-39
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• 2015

유역 내부의 수문과정에 대한 관측치를 이용한 모형의 보정은 분산형 수문수질 모형의 적용성을 높이는 방법으로 권장되지만, 관측치가 충분하지 않은 경우가 많아 적용사례가 드문 실정이다. 본 연구는 경지에서 유역의 출구까지 여러 단계의 수문과정을 고려하여 분산형 수문수질모형을 보정하는 방법을 제시하고, 이와 같은 방법으로 보정된 모형의 적용성을 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 미국 조지아의 South Atlantic Coastal Plain에 있는 한 농업유역의 수문과정을 모의하였다. 또한, 유사와 영양물질의 구체적인 하천운송과정을 모의하기 위해 SWAT모형의 QUAL2E 모듈을 이용하였다. 모형보정은 유역의 유출량 및 유사와 영양물질의 양 뿐만 아니라 경지에서 관측된 바이오매스, 토양 침식량 및 영양물질 발생량, 수변지역 (riparian buffer)에서 발생하는 유사와 영양물질 감소, 하천운송과정 등을 고려하여 수행되었다. 모형의 보정 및 검증기간은 자료기간과 토양보전농법의 시행기간을 고려하여 선정되었으며, 보정된 모형의 적용성은 복수의 통계치 (NSE, RE, RSR 등)를 이용하여 분석되었다. 보정된 모형은 유역의 출구에서 하천유량과 총질소량을 각각 NSE 0.93 및 0.59의 정확도로 모의하였다. 그러나 유사 (NSE: 0.40)와 총인량 (NSE: 0.45)모의에서는 상대적으로 낮은 정확도를 보였다. SWAT의 QUAL2E 모듈을 이용하여 하천에서의 유사 및 영양물질 운송과정을 고려하는 것은 총인과 총질소 모의결과의 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 다단계 수문과정을 고려하여 보정된 SWAT모형은 유역 내부에서 발생하는 수문과정을 모의하는데 적용성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 계측방법 및 계측된 자료의 분석방법의 변화에 따른 오차와 토지이용의 시공간적 변화를 모의에서 고려하지 못해서 발생한 오차를 감안하더라도, 보정된 모형은 유역출구에서 관측되는 유사와 영양물질 양을 정확하게 모의하는데 실패 (NSE < 0.5)하였다고 평가할 수 있으며, 이는 SWAT 모형의 보정에서 다단계 또는 유역내부의 수문과정을 고려하는 것이 유역출구에서 높은 모의 정확도를 얻는데 기여하지 못할 수도 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.765-777
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• 2011

According to the total pollution load management system, exact prediction and analysis of water quality and discharge has been required in order to allocate the amount of pollution load to each local government. In this study, QUAL2E model was used for comparison with other water quality models and improve the inadequate to forecast future water quality. And Various calibration and verification methods were applied to deal with existing uncertainties of parameter during modeling water quality. For user convenience, A GUI(Graphical User Interface) system named "QL2-XP" model is developed by object-oriented language for the user convenience and practical usage. Suggested GUI system consist of hydraulic analysis, water quality analysis, optimized model calibration processes, and postprocessing the simulation results. Therefore this model will be effectively utilized to manage practical and efficient water quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

In this study we developed a turbidity management system to support the operation for effective turbid water management. The decision-making system includes various models for prediction of turbid water inflow, effective reservoir operation using the selective withdrawal facility, analysis of turbid water discharge in the downstream. The system is supported by the intensive monitoring devices installed in the upstream rivers, reservoirs, and downstream rivers. SWAT and HSPF models were constructed to predict turbid water flows in the Imha and Andong catchments. CE-QUAL-W2 models were constructed for turbid water behavior prediction, and various analyses were conducted to examine the effects of the selective withdrawal operation for efficient high turbid water discharge, turbid water distribution under differing amount and locations of turbid water discharge. A 1-dimensional dynamic water quality model was built using Ko-Riv1 for simulation of turbidity propagation in the downstream of the reservoirs, and 2-dimensional models were developed to investigate the mixing phenomena of two waters discharged from the Andong and Imha reservoirs with different temperature and turbidity conditions during joint dam operation for reducing the impacts of turbid water.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.110-118
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• 2006

The Namyang Stream in Hwaong polder was planned for several water uses including recreation, where people can contact the water and consume some amount during the recreational activity. A human health risk was assessed from exposure to E. coli in the Namyang Stream, which receives partially treated wastewater from watershed. The QUAL2E model was applied to simulate stream water quality, and this model was calibrated and verified with field monitoring data. The calibration result showed a high correlation coefficient of greater than 0.9. The mean concentration of E. coli in the Namyang Stream from the QUAL2E output was in the range of 5,000 ${\sim}$ 8,000 MPN 100 mL^{-1}$, which exceeded national and international guidelines. The Beta-Poisson was used to estimate the microbial risk of pathogens ingestion and the Monte-Carlo analysis (10,000 trials) was used to estimate the risk characterization of uncertainty. The Microbial risk assessment showed that the risk ranged from 7.9 ${\times}\;10^{-6}\;to\;9.4\;{\times}10^{-6}$. Based on USEPA guidelines, the range of $10^{-6}\;to\;10^{-8}$ was considered reasonable levels of risk for communicable disease transmission from environmental exposure, and the risk above $10^{-4}$ was considered to be in the danger of infection. Therefore, water quality of the Namyang Stream might not be in the danger of infection although it exceeded national and international guidelines. However, it was in the range of communicable disease transmission, and thorough wastewater collection and treatment at the source is recommended to secure safe recreation water quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2002

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.775-782
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• 2000

Water quality models can be applied to manage the regional water quality problems and to estimate the target and allowable pollution load in watershed effectively. Since the models such as QUAL2E, W ASP5 and HSPF need many data and are not easily applied in real systems, the water quality model, which would be simple and easily applicable, has been required. Thus, an Analytical Model of BOD(AMB) considering travel time of pollutant was developed for the total pollution load regulation in drainage basin. It was found that the main stream length of a sub-basin in the AMB should be shorter than 7km and the length of distributed pollutant load should also be shorter than 3.5km in a sub-basin. The basin in the AMB could be divided into sub-basins with almost same hydraulic characteristics and reaction rate constant satisfying the proposed stream length. The running results of the AMB in a small stream were very close to the results of QUAL2E, which is widely used one in the world. Therefore, the AlVIB can be used to regulate the total pollution load in drainage district by local government.rnment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2010

Watershed runoff and turbid water dynamics were simulated in the Youngju Dam, being constructed. The runoff flow and suspended solids were simulated and then thermal stratification and turbid water current in the reservoir were predicted by HSPF and CE-QUAL-W2 model, respectively. Considering selective withdrawal, we hypothesized 3 withdrawal types from the dam, i.e. surface layer, middle layer and the lowest layer. The maximum concentration of SS was 400mg/L in reservoir and it was decreased by the withdrawal. The inflowed turbid water fell to 30 NTU after 12 days regardless of the withdrawal types, but the surface layer withdrawal was a better type at turbid water discharge than the others. In current environmental impact assessment(EIA), we concluded that runoff and reservoir water quality predicted by HSPF and CE-QUAL-W2 was desirable, and appropriate parameters were selected by continous monitoring after EIA.