• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.92-102
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• 2010

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with more added battery capacity that can be recharged from the electric power grid. Plug-in battery electric vehicle(PBEV) is a pure electric vehicle that uses only electric motor using electricity from battery that recharged from the power grid. PHEV and PBEV requires recharging of batteries in the vehicles from electric power grid. Recently, PHEVs and PBEV are being developed around the world. It is important to understand how these electric vehicles affect power demands and carbon dioxide emissions. From vehicle customer viewpoint, running energy cost will be imporatnt factor to consider. This paper analyzes the potential impacts of PHEVs and PBEVs on electric power demand, and associated CO2 emissions in 2020 with an projection that the vehicles will be penetrated with 10% market share. Energy costs for the vehicles are also calculated and compared with the conventional combustion vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.882-883
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• 2013

With the development of the society, pure electric vehicles will be surely important of the future. Electric vehicle requires various technology like motor driving, battery management, operational efficiencies and so on. Battery management is indeed the most important to enhance battery's performance and life. This paper has deeply discussed and studied on the lithium-polymer battery management system of pure electric vehicle. First of all we have analyzed the characteristic of the lithium-polymer batteries and the factors influenced on the state of charge. Then a logical SOC measuring method has been raised, which is the combination of open circuit voltage and Ah integration. The next we will introduce the design of battery management system, the battery management system performs many functions, such as inspecting the whole process, when it's running cell equalization protecting and diagnosing the battery, estimating the state of charge. The module design style including microcontroller, data aquisition module, charging control module and serial communication module. To arrive at conclusions, the battery management system which this paper has introduced is reliable and economical.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

Unlike a typical internal combustion engine vehicle, the powertrain system of the pure electric vehicle, consisting of battery, inverter and motor, has direct effects on the vehicle performance and dynamics. Then, the specific modeling of such complex electro-mechanical components enables the insight into the longitudinal dynamic outputs of the vehicle and analysis of entire powertrain systems. This paper presents the dynamic model of electric vehicle powertrain systems based on theoretical approaches to predict and analyze the final output performance of electric vehicles. Additionally, the correlations between electric input signals and the final output of the mechanical system are mathematically derived. The proposed model for powertrain dynamics of electric vehicle systems are validated with a reference electric vehicle model using generic simulation platform based on Matlab/Simulink software. Consequently, the dynamic analysis results are compared with electric vehicle simulation model in some parameters such as vehicle speed/acceleration, and propulsion forces.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2015

The purpose of present study is to analysis the Characteristics of fuel economy and Green house gases due to the driving mode conditions of The hybrid electric vehicle(HEV). HEVs are divided into mild and power types according to the their functions. mild type HEVs are inexpensive because they do not need to implement a pure electric mode. Power type HEVs are more expensive but has also better fuel efficiency. In the present paper, the test results for the gasoline vehicle using FTP-75 mode and HWFET are present.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.4_1
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• pp.493-504
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• 2022

Recently, as interest in eco-friendliness grows, the supply of hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles (EVs) for improving fuel efficiency of automobiles is rapidly expanding. The average daily energy consumption of electric vehicles is less than 20 [%] of the total ESS capacity of the vehicle, and research on additional functions using the ESS of the vehicle is urgently needed to expand the supply of electric vehicles. V2H(Vehicle to Home), like V2G(Vehicle to Grid), includes the concept of cooperating with system stabilization using ESS of electric vehicles. In addition, it includes various operations that can realize home welfare, such as uninterrupted power supply in case of power outage at home, and power supply for home DC devices. Therefore, in order to expand the supply of eco-friendly electric vehicles, it is urgently required to develop a V2H system with various functions that can realize home welfare. In this paper, we propose a V2H system with a CLLC resonant converter and a non-isolated step-up converter that can solve different impedance and resonant frequencies depending on the power transfer direction. The proposed V2H system is 6 [kVA] applicable to 150-450 [V], the voltage range that can use the ESS voltage for electric vehicles, and is designed with a capacity that can handle instantaneous electricity use at home. In addition, in order to verify the feasibility, an experiment by Psim simulation and prototype production was performed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.138-144
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• 2012

