• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.290-294
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• 2007

Interspecific hybrid seedlings by artificial crossing of Genus Quercus (Q. serrata, Q. dentata, Q. mongolica var. crispula, Q. aliena) were planted at nursery in Tottori University. Seedlings of hybrids by natural crossing(Q. fabri and $Q.{\times}mccormickii$) were selected and planted at Hiruzen district in Tottori University. Artificial interspecific hybrid $F_1$ and natural hybrid $F_1$ bloomed when they were 4 years old and 3 years old, respectively. The pollen fertility and seed viability were investigated from the bloomed individuals in 2001. The germination percentages of the pollens of artificial interspecific hybrid were more than 84% except one individual, and the extension of pollen tubes was normal. The normal seed percentages of artificial interspecific hybrid were more than 90% similar to parents. Germination percentages of normal seed of natural crossing family were more than 64%, respectively, and selfed offsprings of Q. fabri, and $Q.{\times}mccormickii$ hade high reproductive ability.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-50
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• 1997

This study was carried out in a part of conservative plans recovering natural ecosystem which will be submerged, as Hoengseong dam is being constructed around Hoengseong-Eup and Gabcheon-Myun. The submerged area was divided into 7 small areas to figure out what kinds of species of plants are and will be according to detailed geographic characteristics. In the center of the subdivided areas, Degree of Green Naturality, standing biomass, net 36production per year, and composition of plant species were investigated. The results are as following; 1. The surveyed area was classified into 8 degree by Degree of Green Naturality, and the appeared degree and the rate of occupation were 0(3.1%), 1(5.3%), 2(28.2%), 3(0.1%), 5(0.2%), 7(4.6%), 7(44.7%), and 8(13.8%). 2. Standing biomass was 88,436.3 ton/year and net production per year was 12,960.3 ton/year. 3. The list of vascular plants identified in this study consisted of 86 families, 221 genera, 1 variety, 3 formae and 306 species, totally summiting upto 310 species. 4. The 7 surveyed areas were largely occupied by Pinus community. In addition, there were Quercus mongolica, Quercus dentata, and Quercus acutissima communities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 2008

This study was conducted to estimate volume growth rates for major Quercus species distributed in Korea, and based on the data collected from the 5th National Forest Inventory. Volume growth rates were estimated by each age class for each species, and their similarity or distinction was statistically analyzed. It was also intended to compare the resulted volume growth rates with the existing growth rates, and to develope a volume growth rate estimation model for the Quercus species. Six major Quercus species were considered in this study; Quercus acutissima, Quercus aliena, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Quercus dentata, and Quercus mongolica. Based on the data collected from the 5th National Forest Inventory, the diameter growth rates and the height growth rates were estimated for each species, and then the volume growth rates were estimated with the given diameter and height growth rates. To examine the distinction between species or age classes, statistical analyses such as ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test were applied. The results indicated that the volume growth rate was 10% in the age class II, 6% in the age class III, and lower in the subsequent classes. In addition, the volume growth rates of Quercus acutissima, Quercus aliena, and Quercus serrata were relatively high compared to those of Quercus variabilis, Quercus dentata, and Quercus mongolica. According to their growth rates, the six Quercus species were classified into two groups; high-growth-rate group and low-growth-rate group. Statistical analysis conducted to examine the difference between and within the groups showed that there is no significant difference within groups, while significant between groups. Based on the results, volume growth rate estimation model were finally developed for each group. The classification of the Quercus species suggested in this study was not the same with that of existing volume growth estimation. Thus, it is necessary to improve the existing volume growth rate or its estimation system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the annual variation in diameter growth of Quercus spp. and climatic factors such as monthly temperature, precipitation and solar radiation in central and northern Korea. Annual diameter growth was measured by using stem cores of 262 Quercus trees, and the correlation between the diameter growth and the climatic factors was analyzed. Mean diameter growth of Quercus spp. in Jungwangsan was larger than that in Woraksan, and mean diameter growth by the species was large in order of Q. serrata>Q. variablis>Q. mongolica>Q. dentata. The diameter growth pattern of Quercus spp. in Woraksan was different from that in Jungwangsan. Positive correlations between diameter growth of Quercus trees and temperature or the solar radiation during July were found in Jungwangsan. Significant correlations between diameter growth and solar radiation during March and precipitation during June were found in Woraksan. It is suggested that climatic factors similarly affect the diameter growth of Quercus spp. in a mountainous terrain, but influences of the climatic factors depend on other environmental conditions such as altitude, topography and soil depth.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

This study is to analyze the growth response of the Quercus dentata seedlings to four environmental factors and measure the ecological niche breadth. Environmental factors were light, moisture content, soil texture, and organic matter, treated with four gradients. The more quantity light increased, the heavier the leaves biomass, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and plant biomass was. In treatment of water content and soil texture, growth response was no difference. The more organic matter increased, the heavier aboveground biomass was, but the remaining trait of plant was no difference. The ecological niche breadth was 0.865 in light, 0.995 in moisture content, 0.994 in soil texture and 0.988 in nutrient. Ecological niche breadth was the widest in the moisture content treatment and the narrowest in the light treatment. This means that the growth of Q. dentata seedlings grows well as the amount of light increases, and is sensitive to light, Thus, it is determined a growth and ecological niche breadth by light factors.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 2010

