• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

We investigated the maturity and spawning dynamics of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus in Korean waters using samples collected by a large purse seine fishery from January 2013 to December 2017. We analyzed sex ratio, monthly maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI), Fulton's condition factor (K), and fork length at 50% group maturity. Spawning occurred from March to June, with a peak in May. We detected a significant difference in sex ratio (χ² test, P<0.05). The relationship between fork length and body weight was expressed as BW=0.0025FL^3.4693. We estimated 50% group maturity at a female fork length of 29.3 cm.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.551-562
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• 1999

The purse of this study is to identify whether ethical values of Korean nurses are deontological or utilitarian. Nurse's ethical value questionnaire was developed from review of the literature and interview of nurses in the clinical settings. Ethical problem are categorized into four areas 1) human life 2) nurse-patient relationship 3) nurse-nursing task relationship 4) nurse-collegue relationship The data were obtained from 250 nurses in the clinical settings from Jun. to July in 1998 using the ethical value questionnaire developed by Lee (1990). The analysis of data was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test and anova. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The ethical values of human life slightly took up the position of utilitarian. 2. The ethical value of nurse-patient relationship slightly took up the deontological position. 3. The ethical value of nurse-nursing task relationship slightly took up the deontological position. 4. The ethical value of nurse-collegue relationship greatly took up the deontological position. 5. The ethical values of nurses related to demographic characteristics of age, marital status, position. Therefore it is suggested that new strategies and continuing education programs be established to help clinical nurses formlulate higher ethical values.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 2012

As credit cards are more convenient than cash of heavy and volume, they are used widely in on_line (internet) and off_line in nowadays. A head of the economically active population had 4.8 credit cards in the third quarter 2011. The economically active population in their 20's and 30's may have more than 10 credit cards. If the membership card and point card are included, the count rise to 20 cards in a man. Therefore, the their purse become thick by several cards. Nowadays, the smart-phone is widely used. Therefore, a lot of credit cards are come in smarty-phone from analog form to digital form. In this paper, we study a method of digital credit cards management in smart-phone. For the method, the hardware need in small and existing system have a few change. All kinds of credit cards are used in smarty-phone. We compare the method with Moneta card and NFC of smarty-phone. The digital credit cards feature a light, safety and convenience of mobile users in several ways.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 2020

The curvature of wound boundaries has been identified as a key modulator that determines a type of force responsible for cell migration. While several studies report how certain curvatures of the boundary correlate with the rate at which the wound closes, it remains unclear how these curvatures are spatiotemporally formed to regulate the healing process. We investigated the dynamic changes in the boundary curvatures by visualizing cell migration patterns. Locally, cells at the convex boundary continuously move forward with transmitting kinetic responses behind to the cells away from the boundary, and cells at the concave boundary exhibit dramatic contracting motion, like a purse-string, when they accumulate enough negative curvatures to gain the thrust toward the void. Globally, the dynamics of boundary geometries are controlled by the diffusive flow of cells driven by the density gradient between the wound area and the cell layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2016

It is essential to provide good environment for juvenile fish to grow and spawn in order to keep reproduction mechanism of fisheries resources. However, harvesting juvenile fish deprives adult fish of the opportunity to reproduce, thereby changing self-regulating renewable resources into non-renewable ones and preventing sustainable harvesting as well as reducing fishers' income. We reviewed the catch status of Korea on juvenile mackerel and analyzed how reducing the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel may affect the spawning stock and Korean fishermen's revenue. In addition, we analyzed the problem of caching juvenile mackerel in Korean fisheries and current efforts to protect and reduce the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel in Korea. Furthermore, we suggested future efforts to protect juvenile mackerel. The result of the study showed that reducing the catch ratio of juvenile mackerel from 44.4% to 30.0% would increase fishers' revenue by 60.6 billion KRW. We suggest the changing of purse seine fishery's catching methods from night operation to day operation, relocation of fishing vessels to move to other fishing grounds when fishing vessels meet high density of juvenile mackerel, and consumers' clever choice of consuming adult mackerel in order to accelerate the move toward protecting juvenile mackerel in Korea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.650-654
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• 2007

