• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2008

Infection of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) gives rise to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in children. Although renal involvement is rare, diverse renal manifestations are known from hematuria to acute renal failure. Secondary membranous nephropathy(MN) associated with systemic EBV infection is an uncommon renal pathology and only two cases have been reported. We are adding another case of MN associated with EBV infection in a child. An 8-year-old girl was admitted for renal biopsy. She had been followed up for microscopic hematuria and intermittent proteinuria for 5 months. There had been no specific findings in serology and radiology. Tonsil biopsy had been done due to exudative tonsillar hypertrophy and enlarged multiple cervical lymph nodes. And it showed EBV-associated lymphoproliferative findings. Serologic tests for EBV showed positive evidence of recent infection; viral capsid antigen(VCA) IgM was borderline positive, VCA IgG and early antigen IgG were positive, and EB nuclear antigen IgG was negative. In Situ Hybridization of tonsil for EBV mRNA was positive. Because her proteinuria and hematuria were aggravated at that time(protein 3 +, RBC >60/HPF), renal biopsy was done. Renal biopsy showed the findings of MN, characterized by thickened capillary walls with epimembranous spikes on light microscopy and subepithelial, mesangial and subendothelial electron dense deposits on electron microscopy. On immunofluorescence microscopy, IgG, C1q, kappa and lambda chains were positive. After steroid administration, proteinuria and hematuria resolved gradually within 6 months.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.845-852
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• 2014

Among various abiotic stress factors, soil salinity decreases the photosynthetic rate, growth, and yield of plants. Recently, many genes have been reported to enhance salt tolerance. The objective of this study was to characterize the Brassica rapa Salt Stress Resistance (BrSSR) gene, of which the function was unclear, although the full-length sequence was known. To characterize the role of BrSSR, a B. rapa Chinese cabbage inbred line ('CT001') was transformed with pSL94 vector containing the full length BrSSR cDNA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of BrSSR in the transgenic line was 2.59-fold higher than that in the wild type. Analysis of phenotypic characteristics showed that plants overexpressing BrSSR were resistant to salinity stress and showed normal growth. Microarray analysis of BrSSR over-expressing plants confirmed that BrSSR was strongly associated with ERD15 (AT2G41430), a gene encoding a protein containing a PAM2 motif (AT4G14270), and GABA-T (AT3G22200), all of which have been associated with salt tolerance, in the co-expression network of genes related to salt stress. The results of this study indicate that BrSSR plays an important role in plant growth and tolerance to salinity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.785-794
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• 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate quality changes in traditional Doenjang and manufactured Doenjang during a storage period of 8 weeks. Low-salt Doenjang and commercial Doenjang were purchased from different manufacturers and proximate analysis as well as changes in isoflavone, polyphenol, flavonoid contents of the samples were investigated using a mass spectrophotometer. The salinity of traditional Doenjang, low salt Doenjang, and commercial Doenjang were $13.2{\pm}1.15$, $7.17{\pm}2.74$, $10.67{\pm}0.35%$, respectively and the salt concentrations of the soybean pastes did not change during storage. After 8 weeks at $35^{\circ}C$, chromatic values of all the paste samples decreased somewhat, with traditional Doenjang exhibiting fewer changes as compared to manufactured Doenjang. Amino acid nitrogen, acidity, microbial population all tended to increase with time, although some samples showed fluctuations during the test period. Moreover, the total isoflavone contents of traditional Doenjang increased with storage time while that of manufactured Doenjang tended to decrease. The isoflavone aglycone was shown to be the highest in traditional Doenjang, while isoflavone glycoside was abundant in manufactured Doenjang. Total flavonoid contents showed similar trends regardless of samples; initial contents of total flavonoid was 0.6 mg/g which increased to more than twice to 1.4 mg/g at the end of storage period. Composition profile of Doenjang extracts was analyzed using UPLC-Q-ToF.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.190-200
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• 2001

An ecological study was performed to investigate the community structure of the benthic macrofaunal assemblage on the Cheokjeon tidal flat, Incheon, Korea. Benthic samples were collected between Sept. 1990 and July1992 at three stations to compare environmental factors with the structure of benthic community among station sand seasons. Overall, macrofauna comprised a total of 111 species, and the mean density (708.1 md./$m^2$) and biomass (214.9gWWt/$m^2$). The number of species and individuals of polychaetes, molluscs and crustaceans made up more than 80% of the total number. On the other hand, in terms of biomass, bivalves and holothuroideans indicated that they were the dominant faunal groups. Hierarchical classification using the Bray-Curtis coefficient categorized samples into 3 station and 4 faunal groups. In terms of q-mode, there consisted of upper, middle and low tidal flat stations, respectively. And four faunistic groups were established as follows: 1) Heteromastus filifomis-Mactra veneriformis-Solen strictus-Ilyoplax finggi (wide-ranging elevation specialists), 2)Nephtys chemulpoensis-Macrophthalmus gaponicus (high elevation specialists), 3) Glycera subaenea-Decorifer matusimana-Tritodynamia (middle elevation specialists) and 4) Nephtys polybranchia-Borniopsis tsurumaru-Asthenognathus inaequipes-Protankyra bidentata (low elevation Specialists).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2007