Native oak tree species dominate the deciduous forests of South Korea. Although the acorns of these oak trees represent the main food source for many wildlife species, information pertaining to their nutrient composition and associated seasonal changes is limited. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the seasonal changes in the acorn nutrient composition of six oak species in terms of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) concentrations, Quercus acutissima, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, and Q. serrata. The results indicated that N concentrations of Q. aliena acorns were constant, whereas those of Q. dentata changed over the seasons. Those of Q. acutissima acorns were higher in summer and autumn but Q. mongolica acorns were higher in spring and summer. Q. serrata acorns were highest in autumn but Q. variabilis acorns were found to be the lowest in N concentration. P concentrations of acorns of six species tended to decline in the summer but increased in the spring and autumn. Ca and Mg concentrations showed an obvious trend of decline over the seasons for all species except Q. mongolica. Na concentrations of Q. aliena, Q. dentata, and Q. serrata acorns were constant over the seasons whereas those of Q. dentata tended to increase. Q. variabilis acorns were highest in autumn but Q. acutissima acorns were lowest in Na concentration. Overall, these results showed that acorn nutrient composition varies by season, and that the nature of the variability is largely species dependent.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.277-285
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• 1999

To develop a better restoration technique for altering urban planted forest to more natural forest, the changes of flora, vegetation structure and woody plant growth in the early stage after lumbering only Populus albaglandulosa of the tree layer were studied in Chungdam Park, Chungdam-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul for two years (from 1997 to 1998). The results were as follow. First, in the year after lumbering, the species changes occurred not in woody plants but in herbs, which increased by 44%. Three species including Viola verecunda disappeared, and 15 species including ruderals such as Metaplexis japonica and introduced species such as Erechtites hieracifolia appeared newly. Second, lumbering caused the coverages of Quercus aliena, Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima and Sorbus alnifolia in the subtree, or shrub layer, to be increased abruptly. The coverage of Lespedeza bicolor was affected by neighboring plants. Third, in the herb layer the coverage of Artemisia keiskeana was conspicuously increased but those of the others were not. Fourth, by ridding the upper layer canopy, Quercus' growth rates were increased highly. Rates of DBH growth of Q. aliena, Q. mongolica and Q. dentata were increased to 53.0%, 22.9% and 8% in the experimental area, and 23.1%, 8.3% and 6.1% in the control area, respectively, during two growing seasons (from May 11, 1997 to October 27, 1998). The ratios of twig biomasses of the previous year to the next year were 100:565 in Q. aliena, 100:197 in Q. mongolica and 100:644 in Q. dentata in the experimental area. There were also growth ratios of 100:117 in Q. aliena, 100:100 in Q. mongolica and 100:42 in Q. dentata in the control area, respectively. The growth rate increases of Q. aliena and Q. dentata were thus conspicuous in twig rather than in trunk, but that of Q. mongolica was vice versa.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 2005

Vegetation composition and structure of forest community around Mt. Kumbong, Uiseong-Gun, Korea, were studied using a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Vegetation types and various ecological characteristics including constancy classes, relative coverage, species diversity and interspecific similarity of the major component species were analyzed. Seventy relatives were sampled in $100 m^2$ plots. Forest communities were grouped into mountain vegetation and lower-valley vegetation. The former were divided into 3 communities (Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis and Quercus dentata communities). The latter was an Acer mono community. Vegetation units were classified into ten groups. Woody vegetation coverage was $50\~65\%$. The lower-valley vegetation type showed from $2.06\pm0.25\;to\;2.31\pm0.26$ in the species diversity. The species showing interspecific similarity over 0.5 with Quercus mongolica appeared to be Pinus densiflora, Quercus dentata and Tilia amurensis in the tree and subtree layer, and Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Carex humilis and Carex siderostica in the shrub and herb layer, The species showing higher interspecific similarity with Acer mono were Cornus controversa and Ulmus davidiana in the tree and subtree layer, and Philadelphus schrenchkii and Aristolochia manshuriensis in the shrub and herb layer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.468-473
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• 2007

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.881-889
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• 2007

The flora of vascular plants in Jangsanbong located at Busan Metropolitan City was investigated from April 2003 to April 2004. Vascular plants in the surveyed area were 254 taxa that belonged to 78 families, 175 genera, 218 species, 34 varieties, and 2 forma. Among them, 20 taxa of evergreen broad trees, 31 taxa of naturalized plants were identified, and especially Rubus trifidus was first recorded in Busan. In the upper part of a circular road dominant species was Pinus thunbergii. In the lower part of a circular road and the coastal area, dominant species were Platycarya strobilacea, Clerodendron trichotomum, Euscaphis japonica, Quercus aliena, Quercus dentata, Mallotus japonicus, which distribute mainly in the subtropical and temperate zone. In the surveyed area, the canopy consistsed of tall trees, Pinus thunbergii, and the understratum were trees such as Eurya japonica, Ficus erecta, Ligustrum japonicum, Prunus sargentii, and Celtis sinensis var. japonica.