• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2011

In order to obtain high resolution images, a focusing ultrasonic transducer operated in very high frequency (VHF) range was fabricated and its characteristics were evaluated. A 9-${\mu}m$ thick PVDF film with only one metalized surface for electric ground was adhered to a CCP (Copper-clad polyimide) film by using epoxy. It was pressed by a metal ball to form a concave surface and its rear side was filled with the epoxy. The radius of curvature and the f-number of the fabricated transducer are 7.5 mm and 1.7, respectively. The pulse-echo measurement results from a target located at the focal point showed that the frequency bandwidth was 35.0 MHz and the insertion loss near the peak frequency of approximately 40 MHz was about 60 dB. Those values agreed well with the simulation results by the KLM equivalent circuit analysis including the effect of the epoxy bonding layer. When the image of thin copper lines by the 35 MHz transducer of the UBM (Ultrasonic Backscattering Microscope) system was compared with the image by the transducer fabricated in this study, the fabricated transducer was observed that the axial resolution was improved although the lateral resolution was degraded.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2015

According to the report of the WHO, workers have been exposed to much job strain such as job load, responsibility, role, interpersonal conflict etc. In Korea, studies on job strain started to become active from 1990s and now hundreds of studies are actively under going or publishing so that the studies are contributing to development and improvement of job strain. Representative measurement models of job strain are Job Strain Model of Karasek, Job Stress Model of NOISH, Korea Occupational Stress Scale, JSQ(Job Stress Questionnaire), K-OSI(Korea Version of Occupational Stress Inventory) etc. (Lee Kwan-Suk, 2012 ; KOSHA, 2003). Among them, Job Strain Model of Karasek had been loved by many researchers of job strain before Korea Occupational Stress Scale was developed. Job Strain Model of Karasek had been fitted to Korean style and then, used to analyze job strain of Korean people so that this Scale highly contributed to seeking relationship with cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease caused by job, smoking, drug, alcohol poisoning, and pulse(Lee Kwan-Suk, 2012). But as this Model was studied and developed based on foreign culture and life pattern, a model fit to Korea was developed to measure job strain for Korean people, which is Korea Occupational Stress Scale now most frequently used in measuring job strain. Accordingly, after this study made questionnaire survey about same population using the two methods used most frequently in measuring job strain, the study investigated what features appeared, what correlations appear between two models, and comparatively analyzed characteristics each independent and dependent variable. Based on this, the study aimed to exactly express job strain of Korean people. The subjects of the study were a population of 233, and Karasek's Questionnaire and KOSS's Questionnaire were surveyed at the same time. The results were analyzed by statistical program to obtain significant difference between two models. Four particular groups were divided with Job Strain Model of Karasek and the four particular groups were measured with Korea Occupational Stress Scale. And job strain come from combination of two models was measured, with which new comparative analysis method was suggested.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 1997

Chemically modified electrodes(CMEs) for Ag(I) were constructed by incoporating 1,5,9,13-tetrathiacyclohexadecane([16]-ane-$S_4$) with a conventional carbon-paste mixture composed of graphite powder and nujol oil. Ag(I) ion was chemically deposited onto the surface of the modified electrode with [16]-ane-$S_4$ by immersion of the electrode in the acetate buffer solution(pH=4.5) containing $5.0{\times}10^{-4}M$ Ag(I) ion. And then the electrode deposited with Ag(I) was reduced at -0.3V vs. S.C.E. Well-defined stripping voltammetric peaks could be obtained by scanning the potential to the positive direction. The CME surface was regenerated with exposure to 0.1M $HNO_3$ solution and was reused for the determination of Ag(I) ion. When deposition/measurement/regeneration cycles were 10 times, the response could be reproduced with relative standard deviation of 6.08%. In case of differential pulse stripping voltammetry, the calibration curve for Ag(I) was linear over the range of $5.0{\times}10^{-7}{\sim}1.5{\times}10^{-6}M$. And the detection limit was $2.0{\times}10^{-7}M$. Various ions such as Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Mg(II), EDTA, and oxalate(II) did not influence the determination of Ag(I) ion, except Cu(II) ion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2017

