• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-136
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• 1995

The forest vegetation on Mt. Ch’ongnyang was investigated for phytosociological analysis of the vegetation types and interspecific association. The forest was classified into seven vegetation units; A: Quercus Mongolica community, A-1: Group of Quercus variabilis, A-1-a: Subgroup of Pinus densiflora, A-1-b: Typical subgroup, A-2: Group of Aconitum trilobum, A-3: Group of Quercus dentata, B: Zelkova serrata communty. The group of Quercus variabilis was distributed on southeast- and southwest-facing slopes in 400~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 3.36~4.67％. The group of Aconitum trilobum was distributed on northeast- and northwest-facing slopes in 650~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 7.18％. The group of Quercus dentata was distributed on southwest-facing solpes in the vicinity of 810 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 9.7％. The Zelkova serrata community was distributed in the vicinity of ravines, and organic matter in the soil was 7.6％. The contents of Mg and Ca, and electric conductivity in the Zelkova serrata community were relatively high, 11.82 me/100mg, and 11.27 me/100mg, 102.2 μ mos/cm, respectively. In the results of polar ordination, environmental gradient of axis Ⅰ and axis Ⅱwere correlated with moisture, inclination and azimuth, respectively. Group of Quercus variabilis has occurred in xeric, group of Aconitum trilobum in submesic, and the Zelrova serrata community in mesic sites. In the meantime the interspecific association analysis based on chi-square yielded three species groupings with high positive affinity(p<0.01), i.e.group Ⅰ consisted of 18 species, including Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Ansliaea acerifolia, Aconitum trilobum and group Ⅲ consisted of 19 species, in cluding Zelrova serrata, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Acer truncatum var. barbinerve, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-194
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• 1991

Vascular plants, the structure and interrelationship of the forst vegetation in pyonsan peninsula national park were inverstigated by phytosociological, continuum analysis and ordination methods. The flora was composed of 119 families,411 genera, 609 species, 79 varieties, 10 forma or 698 taxa. Some characteristics of the plants have been represented such as ch-$D_1$-$R_5$ type in biological one, erect form in growth on. It is noticeable that lycoris aurea, carpinus tschonoskii var. eximia, corylus hallaisanensis and abeliophyllum distichun among the investigated plants delong to endemic and/or rare species. The forest vegetation was classified into seven communities: quercus variabilis, pinus densiflora, quercus serrat, platycarya, carpinus tschonoskii, quercus dentata, zelkova serrata community. and quercus variabilis, pinus densiflora and pinus rigida, were the commonest species among distributed species. In addition interrelationship between diversity and dominant indrx of quercus variabilis community was little different each other and that of accordance altitude also was not much distinguishable. Platycarya strobilacea, pinus densiflora and quercus variabilas community were distinguished different groups by polar ordination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to characterize the forest vegetation structure and site of Quercus serrata forest for ecological forest management and ecological niche. The results are as follows : The chemical properties of Q. serrata forest soil were 0.24% of total nitrogen, 8.27 of organic matter, 74ppm of available phosphorous, 1.64(me/100g) of Ca, 0.22(me/100g) of Mg, 0.74(me/100g) of K and 9.3(me/100g) of cation exchangeable capacity. The dominant species in Quercus serrata forest were Quercus serrata, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Styrax obassia, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Styrax japonica. DBH analysis showed that Quercus serrata seems to remain as a dominant species for the present because they had random distribution based on few of big individuality, many of small and middle individuality. But the Q. serrata community is competing with Q. mongolica and F. rhynchophylla, whose density of small individuality has increased. With the classification of TWINSPAN, Q. serrata forest was classified three groups, such as Q. serrata-Acer mono, Q. serrata, Q. serrata-Q. acutissima communities. The results of the correlation analysis of Q. serrata major communities and environment factors are as follows; Q. serrata-A. mono community was found relatively in high elevated and eastern and northern area that has relatively high percentage organic matter. Also Q. serrata community was found in high elevated and eastern and northern area that has high percentage organic matter. Q. serrata-Q. acutissima community was found in low elevated and southern and western area that has low percentage organic matter.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.109-122
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• 1988

The foret vegetations of Daedunsan provincial park area in Korea were classified into eight communities of Acer mono-Zelkova serrata, Lindera erythrocarpa-Cornus controversa, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, Rhododendron schlippenbachii-Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron mucronu-latum-Pinus densiflora by the Z-M method. By two dimensional analysis of temperature, moisture gradients, the eight communities were grouped into four vegetation types: cove forest dominated with Zelkova serrata and Cornus controversa, hornbeam forest with Carpinus tschonoskii and Carpinus laxiflora, oak forest with Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Zelkova serrta and Pinus densiflora community was made from the analysis of actual vegetation map by the phytosociological classification, environmental conditions and human interferences.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the Quercus spp. forests in the lower montane zone of Mts. Bakdal, Gyemyeong, Boryeon, Worak, Cheondeung, Joryeong, Gungmang, Buyong and Sirubong in Chungbuk Province, Korea using the methodology of the Z.-M. school's phytosociology. The Ouercus spp. forests were classified into three communities and two groups; A. Quercus variabilis community A-1. Quercus serrata-Quercus acutissima group, A-2. Quercus mongolica group; B. Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community; C. Quercus dentate-Chloranthus japonicus community. These vegetation units were arranged by human interference and a gradient of environmental complex such as altitudes, and also were corresponded relatively well with a result of cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on the dominance of component species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2004