The field emission properties of CNT-emitters coated with Ag-Cu alloy have been investigated. The vertical aligned multi-walled CNTs were synthesized by dc-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (dc-PECVD) and the Ag-Cu alloy was coated by using dc-magnetron sputter. The morphology of alloy-coated and un-coated CNT-emitters was observed by using SEM and their field emission properties were also measured. Annealing the AgCu-coated CNTs at temperature more than ${\sim}700^{\circ}C$, the Ag-Cu alloy was diffused to and aggregated on the top of the CNT as a Q-tip. A significant progress on the field emission was not observed with coating Ag-Cu alloy on the CNTs, but a certain improvement in a resistance against oxygen gas was made confirmation. It seems to be due to inertness of Ag-Cu alloy on the CNTs.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.704-711
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• 2010

Lignocellulose ($2^{nd}$ generation) is difficult to hydrolyze due to the presence of lignin and the technology developed for cellulose fermentation to ethanol is not yet economically viable. However, recent advances in the extremely new field of biotechnology for the ethanol production are making it possible to use of agriculture residuals and nonedible crops biomass, e.q., rice straw and miscanthus sinensis, because of their several superior aspects as agriculture residual and nonedible crops biomass; low lignin, high contents of carbohydrates. In this article, as the basic study of AP(Ammonia Percolation), the properties and the optium conditions of process were established, and then the overall efficiency of AP was investigated. The important independent variables for AP process were selected as ammonia concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The percolation condition for maximizing the content of cellulose, the enzymatic digestibility, and the lignin removal was optimized using RSM(Response Surface Methodology). The determined optimum condition is ammonia concentration; 11.27%, reaction temperature; $157.75^{\circ}C$, and reaction time; 10.01 min. The satisfying results were obtained under this optimized condition, that is, the results are as follows: cellulose content(relative); 39.98%, lignin content(relative); 8.01%, and enzymatic digestibility; 85.89%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 2014

High levels of extracellular xylanase activity (211.79 IU/mg) produced by Paenibacillus sp. NF1 were detected when it was submerged-cultured. After three consecutive purification steps using Octyl-Sepharose, Sephadex G75, and Q-Sepharose columns, a thermostable xylanase (XynNF) was purified to homogeneity and showed a molecular mass of 37 kDa according to SDS-PAGE. The specific activity of the purified XynNF was up to 3,081.05 IU/mg with a 14.55-fold purification. The activity of XynNF was stimulated by $Ca^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, DTT, and ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol, but was inhibited by $Fe^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, SDS, and EDTA. The purified XynNF displayed a greater affinity for oat spelt xylan with the maximal enzymatic activity at $60^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. XynNF, which was shown to be cellulose-free, with high stability at high temperature ($70^{\circ}C-80^{\circ}C$) and low pH range (pH 4.0-7.0), is potentially valuable for various industrial applications. The enzyme hydrolyzed oat spelt xylan to yield mainly xylooligosaccharides (95.8%) of 2-4 degree of polymerization (DP2-4). Moreover, the majority of the xylooligosacharides (DP2-4) products was xylobiose (61.5%). The thermostable xylanase (XynNF) thus seems potentially usefull in the production of xylooligosaccharides.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1951-1964
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• 2016

