• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.311-317
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• 1990

Intraspecific and interspecific protoplast fusions in/between C. thermocellum and C. thermohydrosulfuricum were studied. Protoplast fusions were well induced in 30-40% PEG solution, however, their fusion frequencies were low level of 1.2*10$^{-7}$ for intraspecific fusion of C. thermocellum, $6.7*10^{-7}$ for C. thermohydrosulfuricum, and 4.2*10$^{-7}$ for interspecific fusion between above two Clostridia, respectively. Most fusants were unstable and segregated after 3 subcultures. Relatively stable intraspecific C. thermocellum fusant FTT17, intraspecific C. thermohydrosulfurecum fusant FSS22 and interspecific fusant FTS3, which were stable after several subcultures, were selected and properties of fusants were further investigated, Phenotypes of the fusants were similar with wild types mostly in cellular morphology, carbon source assimilation and enzyme activities. However they were differed in assimilation of pyruvic acid and sorbitol as carbon source. The DNA contents of fusants were slightly increased compared with wild types. Ethanol production by intraspecific and/or interspecific fusants was not increased, however, acetic acid production as byproduct was decreased or not detected, which indicates that industrial thermophilic anaerobes can be improved by means of protoplast fusion of two strains.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.519-525
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• 1999

The effects of Ganoderma Lucidum consumption (GL) on the liver function and lipid metabolic disorder induced by alcohol consuming were studied in rats using GL powder(1%, 2%, 4%) and 10% ethly alcohol. Thirty-five rats(Sprague-Dawley, male) were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for seven weeks. The concentrations of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were the highest in the alcohol group, while the levels were apparently reduced by in groups fed GL. The atherogenic indices(AI) also tended to be higher in the alcohol group. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities were significantly lower in body alcohol + 2% GL and alcohol + 4% GL groups, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities lower only in the alcohol + 2% GL compared with the alcohol group. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities were not significantly different among the groups. The elevated levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride due to alcohol consumption, were apparently reduced by GL supplementation. On microscopic observation of liver tissues, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, while fat droplets appeared only on the central vein in the alcohol + 1% GL group. However, in groups administered 2% and 4% GL, fat droplets appeared similar to the alcohol group. The concentrations of fecal bile acid were significantly increased in groups fed GL. These results indicate that GL exerted some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorder caused by long-term alcohol consumption. Thus, it seems that GL may be effective in preventing or curing some aspects of alcohol toxicity. More detailed studies are needed in order to determine proper dietary levels of GL for combating alcohol toxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 1985

Qualitative and quantitative analysis for carbonyl compounds contained in the five kinds of filtrated myulchichuts have been made using HPLC. Carbonyl compounds were separated by converting them into 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives which, in turn extracting with hexane. The extract was dehydrated, filtered and examined on HPLC with $C_{18}column$. The quantitative determination of carbonyl species was achieved using standard calibration technique. Highly reproduceable results were obtained by this methods and the amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives were highly correlative to peak heights. As the results, we find that the seven kinds of carbonyl compounds are contained in each of myulchichuts examined in this study. Five of which are identified as pyruvic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and butanone. But the amounts of carbonyl compounds vary widely with the kinds of the filtrated myulchichuts.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2001

Effect of Quartz porphyry(QP) on clinical chemical parameters of serum in male white java sparrow by feeding the basal diet(Control group) containing 3.0% QP(QP group) for 14 days was studied. Body weight gain, feed intake, the weight of the gizzard and the heart were not significantly different in the both groups. However, the weights of kidney and liver in the QP group were higher than in the control group. The contents of triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and albumin, and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in serum were not significantly different in the both groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum was higher in the QP group than in the control group.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.184-187
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• 2002

Lovastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent, which plays a role of an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA). When thiamine was supplemented in 3L batch fermentation, the production of lovastatin was improved. At the same time, the levels of pyruvic acid and NAD(P)H were estimated in the course of the fermentation of A. terreus. For the high level production of lovastatin, semi fed-batch fermentation was performed. And the thiamine level was maintained to a concentration of 20 mg/L and glucose was supplied. The final dry cell weight was lowered by 30 % and final lovastatin concentration was increased by 33 %. Final lovastatin concentration of 3.3 g/L was achieved in 8 days.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2008

Cell cultures of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari were grown in shake flasks and a bioreactor and an increase in guggulsterone accumulation up to $18{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ was recorded in cells grown in the production medium containing a combination of sucrose:glucose (4% total), precursors (phenylalanine, pyruvic acid, xylose, and sodium acetate), morphactin, and 2iP. A yield of $10g\;l^{-1}$ biomass and ${\sim}200{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ guggulsterone was recorded in a 3-l flask and in a 2-l stirred tank bioreactor compared with 6.6 g biomass and $67{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$ guggulsterone in 250-ml flasks. Increased vessel size was correlated with increased biomass and guggulsterone accumulation. 2iP alone was not effective for biomass and guggulsterone accumulation in cell cultures of C. wightii.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.323-327
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• 1987

