• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2019

Oriental Diagnosis System(ODS) is an artificial intelligence program that utilize entered diagnosis knowledge, determine patient's disease and decide right medicine. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types(So-Yang, So-Eum and Tae-Eum) by analyzing ODS diagnosis result. Eventually our study secure availability of using ODS program at clinical training or developing diagnosis program. Subject of this study is 32 students participating in Sasang medical practice(12 subjects were So-Yang, 7 subjects were So-Eum, and 13 subjects were Tae-Eum). We analyze subject's clinical practice result reports by using ODS program and obtained result about pattern Identification. We used SPSS statistics 23 in analyzing the differences of the scores of Eight Principle Pattern Identification, Qi-Blood Pattern Identification, Bing-xie Pattern Identification, and Visceral Pattern Identification in each Sasang types (So-Yang, So-Eum, Tae-Eum). In the case of Heat-moisture, Tae-Eum showed higher score than So-Eum, but So-Yang showed no difference from the other two Sasang types(p<0.05). And in the case of Food-accumulation, Tae-Eum and So-Yang showed significantly higher score than So-Eum(p<0.05). It is hard to generalize the result because subject of this study was not enough. However, we explained correlation between pattern Identification in korean medicine and each sasang types based on quantifiable and objective evidence system. Therefore use of ODS program in student clinical practice training help to understand the relationship and correlation between different pattern Identification and will help standardization of clinical practice education.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to survey the present utilization of pattern identification(PI) in the clinical field among Korean Medicine Doctors. Method : This survey was conducted from Oct. 1 to Oct. 31, 2014 by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire. The subjects were 400 korean medicine doctors who worked in hospitals or clinics. The questionnaire consisted of two sections - a demographics section(i.e., sex, age, clinical experience, place of work, residence and so on) and the main research section(i.e., the PI utilization rate, the utilization of PI systems, the utilization of PI in the clinical domain and in the treatment domain, the correlation between utilization PI and so on). Results : This study revealed that subjects used the PI to 66.7% of their patients on average. The utilization rate of PI in patients was significantly higher for female physicians than for male physicians, for physicians worked in clinics than for physicians who worked in hospitals and for physicians with more than 10 years clinical experience than for physicians with less than 10 years clinical experience. In the utilization of PI systems, Visceral PI was most as 92.0%. There were significant difference on the PI utilization rate according to utilization of Meridian and Collateral PI, Triple Energizer PI, Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood PI, Six-Meridian PI and Six Excesses PI. As a result of analysing the PI utilization rate by clinical domain and in the treatment domain, the Treatment and the Drug Treatment showed the highest values. Among utilized PI systems, the correlation coefficients between Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood PI and Triple Energizer PI showed the highest value, but the correlation coefficients between Sasang Constitutional Medicine with the each PI showed substantially lower value. Conclusion : The results of this study demonstrate that usage of PI was higher than usage of U code(in KCD) usage in clinical field. we suggested that additional studies on using PI and developing more appropriate standardized tool should be conducted to widen scope of PI's utilization.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2008

This study aimed to develop an evaluation reliability of Korean pattern identification for wind stroke. We studied 643 patients with stroke and made a list of registry for each of them. The present study analyzed 553 cases, in which the resident’s pattern identification agreed with the specialist’s one, and the cases included five differentiation pattern: the fire-heat pattern (114), the dampness-phlegm pattern (157), the static blood pattern (11), the Yin deficiency pattern (81), and the Qi deficiency pattern (190). This study showed that none of the Cronbach's alpha reached 0.700, which is the general reliable level. The average Cronbach's alpha of each symptoms was 0.353 for the dampness-phlegm pattern, 0.571 for the fire-heat pattern, 0.443 for the Qi deficiency pattern, 0.451 for the Yin deficiency pattern, and 0.302 for the static blood pattern. This suggests the possibility that each pattern identification could be coincided with other symptoms, and it also shows the limits of pattern identification of this study that narrows the symptoms of paralysis patients into only a single pattern. Continuous compliments and researches should be done referring to this matter. However, the internal consistency analysis of all the pattern identification showed that every Cronbach's alpha were within the range of 0.670 to 0.703, and the Cronbach's alpha of the whole symptoms was evaluated as 0.692, which makes the reliability of the pattern identification as itself almost satisfactory to the general reliable level, and therefore, significant. In the future, continuous clinical research to develope this pattern identification for wind stroke actually applicable to stroke patients needs to be made through accumulating more cases, improving the objectivity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2012