1,4-Dioxane-degrading bacterial consortia were enriched from forest soil (FS) and activated sludge (AS) using a defined medium containing 1,4-dioxane as the sole carbon source. These two enrichments cultures appeared to have inducible tetrahydrofuran/dioxane and propane degradation enzymes. According to qPCR results on the 16S rRNA and soluble di-iron monooxygenase genes, the relative abundances of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria to total bacteria in FS and AS were 29.4% and 57.8%, respectively. For FS, the cell growth yields (Y), maximum specific degradation rate ($V_{max}$), and half-saturation concentration ($K_m$) were 0.58 mg-protein/mg-dioxane, $0.037mg-dioxane/mg-protein{\cdot}h$, and 93.9 mg/l, respectively. For AS, Y, $V_{max}$, and $K_m$ were 0.34 mg-protein/mg-dioxane, $0.078mg-dioxane/mg-protein{\cdot}h$, and 181.3 mg/l, respectively. These kinetics data of FS and AS were similar to previously reported values. Based on bacterial community analysis on 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two enrichment cultures, the FS consortium was identified to contain 38.3% of Mycobacterium and 10.6% of Afipia, similar to previously reported literature. Meanwhile, 49.5% of the AS consortium belonged to the candidate division TM7, which has never been reported to be involved in 1,4-dioxane biodegradation. However, recent studies suggested that TM7 bacteria were associated with degradation of non-biodegradable and hazardous materials. Therefore, our results showed that previously unknown 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria might play an important role in enriched AS. Although the metabolic capability and ecophysiological significance of the predominant TM7 bacteria in AS enrichment culture remain unclear, our data reveal hidden characteristics of the TM7 phylum and provide a perspective for studying this previously uncultured phylotype.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2015

This study was investigated to analyze stand structure in Daegu Dodong T.orientalis Forest for conservation Thuja orientalis forest. Results of cluster analysis, it was classified to Quercus variabilis group(A), Quercus variabilis-Quercus mongolica group(B), Pinus densiflora group(C), Thuja orientalis group(D). Charaters of location environments for D group were analyzed that altitude 99.3 m, slope $59^{\circ}$, rock exposure 68.3%, BHA $21.8m^2/ha$ and North West aspects. The MRPP-test, It classified groups, appropriately. Importance value of D group was T. orientalis 85.42, Q. variabilis 1.28, P.densiflora 1.30, Fraxinus rhynchophylla 3.56 etc. DBH classes of D group were expressed inverted-J-shaped curve. H' was resulted in 0.600~0.834, H'max 1.317~1.466, J' 0.456~0.594, D' 0.405~0.544. Indecator species Analysis were conducted that woody plants were 4 taxa, Herbal plants 9 taxa.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 1963

1. Objects The experiments of catalytic aharcoaling were carried out for the fallowing purposes. (1) To determine the economically desirable amount of catalytic materials to be used when a catalytic charcoaling is practiced. (2) To observe the rate of carbonization of non-treated charcoal wood when the catalytic charcoaling is proceeded in the same charcoal pit. 2. Meterials (1) Small sample chips made of oak (Q. accutissima Carr.), measured by 0.5cm in width and thickness, respectively, and 1cm in length, were used as charcoal wood in each experiment. (2) Ammonium chloride was used as a catalytic material and electric kiln as a charcoaling apparatus. 3. Experiment (1) The sample chips were put into a electric oven for three hours at the temperature $60^{\circ}{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ in order to reduce some water contents. (2) Oven dried sample chips were then soaked for an hour in solution of ammonium chloride. Three kinds of solution were prepared, that is, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, solution in which the amount of ammonium chloride used was weighed at the rate of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% to the total weight of the sample chips, resppectivelly. (3) Soaked sample chips were put in the air for 12 hours to reduce some water contents, and then were put into electric oven for 2 hours at the temperature $105^{\circ}{\sim}110^{\circ}C$. (4) Dried sample chips were kept in a desiccator with control sample chips which were treated excarly the same process as the treated sample chips except only not using the ammonium chloride in the process of soking. (5) Sample chips kept in the desiccator were used at random in each charcoaling experiment. (6) Charcoaling in the electric kiln were carried out by using small crucibles with complete cover to reduce the amount of ash. At each charcoaling experiment four crucibles filled with sample ships, weighed about 20gr, were put into electric kiln. The charcoaling was continued for an hour at the temperature $400^{\circ}{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. (7) In order to investigate the influence given by the gases produced during the catalytic charcoaling to the rate of carbonization of non-treated sample chips, the following experiment was done. (a) A crueible was divided into two parts by inserting a fine iron net at the middle of the crucible, and then non-treated sample chips, weighed about 10gr, were put in the upper part of the crucible and treated sample chips, weighed also about 10gr, were put in the under part. (b) The crucibles filled with two kinds of sample chips were put into a electric kiln for an hour at the temperature $400^{\circ}{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. 4. Results. Results for two replications (with four crucibles in one replication) for each experiment designed are as follows : (1) The rats of carbonization of the non treated sample chips, and that of the treated sample chips with ammonium chloride at the rate of 1.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% to the total weight of the sample chips used were averaged at 19.85%, 22.63%, 24.14%, and 26.60%, respectively. (2) The rats of carbonization of the non-treated sample chips were averaged at (a) 20.04% (0.5% treatment), (b) 20.28% (1.0% treatment), and (c) 20.61% (2.0% treatment) when the treated sample chips were carbonized in the same crucible.