Many vegetables contain oxalate at various levels depending on their type and family. Oxalate is known to reduce mineral bioavailability from foods. The following study was conducted to determine soluble and total oxalate contents in 32 plant samples commonly consumed in Korea using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chard, amaranth, and spinach contained total oxalate of >1,000 mg/100 g. Approximately 45% of the oxalate in amaranth is insoluble, whereas 74.46 and 92.45% of the oxalates in chard and spinach, respectively, was soluble oxalates, which may be removed by blanching. Eggplant, carrot, leak, ginger root, spinach, burdock, and sweet pepper contained more than 90% soluble oxalate in total oxalate content. However, all oxalates detected in lettuce and celery were insoluble. Oxalate was not detected in shepherd's purse, bellflower root, garlic, radish root, broccoli, cabbage, onion, lotus root, adlay, cucumber, kale, and pumpkin. These observations provide useful information needed for selection of vegetables.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

In this study, the tribology of laser patterned DLC thin film was studied. DLC thin films were coated by RF-PECVD to improve the durability of tungsten carbide (WC) materials. DLC thin films have high hardness and low friction characteristics. Dot and line patterning was processed on the surface of DLC thin film with femtosecond laser, and the coefficient of friction was improved. As a result of ball on disk abrasion test, the hardness and friction coefficient of DLC thin films were much better than that of WC material. The friction coefficient of DLC thin film with dot patterning and line patterning showed better results. The excellent performance of the laser patterned DLC coating is appeared to reduce the coefficient of friction due to the reduction of surface contact area.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of closed season policy using an integer linear programming, targeting the large purse seine fishery in Korea. In the analysis, based on Cheng and Townsend(1993), fishing effort (fishing days by month) was assumed to be distributed for profit maximization of vessels and catch of immature fish was estimated. The analytical results showed that the effects of closed season policy would vary in accordance with the monthly closures in terms of fishing profits and catch of immature fish. A closed season policy by month had different effects on fishing profits and catch of immature fish by species. It implies the importance of considering seasonal changes of fish species when limiting fishing efforts with the closed season policy.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

This study aimed to empirically investigate the applicability of ecosystem-based TAC (Total Allowable Catch) fisheries management targeting the large purse seine fishery where multi-species are regulated by TAC. Using a linear programming, the optimal fishing effort and the catch amount by species which maximize fishing profits were analyzed under the constraint condition of catch limits by species. Analytical results showed that an application of TAC on only chub mackerel would have negative impacts on fish stocks such as hairtail and jack mackerel by increasing the level of fishing effort to achieve its allocated catch limit. However, under the constraint condition of catch limits of all species, it was shown that optimal catches of all species were achieved within their catch limits. It implies the importance of ecosystem-based management considering biological and technical interactions of species those were excluded in the traditional single species fisheries management.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1333-1342
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• 2002

최근 들어 컴퓨터 통신의 확산과 함께 인터넷의 사용이 전 세계적으로 급증함에 따라 인터넷의 용도는 지금까지의 학술 및 연구를 대상으로한 정보 공유의 목적에서 인터넷을 마케팅의 대상으로 보고 이를 상업적으로 이용하려는 시도가 증가하고 있다. 이미 선진 외국의 경우에는 Mon-dex, Visa cash, Proton 등의 다양한 전자화폐 상품이 개발되어 사용되고 있으나 국제 호환성의 측면에서는 아직 미미한 형편이며 국제간 통용이 가능한 개방형 전자화폐 시스템 개발은 매우 필요하다. 소액지불 시스템의 국제 표준규격으로 인정받고 있는 CEPS(Common Electronic Purse Specification) 기반의 개방형 전자화폐 teem 시스템은 EMV(Europay, Master, Visa) 규격을 준용하고, PKI 기반의 보안기능을 채택하여 지불거래시 반드시 확보되어야 할 거래 데이타의 비밀성, 무결성, 부인방지 기능과 PIN(Personal Identification Number)를 이용한 사용자 인증을 제공하며 구매거래시 IC카드와 가맹점의 구매 단말기(POS)와의 오프라인 동적데이타 인증 (Dynamic Data Authentication) 방식의 상호인증을 제공한다. 개방형 전자화폐 teem 시스템의 구성 모듈은 발급, 충전, 구매, 정산, 인증시스템으로 구성되어 있으며, 웹기반의 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하고 DES, 3-DES, SHA-1, RSA, SEED등 다양한 암호 모듈과 다양한 어플리케이션의 탐재가 가능한 Java Card를 기반으로 하고 있으며, VOP(Visa Open Platform) 2.0,1, Java Card API 2.1 지원하는 시스템이다.