• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.403-410
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• 2000

The Ultrasonographic method alas been widely applied to evaluating gastric motility with safety and reproducibility ill human medicine but few reference to its use in veterinary medicine is appeared. Therefore, in this study, the gastric motility was evaluated with ultrasonography by the cri-terion of mean cycle lime, short and lony axis and the area of pyloric antrum in dogs, fed with liquid of semisolid meals. Furthermore, the animals were evaluated for the effect of metoclopramide on the motility of pyloric antrum. Healthy 5 mongrel male dogs were fed with either 400 ml of milk a: a liquid meal or a mixed meal of 200 ml of milk with two pieces of bread as a semisolid meal. Mean cycle time of pyloric antrum of dogs was significantly delayed after feeding either of liquid and , semi- solid meals(P<0.05), alls it was returned to the fasting state at 60 min. after feeding of liquid meal and 160 min. after feeding of semisolid meal. Mean area of pyloric antrum of dogs was gradually decreased and was returned to the lasting state at 80 min. in doss fed liquid meal. but 1600 min. in dog\ulcorner fed semisolid meal. The administration of metoclopramide (1.0 mg/kg of of B.W.) accelerated the mean cycle time of pyloric antrum from 20 mill. to 60 min. after feeding of liquid meal and from 40 min. to 120 min. after feeding of semisolid meal. From this study, the ultrasonography was confirmed as a valuable diagnostic method leer evaluating the gastric motility and gastric area in dogs. It is non-invasive, safe and reproducible, and provides a method for the study of the effect of drugs and diseases states on gastric motility.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2010

Recently some researches have established that the melatonin, secreted by pineal gland, may evoke the changes of contractile responses on smooth muscles. We examined the effects of melatonin on the motility of rat pyloric antrum and which mechanism might be involved in the effects. Pyloric antral strips from the stomach of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for isometric tension recording in organ bath. The strips were precontracted by acetylcholine and high-KCl solutions. In precontracted conditions the tensions were increased by accumulative application of melatonin ($10^{-8}-10^{-4}$ M) dose-dependently, even in resting states. And the effects were almost disappeared when the concentrations of ACh were over than 10 ${\mu}M$. The effects of melatonin were inhibited by pretreatment of 10 mM TEA and/or 10 ${\mu}M$ 4-AP and rarely affected by pretreatment of 1 mM TEA, 10 ${\mu}M$ glibenclamide and 10 ${\mu}M$ verapamil respectively. From these results it is concluded that the contractile responses of smooth muscles of rat pyloric antrum were enhanced by melatonin application and the mechanism might be concerned with the inhibition of some voltage-dependent potassium channels.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.574-577
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate gastric motility of conscious minipigs with ultrasonography from contraction number of the pyloric antrum and gastric emptying time (GET). Five-month-old, clinically healthy minipigs weighing 13.5-15 kg were used for this experiment. Assessment of gastric motility was performed using saline (10 ml/kg) in all five minipigs. Contraction number of the pyloric antrum for 3 minutes and gastric emptying time were calculated. Gastric emptying time was considered to be the time at which the antral area returned to the basal value. The mean value of contraction number of the pyloric antrum before feeding was 1.60${\pm}$2.30 (mean${\pm}$SD) for 3 min and the overall mean value after saline administration was 5.40${\pm}$3.62 for 3 min. The mean value of GET by area was 58.06${\pm}$5.23 min. This data can be used as basic database for evaluation of gastric motility in minipigs as normal and various experimental models.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.383-387
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• 1994

The purpose of this report is to describe the radiographic patterns of canine gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome derived from a case. Radiographs showed the presence of a large amount of gas, fluid and ingesta within the stomach. The gas-filled pyloric antrum was present in the left cranial abdomen in the ventrodorsal view, and located dorsal and slightly cranial to the gas-filled fundus of the stomach in the right lateral recumbent and standing lateral view. On the right lateral recumbent view, the gas-filled stomach was compartmentalized by a soft-tissue dense band caused by the pyloric antral wall folding back and contacting the fundic wall. It was thought that the gastric volvulus in this case occurred In a clock. wise direction by radiographic findings.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2000

Gastroduodenal intussusception, an invagination of a part of the gastric wall through the pyloric canal into the duodenum is a rare condition. Gastroduodenal intussusception is caused by a mobile usually benign gastric tumor. However, gastroduodenal intussusception by gastric submucosal hemangiomatosis is not documented. We have managed a case of gastric submucosal tumor leading to gastroduodenal intussusception in 2 years and 10 months old boy. The tumor was $10{\times}5{\times}3cm$ in size in posterior wall of gastric antrum. Laparotomy, manual reduction of the intussusception, and wedge resection of posterior gastric wall including the tumor were performed. Pathologic diagnosis was a submucosal hemangiomatosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 2012