A. niger, A. shirousamii와 A. kawachii로 제조한 코오지와 누룩을 단용 또는 혼용하여 담금한 탁주 발효 과정 중 무기질, 아미노산 및 유기산의 소장을 검토한 결과 무기질 함량(ppm)은 Ca이 $1.50{\sim}15.20$으로 누룩구보다 코오지 구가 많았으며 Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn은 각각 $0.22{\sim}0.25,\;1.60{\sim}2.10,\;0.17{\sim}0.55,\;0.68{\sim}l.00$으로 모든 구에서 비슷하였고 K, Mg, Na, P는 각각 $3.00{\sim}40.50,\;5.25{\sim}19.50,\;1.43{\sim}2.95,\;3.00{\sim}63.00$으로 코오지구보다 누룩구에서 많았다. 유리 아미노산의 조성은 aspartic acid를 비롯한 16종이 검출되었다. 총유리 아미노산의 함량은 A. niger 누룩구가 811.86mg%로 가장 높았으며 주된 아미노산은 glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine이였고, A.kawachii 코오지구는 106.93mg%로 가장 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. 각 시험구의 유기산은 citric acid와 tartaric acid, pyruric acid, malic acid, acetic acid 등의 함량이 각각 $80.0{\sim}637.5,\;0{\sim}105.0,\;70.4{\sim}135.0,\;592.5{\sim}1425.0,\;32.5{\sim}87.5mg%$이었고 이 중에서 lactic acid, citric acid와 tartaric acid가 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Influence of physiological and environmental factors on an antagonistic strain of Trichoderma viride RSR7 were studied optimize its biocontrol potential. The growth and sporulation of T. viride was greatly influenced by various carbon and nitrogen sources, and the environmental factors such as pH and temperature. The best growth and sporulation of T. viride was observed when sucrose, peptone and trehalose were supplemented in the medium as sole carbon sources. Rhamnose, pyruvic acid and sorbitol also supported a good growth. However, with these carbon sources the sporulation was poor. Growth and sporulation was also affected by various nitrogen sources. Growth and sporulation both were favoured by ammonium forms of nitrogen compared to nitrite or nitrate forms. Urea did not support either growth or sporulation. Among amino acids, glutamic acid, asparagine, leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine supported good growth as well as sporulation. T. viride was able to utilize large number of amino acids as sole nitrogen source. Proline was good for growth, but not for sporulation. Maximum growth and sporulation of T. viride was between pH 4.5 to 5.5. Temperatures between $20^{\circ}C\;and\;37^{\circ}C$ were good for both growth and sporulation of T. viride. At lower temperatures(i.e. below $20^{\circ}C$) growth and sporulation were inhibited. Based on the present study it may be concluded that T. viride RSR7 is capable of growing and sporulating with varied nutritional and environmental conditions and, therefore, this strain of T. viride may be useful as a biocontrol agent under diverse physiological and environmental conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2013

Bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), has recently developed resistance to the available antibiotics. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling and multivariate analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between timedependent metabolite changes and antimicrobial activities against Xoo over the course of Phomopsis longicolla S1B4 fermentation. Metabolites were clearly differentiated based on fermentation time into phase 1 (days 4-8) and phase 2 (days 10-20) in the principal component analysis (PCA) plot. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolites contributing significantly for phases 1 and 2 were deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, fusaristatin A, and dicerandrols A, B, and C as identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and dimethylglycine, isobutyric acid, pyruvic acid, ribofuranose, galactofuranose, fructose, arabinose, hexitol, myristic acid, and propylstearic acid were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling. The most significantly different secondary metabolites, especially deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, and dicerandrol A, B and C, were positively correlated with antibacterial activity against Xoo during fermentation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1990

녹변현상을 나타내는 마늘의 주요 구성성분의 함량을 건전한 마늘과 비교하였고 녹변의 진행에 관련한 몇 가지 인자의 영향에 관한 실험을 수행하였다. 마늘에 함유된 유기산 중 피르브산 및 숙신산, 아미노산 중 아르기닌, 지방산 중 리놀레산 및 리놀렌산은 녹변이 발생하는 마늘이 건전한 마늘에 비해 높은 값을 보였으며 전기영동에 의한 단백질의 양상에 있어서는 45-66.2kd 부근에서 큰 차이를 보였다. 한편 마늘의 녹변반응은 pH, 온도, 반응시간 및 에틸알콜농도에 의존성을 보였으며 pH 5.5의 완충용액에 현탁시켜 $50^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열처리시 녹변도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.