Forest community structure analysis in the Seooreung area, Goyang-si was carried out to supply basic data for reasonable management and conservation. The forest vegetation of the Seooreung area was classified into Alnus japonica community, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus serrata community, and Pinus densiflora community. The dominant species in the area were in the order of Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus variabilis, Quercus aliena, Styrax japonica, Pinus rigida, and Alnus hirsuta. According to the DBH analysis result, Pinus densiflora was dominance species in Tomb area. Pinus rigida had a density of normal distribution style in the entire forests, therefore, their dominance are expected to continue for now. However, Quercus serrata is expected to extend their influence in the future in competition with Pinus rigida. Quercus mongolica had a density of normal distribution style in the Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community, therefore, their dominance are expected to continue for now. Carpinus laxiflora is expected to extend their influence in the future in competition with Quercus mongolica. The relationship between the distribution of dominant species of forest vegetation and soil condition in Seooreung area was investigated by analyzing soil nutrition and moisture gradient. Alnus hirsuta community was distributed in the mesic and medium nutrition area and Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community in the serix and relative good nutrition area. Pinus densiflora community was distributed in the serix and poor nutrition area and Quercus serrata community in the subserix and medium nutrition area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analyze forest vegetation of the Jangtaesan, Haetaesan, Ahnpyoungsan and Gubongsan in Daejeon. Employing the releve method of Braun-Blanquet, 76 plots were sampled. The communities were classified into Quercus mongolica community, Quercus variabilis community, and Pinus densiflora community. Average coverage rate was 85% in tree layer, 44% in subtree layer, 37% in shrub layer, 25% in herb layer, respectively. The importance values were 58.76 in Pinus densiftora, 44.86 in Quercus monegolica, 44.06 in Quercus variabilis, 33.00 in Quercus serrata, 18.73 in Rhus trichocarpa, 18.07 in Prunus sargentii. DBH range of most Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis was between 5cm and 20cm. Therefore, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis will be dominant species in the study area for several more decades. Quercus mongolica community was distributed mainly on the north and east slope in a high-altitude and relative good nutrition condition. Querucus variabilis community was distributed mainly on the south slope in a middle-altitude and medium nutrition condition. Pinus densiflora community was distributed mainly in a low-altitude and poor nutrition condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.482-500
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the phytosociological vegetation structure through a sampling survey of Mt. Jirisan National Park. And it was conducted to provide the latest data for establishing a conservation and management plan for forest ecosystems. As a result of TWINSPAN classification, it was classified into 4 communities. Group I is the Fraxinus mandshurica - Acer pseudosieboldianum Community, group II is the Quercus serrata - Quercus variabilis Community, group III is the Quercus mongolica Community, group IV is the Pinus densiflora Community. Group I is dominated by Fraxinus mandshurica in the canopy layer, and Cornus controversa and Quercus mongolica compete and maintain dominance. Group II is dominated by Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata in canopy layer, and Styrax obassia and Styrax japonicus compete in sub-tree layer. In group III, Quercus mongolica has a high dominance of 67% in canopy layer and 27% in the sub-tree layer, and Acer pseudosieboldianum competes with the Quercus mongolica in the sub-tree layer. In group IV, Pinus densiflora showed a high dominance of 74% in canopy layer. The sub-tree layer is dominated by Quercus mongolica, and is accompanied by competition between Carpinus tschonoskii and Fraxinus sieboldiana.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Community classification with TWINSP AN and analysis of forest community structure in Y${\breve{o}}$nkiam and Img${\breve{o}}$lry${\breve{o}}$ng areas were carried out to research forest vegetation. The forest communities in Yonkiam area were classified as Carpinus laxiflora - Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora - Styrax japonica community, Quercus aliena - Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus aliena - Quercus serrata community. The forest communities in Img${\breve{o}}$lry${\breve{o}}$ng area were classified as Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Quercus mongolica - Abies koreana community, Quercus mongolica - Rhododendron schlippenbachii community. The dominant species in Y${\breve{o}}$nkiam area were Pinus densiflora, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata. Quercus aliena and Quercus variabilis. The dominant species in Img${\breve{o}}$lry${\breve{o}}$ng area were Quercus mongolica, Abies koreana, Acer pseudosieboldianum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Tilia amurensis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 1988

The continuum analyses and polar ordinations were applied for the ordination of forest vegetation in Mt. Naejang, national park in Korea. In the continuum analyses the sequence of Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Lindera erythrocapa and Zelkova serrata community was arranged along the continuum gradient as in moisture gradient analyses. The positive correlation of r=0.83 between continuum index and soil moisture content was observed. In the polar ordinations ten communities of Pinus densiflora, Quercus monogolica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Daphniphyllum macropodum, carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus aliena-Carpinus tschonoskii, Torreya nucifera, Cornus controversa-Lindera erythrocarpa and Zelkova serrata were identified. However, continuous distribution pattern of ten communities mentioned above could be regarded as a vegetational continuum. The results of these ordinations also were corresponded to those of phytosociological classification.