A 12-year-old castrated male Shih-tzu dog presented with vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. The patient's medical history and hematological, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and endoscopic findings were used for diagnosis. The patient's medical history showed that he was being treated for chronic kidney disease since a few weeks. The serum biochemical analysis showed moderate azotemia. However, abdominal radiographic and ultrasonographic findings showed the presence of a mass in the pylorus area of the stomach. On gastrointestinal endoscopic examination, the proliferative mass was found in the pyloric antrum. The histopathological results of the endoscopic biopsy specimen indicated that it was strongly suspected a gastric adenoma; therefore, we surgically excised the pyloric outflow region via a Y-U pyloroplasty. The histopathological examination of the surgically excised specimen also indicated that the mass was a gastric adenoma. After surgical treatment, the patient's condition improved gradually, and the clinical symptoms diminished in approximately 3 weeks after surgery. The patient's condition was well controlled until recently, i.e., 18 months after surgery. This case report describes the clinical findings, imaging characteristics, endoscopic findings, and histopathological features of a gastric adenoma in the pyloric outflow tract of a dog.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-41
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• 2015

We report a case of long term survival on trastuzumab based treatment. A 51-year-old man with dyspepsia received esophagogastroduodenoscopy on another hospital and was transferred for further evaluation under the impression of advanced gastric cancer, Borrmann type III, antrum, lesser curvature. After further studies in our hospital, the patient was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer, adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated with pancreas invasion and lymph node metastasis. Though he was recommended with chemotherapy, he refused and left for oriental herbal medicine. After 4 months, the patient was admitted through emergency room for hematemesis. Diagnosed with gastric outlet obstruction due to gastric cancer in the antrum, he underwent the placement of pyloric metal stent insertion. Immunohistochemical staining showed HER2-positive finding, and he was treated with palliative chemotherapy of trastuzumab, capecitabine, and cisplatin, 16 times during 11 months. The patient showed neutropenia after the therapy, so cisplatin was left out, and he received combination chemotherapy of trastuzumab and capecitabine, 34 times during 25 months. Response evaluation showed no remarkable change in extent of primary stomach cancer, lymph node metastasis, and regression of metastasis site, and the patient is continuing chemotherapy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2003

Caustic ingestion can produce a progressive and devastating injury to the esophagus and stomach, In the acute stage, perforation and necrosis may occur. Long-term complications include esophageal stricture, antral stenosis and the development of esophageal cancer. Endoscopy should be performed as soon as possible in all cases to evaluate the extent and severity of damage, unless there is evidence of perforation. Endoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice. However, when the endoscopy cannot be passed through due to esophageal stricture, upper GI barium studies may be useful as a follow-up measure and in the evaluation of complications. A 44-year-old man visited our hospital complaining frequent vomiting 1 hour after ingestion of unknown amount of hydrochloric acid. At the time of arrival, the patient's oral cavity was slightly swollen and erythematous. On the endoscopic examination fourteen hour after the caustic ingestion, marked swelling of the arytenoids and circumferential ulceration with brown and black pigmentation at the upper esophagus were observed. Four weeks after the caustic injury, upper esophageal narrowing was observed and then the scope could not be advanced to the stomach. Upper GI barium study performed at that time revealed diffuse luminal narrowing of the esophagus and concentric luminal narrowing from prepyloric antrum to pylorus with disturbance of barium passage. At a week after the Upper GI study, through endoscopic examination after bougie dilatation of the esophagus, barium impaction in the stomach and the pylorus was noticed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.356-359
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• 2012

An eight-year-old, spayed female Shih-tzu, weighing 3.2 kg with a history of chronic intermittent vomiting and unknown pain for four months was referred. In ultrasonography, a small round hypoechoic mass was identified in the gastric wall. Gastric endoscopy showed a solitary raised mass with smooth surface in the pyloric antrum. Surgical resection was performed. Histopathologic findings with immunohistochemical studies showed extramedullary plasmacytoma in the gastric submucosal and muscle wall layer. The patient recovered normally without any complications. The tumor has not been re-occurred after surgical removal, to date.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2012

Abnormal gastric emptying time of dog by alien substance, neoplasm, pyloric antrum hyperplasia, stomach surgery, electrolyte imbalance, stomach-dilated torsion is clinically important as a digestive disease. Therefore study aims to provide basic data on the clinical usefulness of gastric emptying time test which uses radiopaque Kolomark developed in Korea rather than using the existing BIPS for the dog. 9 beagles were used for this experiment and their average weight was about 10.3kg with 2.5 year-old average age. For the test, fast for 12 hours was made without chemical sedation, and just before the test, 1 capsule of Kolomark was fed with 25% of daily feed amount, and we took photographs at ventrodorsal and right lateral position after 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. As for interested reading area, we observed entire stomach from cardia to stomach pyloric part, and as for analysis method, we counted Kolomarks remained in the stomach per time and judged only P value below 0.05 to be meaningful by using Friedman Test. After feeding Kolomark through oral cavity, it took average 7.55 hours for the Kolomark to have escaped from the stomach to small intestine. In this study of gastrointestinal tract passing time after feeding matured dog, we used Kolomark and expect that it could be a basic data for normal gastrokinetic time.