• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

There are several ways to analyse stress resulting from anxiety and fear within dental treatment for children. Surveying questionnaires and monitoring biologic reaction are the most common ways for evaluating stress. Pulse oximeter is a popular device for detecting heart rate but not appropriate for moving children. In this study, we compared a recently introduced wrist- watch type heart rate monitor(Alpha, MIO, USA) with a pulse oximeter(MP110, MECKIS, Republic of Korea) for 10 attendants with two conditions including resting state and excited state after exercise. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and there is no statistical difference between two devices(p < 0.05).

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.345-355
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of external vibrating devices and counterstimulation on a child's dental anxiety, apprehension, and pain perception during local anesthetic administration. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-arm, single-blinded interventional, clinical trial. One hundred children aged 4-11 years, requiring pulp therapy or extraction under local anesthesia (LA), were recruited and allocated equally into two groups (1:1) based on the interventions used: Group BD (n = 50) received vibration using a Buzzy^® device {MMJ Labs, Atlanta, GE, USA} as a behavior guidance technique; Group CS (n = 50) received counterstimulation for the same technique. Anxiety levels [Venham's Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (VCARS), Venham Picture Test (VPT), Pulse oximeter {Gibson, Fingertip Pulse Oximeter}, Beijing, China)] were assessed before, during, and after LA administration, while pain perception [Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)] was evaluated immediately after injection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test to assess the mean difference between the two groups and the repeated measures ANOVA for testing the mean difference in the pulse rates. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rate values were observed in both groups. In contrast, the children in the BD group had higher diminution (P < 0.05), whereas the mean VCARS and VPT scores were conspicuous (P < 0.05). Based on the mean WBFPS and VAS scores, delayed pain perception after LA injection was more prominent in the BD group than in the CS group. Conclusion: External vibration using a Buzzy^® device is comparatively better than counterstimulation in alleviating needle-associated anxiety in children requiring extraction and pulpectomy.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1998

This paper is based on the design and analysis computing model of oxygen saturation with the pulse oximeter using the integral ratio of pulsating components. In our proposed algorithm. we modeled the transmitted optical signal in fingertip or earlobe to DC component $A_{dc}$ pulsating component $A_a\;Sinwt$, noise component $A_{noise}$ and etc.. To separate the pulsating components and DC components efficiently, we defined the signal average to DC components. Also we presented the way to eliminate the noise using integral ratio. To acquire a linearity of correlation graph for pulsating components ratios and non invasive oxygen saturation. we intensively observed on the oxygen saturations in the range of 75-100% in consideration of the error range of simulator. Also, for real time processing we experimented on changing the period of area calculating cycle from 1 to 6. The functional evaluation of the algorithm is compared with the method using the amplitude ratio of pulsating components frequently seen with pulse oximeter. The result was that our algorithm with 4 cycles of area calculating cycle which considered to be best fit by 1% to the existing method. Moreover r , the decision coefficient showing the correlation of regression graph with real data, proved better result of 0.985 than 0.970.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.887-892
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• 1996

For the purpose of assessing the utility and cautionary aspects of pulse oximetry of which use is rapidly increased, it was applied to the maladaptive child patients with sedative drugs and evaluated the results. When pulse oximeter was used alone for vital sign monitoring, it was thought impossible to exclude the false alarm or false silence by various causes. To minimize or remove these misunderstanding, operators should have a extensive knowledge not only on the factors affecting the operation of this apparatus but also on the potential of misoperation. To review the present status of increasing risk of hypoxia during the sedation, it was thought unreasonable to solely depend upon this apparatus for vital sign monitoring. By combining with more accurate and auxiliary monitoring devices, pulse oximetry will be of greater value and can meet the clinical needs and conveniences.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06e
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• pp.117-120
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• 2000