DSOM(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine), questionnaire for oriental medical(medicine) diagnosis is an online survey system containing 152 questions for female, 149 questions for male that asking the basic symtoms of 16 pathogenic factors(病機). The result of DSOM denotes reliability according to the level of major symptoms of each pathogenic factor. Standard level of reliability is equal to all 16 pathogenic factor basically except phlegm(痰). In case of phlegm(痰) we give different weight depending on whether the factor includes gray color under the orbit(痰飮氣) or not. To examine reliability of DSOM, statistical analysis has been done to the data of felmale 10101, male 1564 except for bad responses and stored between 1st April 2000 to 3rd June 2011. Based on the study, the conclusions were as follows. Reliability of DSOM. For female, all pathogenic factors showed over 85% confidence level except for phlegm 82.6%. For male, all pathogenic factors showed more than 90% confidence level except two factors, phlegm(痰) indicates 87.% and damp(濕) indicates 89.8%. HH rates among pathogenic factors were more than 50 points. For female, HH rates of other 14 pathogenic factors were all over 80% except for heat(熱) 78.2% and insufficiency of Yang(陽虛) 75.3%. For male HH rates of all pathogenic factors were more than 80% except HH rates of heat 78.2% and damp 77.8%. Research based on a degree of satisfaction of reliability derived from pathogenic factors with scores of HH results in for all 16 pathogenic factors showed over 85% of relatively high level of satisfaction for both sexes whose reliability standard come under 5~4 points. Comparing appearance frequency of pathogenic factors for both sexes. Male only displays higer than female in heat(熱). Whereas female were higher than male for other 15 pathogenic factors and the difference was biggest in heart(心) and least in insufficiency of Yin(陰虛). Comparing appearance frequency order of pathogenic factors for both sexes. Female outdistanced male in blood stasis(血瘀) coldness(寒) blood-deficiency(血虛) phlegm(痰), while male outdistance female in heat(熱) insufficiency of Yin(陰虛) deficiency of qi(氣虛). Male had lower average of each pathogenic factors than female except heat(熱) as well as deficiency of qi(氣虛).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

Objectives : This survey was done in order to find out how Korean medical doctors derive pattern identification for acupuncture prescriptions in treating knee pain in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society from March 26th to April 14th in 2009. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results : 1.54 Korean medical doctors selected meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians(52.5%), visceral pattern identification(27.1%), pattern identification based on cause of disease(8.5%) as the most commonly used pattern identification methods for acupuncture prescription when treating knee pain patients in real clinical practice. 2. In meridian pattern identification based on the course of the meridians, liver meridian of the medial knee region(13.2%), bladder meridian of the posterior knee region(12.0%), spleen meridian of the lateral knee region(11.7%), stomach meridian of the anterior knee region(9.8%) and kidney meridian of the medial knee region(8.6%) were selected. 3. In visceral pattern identification, blood stasis of sinews due to liver and kidney deficiency(5.3%), damp joint with yang deficiency of liver and kidney(4.9%), kidney qi deficiency with congealing cold(4.5%), yin deficiency of liver and kidney(4.1%) were selected. Conclusions : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors answered that Meridian Pattern Identification based on the course of the meridians is the most often used diagnosis method. Visceral pattern identification, pattern identification based on cause of disease, pattern identification based on symptom and pattern identification based on qi-blood-yin-yang theory in order of frequency used, were selected for knee pain diagnosis in real clinical practice.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to contribute to developing new pattern identification based on searches regarding pattern identification of low back pain, which is used in thesis both in Korea and China. Methods : First of all, we searched thesis concerning pattern identification of low back pain from RISS, OASIS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, CNKI. Results : 1. There were overall 34 thesis, consist of 18 Korean thesis(13 clinical papers and 5 analytical papers) and 9 Chinese thesis(7 clinical papers and 9 analytical papers). 2. 10 of 11 Korean thesis used more than 9 patterns for pattern identification, 9 of 14 Chinese thesis used less than 4 patterns for pattern identification of low back pain. 3. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in Korea, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 痰飮腰痛(Phlegm-fluid retention low back pain), 風腰痛(Wind low back pain), 食積腰痛(Food accumulation low back pain), 濕腰痛(Dampness low back pain), 挫閃腰痛(Sprain low back pain), 瘀血腰痛(Static blood low back pain), 氣腰痛(Qi low back pain). 4. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in China, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 氣滯血瘀腰痛(Blood stasis due to qi stagnation low back pain). Conclusions : Based on these results, it is considered that an advanced type of pattern identification of low back pain should be made or existing type needs to be practically and objectively improved.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1242-1253
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• 2004