Recent environmental issues such as exhaust gas and greenhouse effect make the agricultural machinery market takes into account the hybrid and electric propulsion technology used in automotive engineering. Generally the agricultural machinery, particularly an agricultural tractor, needs large load capacity and long continuous operating time comparing with conventional vehicles. In case of a pure electric tractor, it is necessary for considering large capacity batteries and long charging time. Therefore we take an AER extended PHEV (All Electric Range extended Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) power transmission system in developing an electric tractor in this study. First we propose a PHEV powertrain structure in order to substitute the conventional diesel engine equipped tractor. And we performed the road tests using a conventional mechanical tractor with various load conditions, which were classified and statistically treated real agricultural works. The test results were analysed with respect to the power characteristics of the power source. Finally using the test result, we designed two-stepped reduction gear ratios in the proposed an electric tractor powertrain for carrying out typical agricultural works.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.230-238
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• 2003

Electric vehicles (EV) demands for greater acceleration, performance and vehicle range in pure electric vehicles plus mandated requirements to further reduce emissions in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) increase the appeal for combined on-board energy storage systems and generators. And the power electronics plays an important role in providing an interface between fuel cells (FC) and loads. This paper deals with a multiple input DC-DC power converter devoted to combine the power flowing of multi-source on energy systems. The multi-source is composed of (i) FC system as a prime power demands, (ii) super capacitor banks as energy storage devices for high and intense power demands, (iii) superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES), (iv) multiple input DC-DC power converter and (v) a three phase inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor as a drive. In this system, It is used super capacitor banks and superconducting magnetic energy replaces from the battery system. The modeling and transient performance simulation is effective for reducing transient influence caused by sudden charge of effective load. The main purpose of power electronic converters is to convert the DC power output from the fuel cell and other to a suitable AC voltage, which can be connected to electric loads directly (PMSM). The fuel cell and other output is connected to the DC-DC converter, which regulates the DC link voltage.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.170-175
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• 2016

An internal combustion engine is the most widely used power source for an automobile. In order to resolve environmental problems resulting from the use of internal combustion engines, environmentally friendly automobiles such as hybrid, electric, and air-engine vehicles are being developed. The share of hybrid vehicles using battery or pure electric vehicles, which are not popular, is gradually increasing. Compared to an electric vehicle, which uses an electric motor, air-engine vehicles, which use compressed air, have hardly been developed. In this study, a compressed air engine with a scroll expander is introduced, and the potential mileage of an automobile utilizing this engine is theoretically calculated.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2001

When an EV is parked for a long period time, the battery capacity naturally decreases due to selfdischarge. Therefore, this effect must be considered for the accurate measurement of the state of charge of EV battery. Battery selfdischarge simulations using the design of experiments among computer simulation methods are compared with experimental data for Ni/MH batteries for electric vehicles. The motivation is to predict the selfdischarge rate of the battery for electric vehicle at all temperature conditions and standing time when electric vehicle could be operated. We developed a general equation representing the seudischarge rate of the electric vehicle battery using design of experiments, and the equation is determined by temperature and standing time of the battery. We selected Ni/MH battery, 12 V-95 Ah, for pure electric vehicle for this study. ID develop the equation using design of experiments we selected temperature range of $-20^{\circ}~30^{\circ}C$ and standing time of 1 day$\~15$ days. We conducted several selfdischarge tests of Ni/MH battery to verify the integrity of the equation. The results showed that the computation values were in good agreement with experimental data.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2011

The electromagnetic characteristics of FCEVs (fuel cell electric vehicles) are much different from the existing combustion engine cars as well as hybrid, plug-in-hybrid, and pure electric vehicles due to the high voltage/current generated by a fuel cell stack which uses a compressed hydrogen gas reacted with oxygen. To operate fuel cell stack efficiently, BOP (Balance of Plant) which is consisted of many motors in water pump, air blower, and hydrogen recycling pump as well as inverters for these motors is essential. Furthermore, there are also electric systems for entertainment, information, and vehicle control such as navigation, broadcasting, vehicle dynamic control systems, and so on. Since these systems are connected by high voltage or general cables, EMC (Electromagnetic compatibility) analysis for high voltage and general cable of FCEV is the most important element to prevent the possible electric functional safety errors. In this paper, electromagnetic fields by high voltage and general cables for FCEVs is studied. From numerical analysis results, total time harmonic electromagnetic field strength from high voltage and general cables have difference of 13~16 dB due to ground effect by impedance matching. The EMI results of FECV at 10 m distance shows difference of 41 dB at 30 MHz and 54 dB at 230 MHz compared with only general cable routing.