• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.345-351
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• 2007

The research which it sees will confront to the coating with paint material and a coating with paint public law application of the river bridge and it will present it will sleep and it will execute, it will reach and a comparison - an analysis from the research which it tries to respect middle of special environment the polyurethane system which is a method coating with paint system and fluorine resin system, against a ceramic system it executed more an objectivity and rational fundamental data. With research method against each coating with paint evening sunlight a research investigation material and structure, it separated with spatial-temporal characteristic and economic viewpoint it executed. When considering overview from material viewpoint, fluorine resin system ceramic system polyurethane system pure with it is judged with the fact that it is excellent. There is a possibility of saying that the coefficient of friction of the fluorine resin system which uses the weapon quality zinc end coating compound ever so hard and polyurethane system is excellent ceramic system than from structure viewpoint. That fluorine resin system = polyurethane system ceramic system pure with it is excellent, it is judged from spatial-temporal characteristic viewpoint. It measures but it considered an internal troubles year grudge in the standard which becomes disturbance the place where it executes the market the expectation life person of the general bridge against 100 years the result fluorine resin system polyurethane system ceramic system which compares a materials unit cost pure with it appeared.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2002

In this study, external condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of two non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of HFC32/HFC134a and HF0134a/HCF0123 at various compositions were measured on both low fin and Turbo-C enhanced tubes of 19.0 mm outside diameter All data were taken at the vapor temperature of 39$^{\circ}C$ with a wall subcooling of 3- 8 K. Test results showed that HTCs of the tested mixtures on the enhanced tubes were much lower than the ideal values calculated by the mass fraction weighting of the pure compo- nents'HTCs. Also the reduction of HTCs due to the diffusion vapor film was much larger than that of a plain tube. Unlike HTCs of pure fluids, HTCs of the mixtures measured on enhanced tubes increased as the wall subcooling increased, which was due to the sudden break up of the vapor diffusion film with an increase in wall subcooling. Finally, heat transfer enhancement ratios for mixtures were found to be much lower than those of pure fluids.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.253-259
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• 2003

Zirconium based alloys have been extensively used as a cladding material for fuel rods in nuclear reactors, due to their low thermal neutron absorption cross-section, excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties at high temperatures. However, a cladding material for fuel rods in nuclear reactors was contact water during long time at high-temperature, so it is necessary to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of the fuel cladding, At ambient environment, there are few data or paper on the characteristic of corrosion in chloride solution and acidic solution. The specimens used in this work are pure Zr and Zircaloy-4. Zircaloy-4 is a specific zirconium-based alloy containing, on a weight percent basis, 1.4% Sn, 0.2% Fe, 0.1% Cr. Pitting corrosion resistance of two alloys by ASTM G48 is higher than that of electrochemical method. Passive film formed on Zircaloy-4 is mainly composed of $ZrO_2$, metallic Sn, and iron species regardless of formation environments. Also, passive film formed on Zr alloys shows n-type semiconductic property on the base of Mott-Schottky plot.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.263-275
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• 1991

Studies on the annual performance of three different type of solar-absorption heat pump system (parallel type, series type, and generator type) are carried out by using the computer simulation. These include the calculation of solar energy from the solar collector, and the revision of computer package, developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, to predict the annual performance. Finally using weather data and load conditions, the annual performance are obtained. Results show that the annual operating costs of three solar-absorption heat pump systems are almost same values and 44% lower than that of the pure absorption heat pump system. The total annual input energys of solar-absorption heat pump systems are also about 44% lower than that of the pure absorption heat pump. The nominal size of the solar-absorption heat pump systems can be reduced to a value of 55% that of the pure absorption heat pump that would normally be specified under identical conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

The multivariate statistical analysis, using the multiple linear regression(MLR), have been applied to analyze and predict the flash points of binary systems. Prediction for the flash points of flammable substances is important for the examination of the fire and explosion hazards in the chemical process design. In this paper, the flash points are predicted by MLR based on the physical properties of pure substances and the experimental flash points data. The results of regression and prediction by MLR are compared with the values calculated by Raoult's law and Van Laar equation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2019