Leukemia is a blood disease that occurs in the abnormal process of leukocyte maturation. Its main medical treatment is chemical therapy and bone medical transplant. But its treatments give rise to ill effects and sequela. At present, the cause of leukemia is not fully understood. But oriental concept of curing leukemia is the holistic thinking that emphasizes the unity, wholeness, and the relationship between the human organs, including western medical concept of blood cause. So it is estimated that holistic medical treatment in oriental medicine could present new medical way of curing leukemia. I read over the diary on struggles against leukemia, survey on the leukemia patients, and, medical charts in the oriental clinics that treated in the holistic way, and I interviewed the leukemia patients. With these materials, I classified the early main attacking symptoms according to the chief complaints of one hundred leukemia patients. With these results collected, I present new alternative treatment by oriental medical diagnosis. The chief early complaints that leukemia patients give are fatigue, enervation, cold, contusion, fever, high fever, sweating at sleep, myalgia, arthralgia, and dizziness, in order of main symptoms. Fatigue occurs mainly by spleen and stomach weakness and marrow shortage. So it is estimated that It is important to treat the spleen that is responsible for supplementing the marrow. Because the leukemia patients have anemia and hemorrhage, to treat the spleen is important for hematopoiesis and controlling blood. In case of cold, it penetrates into the body when the body is weak. So its treatment is to increase body's health. But the cause of fever is difficult to classify into outer cause and inner cause. But in case of children under 14 years old, fever is the main sypmptom. I think this is because children have the body with pure vital energy. Hemorrhage is thought to be the result of yin-lack and heat-miasma of spleen and stomach channels. Contusion occurs from the qi-weakness and the not-controlling-blood. Sweating at sleep is from the yin-weakness. It is found with all weak symptoms. Dizziness is from the yin-blood impairment. Weight-loss is from the marrow shortage. Myalgia and arthralgia is mainly from inner weakness, not outer maisma. Most leukemia patients have the idea that holistic treatment of leukemia could be of assistance and give help to the low immunity. So it is expected that holistic medical treatment could contribute to knowing the cause and treatment of leukemia, and give people reliability on oriental medical treatment, through the profound diagnosis of leukemia.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.494-501
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• 2012

본 논문에서는, 두 나이군의 인체 요골동맥과 경동맥에서 초음파 혈액 영상을 측정하여 혈액에코박동지수를 분석했고, 또한 뇌졸중 환자와 대조군의 요골동맥과 경동맥에서 초음파 혈액 영상을 측정하여 혈액에코박동지수를 비교했다. 요골동맥의 혈액에코박동지수는 젊은 세대와 나이 많은 세대가 각각 $0.13{\pm}0.11$, $0.16{\pm}0.03$로 유사한 반면, 경동맥에서는 각각 $0.70{\pm}0.21$, $0.32{\pm}0.01$로 젊은 세대에서 더 높게 나타났고, 피험자 별로 더 높은 분산을 보였다. 뇌졸중 환자와 대조군의 혈액에코박동지수는 요골동맥($0.22{\pm}0.02$, $0.16{\pm}0.03$)과 경동맥($0.35{\pm}0.02$, $0.32{\pm}0.01$) 모두 환자군에서 더 높게 나타났다. 이와 유사하게, 섬유소원 농도 역시 요골동맥과 경동맥 모두 대조군($264{\pm}38$, $257{\pm}43mg/dl$)보다 환자군($336{\pm}61$, $340{\pm}126mg/dl$)에서 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 적혈구 응집과 뇌졸중의 상관성에 대한 초음파 연구의 가능성을 제시하고 있으며, 적혈구 응집의 생체 내 측정은 임상학적으로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.268-295
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• 1997