Pulse oximetry is a well established non-invasive optical technique for monitoring the SpO$_2$ during anaesthesia, recovery and intensive care. Pulse oximeters determine the oxygen saturation level of blood by measuring the light absorption of arterial blood. The sensors consists of red and infrared light sources and photodetectors. In the measurement of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation, conventional method has required the technique of filtering of remove the noise, and of complex signal processing algorithm. So much time have required to signal processing. In this research, we separate AC signal and DC signal in the stage of signal detection. We filter the noise from each signal and convert A/D. We obtain the SpO$_2$ using the DSP algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.462-465
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• 2011

A pulse oximeter is a device which provides non-invasive estimate of percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SpO2). Due to the limitations of resources of personal health devices (PHDs) including pulse oximeters, they generally transmit the estimated data to a remote monitoring server through a close manager (e.g. mobile device or PC). Therefore, communication protocols between PHDs and a manager is an important research topic in terms of interoperability. In this paper, we present design results of an SpO2 transmission agent based on the ISO/IEEE 11073 (X73) protocol. The protocol is an international standard for PHDs. The agent is an embedded program which generates X73 messages from the estimated pulse rates and SpO2, and transmits the messages to a close manager. The agent consists of a Session, Message and Memory Handler. The Session Handler manages a communication session with the manager, and the Message Handler generates and analyzes the exchanged messages according to the X73 protocol. The Memory Handler extracts pulse rates and SpO2s which are stored in a memory of the pulse oximeter. The SpO2 transmission agent allows pulse oximeters to communicate with managers based on x73 standard. Consequently, the interoperability between the pulse oximeters and the managers is guaranteed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.2039-2040
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• 2011

자기공명영상에서 심장의 기능을 진단에 필요한 심장 영상을 얻기 위해서는 심장의 움직임을 모니터 할 수 있는 ECG나 pulse oximeter 등의 장비로 동기를 맞추어 주기위한 트리거 신호가 필요하다. 본 논문은 심장의 움직임을 다른 장비의 도움 없이 동기화하여 자기공명 심장 영상을 재구성하는 새로운 방법을 나선주사영상기법에 적용하여 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2008

손목에 착용하여 맥파와 산소포화도 등의 정보를 측정할 수 있는 유비쿼터스 광센서를 개발하였다. 유비쿼터스 광센서의 SNR의 향상을 위해 660nm의 LD와 904nm의 LD를 사용하였으며, 2종류의 LD는 각각 PD를 중심으로 $120^{\circ}$로 배치하였다. 또한 정확한 신호의 측정 및 분석을 위해 LabVIEW를 사용하였다. 제작된 광센서는 정확한 맥박 및 산소포화도의 측정이 가능하였으며 Beer-Lambert 곡선과 부합하여, 구성 및 설계가 정확함을 알 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of deep breathing with Incentive Spirometer on pulmonary function and O2 saturation by time process in patients with rib fracture. The participants were 25 patients with rib fracture admitted to a hospital in G city. Deep breathing with Incentive Spirometer was educated for participants. Data were collected from June to October, 2013. Pulmonary function and O2 saturation were measured by using Micro spirometer and pulse oximeter at admission one day and 1day, 2day, 3day, 4day, 5day and 6day after applying intervention.. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 21.0 version program with descriptive statistics, and repeated measure ANOVA. The level of pulmonary function and O2 saturation after applying deep breathing with incentive spirometer were increased as time went on. Therefore, patients with rib fracture should be suggested the continuous deep breathing with incentive spirometer.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.813-820
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• 2009

This paper describes the realization of ubiquitous healthcare monitoring system using wearable pulse oximeter based on a wireless sensor network. In order to obtain information of oxygen saturation from a patient, a small size and low power consumption wearable pulse oximeter was designed. Information of oxygen saturation collected by wireless sensor node was transmitted wirelessly to a base-station for storage and display purposes via wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor nodes were programmed by TinyOS application to perform data acquisition and transmission. Lab VIEW server program was designed to monitor information of oxygen saturation and process the measured PPG (photo plethysmogram) signals to APG(Accelerated plethysmogram) signals by appling second order derivatives. PPG signals are simple and cost effective technique to measure blood volume change.