Pure torsion loading conditions were not frequently occurred in practical engineering, but the torsional researches were important since it's the basis of mechanical property researches under complex loading. Then a 3D finite element model with precise material constitutive models was established, and the effectiveness was verified with test data. Parametric studies with varying factors as steel yield strength, concrete strength and sectional height-width ratio, were performed. Internal stress state and the interaction effect between encased steel tube and the core concrete were analyzed. Results indicated that due to the confinement effect between steel tube and core concrete, the torsional strength of CFT columns was greatly improved comparing to plain concrete columns. The steel ratio would greatly influence the torque share between the steel tube and the core concrete. Then the torsional strength calculation formulas for core concrete and the whole CFT column were proposed. The proposed formula could be simpler and easier to use with guaranteed accuracy. Related design codes were more conservative than the proposed formula, but the proposed formula presented more satisfactory agreement with experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 2022

Honey was diluted with different percentages of water and was analysed rheologically at room temperature of 27℃. The rheological profiles of pure and impure honey samples were measured at low shear rates (0.01-4.16s^-1). This work developed a structural kinetic model, which correlated well with the rheological data. The new model was used to categorise honey samples using their average molecular weights as one of the distinctive properties. Also, the kinetics order in the new model predicts the number of active components in the "honey" undergoing deformation. Honey produced third order kinetics to depict the monomers, oligomers and water content in honey. Pure honey exhibits peculiar non-Newtonian rheological behaviour. The behaviour of water is Newtonian. Dilution of honey with different percentages of water turns the resulting fluid Newtonian from 10% dilution with water. This study analysed the antibacterial activities of honey and serially adulterated samples against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial analyses of honey were conducted using Kirby Bauer's well diffusion method. The results indicated that pure honey exhibited a zone of inhibition against both organisms. Also, the diameter of the zone of inhibition decreased with increasing dilution of honey, suggesting a correlation with the rheological method.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.672-688
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to explore the potential of front face fluorescence spectroscopy (FFFS) as rapid, non-destructive and inclusive technique along with multi-variate analysis for predicting meat adulteration. For this purpose (FFFS) was used to discriminate pure minced beef meat and adulterated minced beef meat containing (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) of chicken meat as an adulterant in uncooked beef meat samples. Fixed excitation (290 nm, 322 nm, and 340 nm) and fixed emission (410 nm) wavelengths were used for performing analysis. Fluorescence spectra were acquired from pure and adulterated meat samples to differentiate pure and binary mixtures of meat samples. Principle component analysis, partial least square regression and hierarchical cluster analysis were used as chemometric tools to find out the information from spectral data. These chemometric tools predict adulteration in minced beef meat up to 10% chicken meat but are not good in distinguishing adulteration level from 1% to 5%. The results of this research provide baseline for future work for generating spectral libraries using larger datasets for on-line detection of meat authenticity by using fluorescence spectroscopy.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.641-647
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• 2019

Yearly world vehicle production has continued to increase, and the global seaborne trade volumes also are recovering. Based on these positive trends, as demand for cargo ships increases in the freight transportation market, Pure car and truck carriers (PCTCs) with large gaps between decks continue to be ordered. The structural analysis of the cargo hold was performed in order to confirm its structural safety in accordance with the guidance for the direct strength assessment of the Korean Register (KR) of Shipping. And, according to the type of cargo, the maximum deflection and structurally weak area that occurred in deck 5 was confirmed. Also, it was found that the weight of the cargo had a significant effect on the deck, the primary members of the deck's structure, and pillars. The results of the structural analysis conducted in this study were added to the existing cargo load planning software. This was done so that the prediction of the maximum stress and the deflection of the deck based on the information about the cargo could be confirmed quickly. In addition, the data will be used as the basic data for rapid information management response to changes in cargo items.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

We proposed the improved Langmuir adsorption relations considering volume change effect of coal matrix during primary production of CBM and Enhanced-CBM with injection of carbon dioxide or CCS in coalseam but also volumetric strain. To verify this model, experimental data of pure gas adsorption such as $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2$ on coals were used to compare conventional Langmuir model with this model. From the results, we obtained that the larger adsorption capacity of coal and the higher adsorption affinity of gas, the larger error occur with Langmuir model. Using this model, however, we found not only substantially better fit in all condition but also reasonable volumetric strain of the coal matrix. We also applied this volume modified pure gas adsorption model to the IAS model to describe gas adsorption and volumetric strain for mixed gas. This modified-IAS model fitting experimental data by Hall et al(1994) improved accuracy of mixed gas adsorption calculation compared with conventional model.