Sweating is natural phenomenon necessary for the regulation of an individual's body-temperature. The secretion of sweat is mediated by a portion of our vegetative nervous system(the sympathetic nervous system). In some people, this system is working at a very high activity level, far higher than needed to keep a constant temperature. This condition is referred to as hyperhidrosis. Especially excessive sweating of the hands and the feet is palmoplantar hyperhidrosis or volar hyperhidrosis. This is by far the most distressing condition. It was founded that the first important cause of this was emotional factor. The hands are much more exposed in social and prefessional activities than any other part of our body. Many individuals with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis are limited in their choice of proffession, because unable to manipulate materials sensitive to humidity or reluctant to shake hands; some patients arrive to the point to avoid social contact. The occidental medical treatments for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis include application of topical agents(chemical antiperspirants such as aluminum chloride), iontophoresis(treatment with electrical current), or surgery(thoracic sympathectomy). It was reported that the most effective treatment was thoracic sympathectomy. So this study was started to find the easy and effective oriental medical treatments against the occidental medical treatments through the oriental medical literature. The occidental medical idea for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis is only limited in neurologic system, so surgery is the best treatment. But the oriental medical idea for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis is much wider, so the oriental medical causes and treatments for this are able to be veriety. And the oriental medical teatment is freely in treating the patients of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, because entire idea including pulse, facial color, mental condition, constitution and other symptom exists in the oriental medicine. The results of a bibliographic study of causes and treatments for palmoplantar are as follows; 1. The main causes of pa1moplantar hyperhidrosis are heat in the stomach, damp-heat in the spleen and the stomach, insufficiency of the spleen-qi and the stomach-qi, deficiency of the spleen-yin and the stomach-yin, and the others are the stomach-cold syndrome, stasis of blood and dyspepsia in the stomach, disorder of the liver-qi, deficiency of the heart-yin and the kidney-yin, deficiency of the heart-yang and the kidney-yang, stagnated heat in the liver and the spleen, the lung channel-heat etc. 2. The main methods of medical treatments for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis are clearing out the stomach-heat, eliminating dampness and heat in the spleen and the stomach, invigorating the spleen-qi and the stomach-qi, reinforcing the spleen-yin and the stomach-yin, warming the stomach, relaxing the liver and alleviating of mental depression and tonifying the heart and the kidney etc. 3. The main prescriptions of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis are Taesihotang, Palmultang-kakam, Samyeongbaechusan, Chongbisan, Sasammaekmundongtang, the others are Leejungtang, Hwangkikonjungtang, Seungkitang, Boyumtang, Baekhotang, Chongsimyonjayum, Moyrosan, etc. 4. Local medicine for external use are liquid after boiling alum in water for about 1 or 2 hours, liquid after boiling alum and pueraria root in water and liquid after boiling stragalus root, pueraria root, ledebouriella root and schizonepeta in water, etc. 5. The methods of acupuncture therapy include invigorating Bokyru, Yumkuk and purgating Hapkouk, or invigorating Bokyru, Kihae and purgating Hapkouk, or steadying Hapkouk, Nokung.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.149-174
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• 2014

Objectives to study definition and treatment of dizziness in the books of Cold damage which are classified as symptoms of all time. Methods 1. Quote provisions related to dizziness in "Sanghanlon(傷寒論)" 2. Among the books of Cold damage which are classified as symptoms, select 19 literatures on dizziness with table of contents and collect data and categorize in two perspectives on theories and disease pattern. 3. Compare and draw a chart all data collected in above methods. Results & Conclusions 1. In the books on Cold damage, dizziness is expressed in 2 ways such as head dizziness(頭眩) and fainting(鬱冒). fainting is much more several symptoms than head dizziness and it is the difference that it has mental confusion. 2. The cause of head dizziness after promoting sweating, vomiting and purgation is that source qi(元氣) of upper energizer(上焦) is deficiency, and cause of head dizziness before using method of treatment is wind(風), heat(熱), phlegm(痰), blood deficiency(血虛) and etc. 3. Main cause of fainting is that deficiency is getting severe so that cold invades, and symptoms are blood deficiency, after giving birth and excess pattern of fire and heat. 4. Remedies for head dizziness are using Yeonggyechulgam-tang(苓桂朮甘湯), jinmu-tang(眞武湯), sosiho-tang(小柴胡湯), sagunja-tang(四君子湯), samul-tang(四物湯) and etc. 5. Insamsambaek-tang (人蔘三白湯) and Sayeok-tang(四逆湯) are used for deficiency pattern of fainting, and Dojeok-san(導赤散), Daeseunggi-tang(大承氣湯), and Hwangryeonhaedok-tang(黃連解毒湯) are used for excess pattern(實證).