Most crop damages have been occurred by vermin(e.g., wild birds and herbivores) during the period between seeding and the cotyledon level. In this study, to minimize the damage by vermin and acquire the benefits such as protection against weeds and maintenance of water content in soil, immediately vinyl mulching after seeding was devised. Vinyl mulching has been generally covered with black color vinyl, that crop seeding locations cannot be detected by visible light range. Before punching vinyl, non-contact and non-destructive methods that can continuously determine the locations are necessary. In this study, a crop position detection method was studied that uses infrared thermal image sensor to determine the cotyledon position under vinyl mulch. The moving system for acquiring image arrays has been developed for continuously detecting crop locations under plastic mulching on the field. A sliding mechanical device was developed to move the sensor, which were arranged in the form of a linear array, perpendicular to the array using a micro-controller integrated with a stepping motor. The experiments were conducted while moving 4.00 cm/s speed of the IR sensor by the rotational speed of the stepping motor based on a digital pulse width modulation signal from the micro-controller. The acquired images were calibrated with the spatial image correlation. The collected data were processed using moving averaging on interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the smallest in resolution units of 1.02 cm. For this study, the spline method was relatively faster than the other polynomial interpolation methods, because it has a lower maximum order of formulation when using a system such as the tridiagonal linear equation system which provided the capability of real-time processing. The temperature distribution corresponding to the distance between the crops was 10 cm, and the more clearly the leaf pattern of the crop was visually confirmed. The frequency difference was decreased, as the number of overlapped pixels was increased. Also the wave pattern of points where the crops were recognized were reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2010

Concrete has excellent mechanical properties, high durability, and economical advantages over other construction materials. Nevertheless, it is not an easy task to apply concrete to long span bridges. That's because concrete has a low strength to weight ratio. Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) has a very high strength and hence it allows use of relatively small section for the same design load. Thus UHPC is a promising material to be utilized in the construction of long span bridges. However, there is a possibility of crack generation during the curing process due to the high binder ratio of UHPC and a consequent large amount of hydration heat. In this study, adiabatic temperature rise and mechanical properties were modeled for the stress analysis due to hydration heat. Adiabatic temperature rise curve of UHPC was modeled superposing 2-parameter model and S-shaped function, and the Arrhenius constant was determined using the concept of equivalent time. The results are verified by the mock-up test measuring the temperature development due to the hydration of UHPC. In addition, models for mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, tensile strength and compressive strength were developed based on the test results from conventional load test and ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 1999

Operation usually brings about psychological stress as well as physical stress to the patient and it greatly influences the maintenance of the homeostasis. Until now, most of the nursing research concerning the anxiety of the patient undergoing an operation has been done while the patient was under general anesthesia. Under local anesthesia, the anxiety of the patient who undergone operation is short. However, there is much demand of the operational nurses to mediate between the patient who is undergoing operation when fully conscious, as they are aware of the patient's anxiety and to decrease the patient's anxiety of this local anesthesia. Therefore, this research tries to verify the effects of the Hand-holding program on the anxiety of the operational patient undergoing local anesthesia and affirms the role of the nursing intervention. As an unequivalent control group non-synchronized designs, this research selects out 20 control groups and 21 experimental groups at random who have received cataract operation while under local anesthesia and after implementing the Hand-holding program to the experimental groups while undergoing the operation, the effect of the experiment was observed. By observing the Epinephrine, Cortisol, blood pressure, and pulse for the physical indexes before and after the enforcement of the hand-holding, and using the measurement of Speilberger(1972) for the psychological indicators for the anxiety of the patient before and after hand-holding, the results were analyzed through SAS program. As a results, intervention of hand-holding had a remarkable effect to decrease the anxiety felt by the patient and the diastolic blood pressure also was effectively decreased. On the other hand, through the decrease of the systolic blood pressure was also observed, it was not statistically significant. In the Epinephrine and Cortisol indicators, the intervention of hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding was revealed to have an indicators, the intervention of Hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding program may be said to have an effect which decreases the psychological anxiety of the patient undergoing local anesthesia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.43-57
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on parameters related to obesity in adults with abdominal obesity. Methods : A three arm randomized single blind pilot study was conducted from Jan 4 to March 25, 2010 in Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital. The subjects were 39 adults with abdominal obesity and were randomly divided by computer generated random table into 3 groups; EA(electroacupuncture), sham EA(sham electroacupuncture) and waitlist groups. Acupuncture points located at abdomen($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$) and extremities($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) were inserted by disposable stainless steel needles and were stimulated 30 minutes with 24Hz, 0.27~1.3mA(tolerable strength), asymmetric biphasic continuous pulse wave form by STN-111 Stratek device in EA group. Two treatment sessions per week for 5 weeks(10 sessions in total) were done in EA and sham EA groups. The primary outcome measurement was WC(waist circumference), and the secondary outcome measurements included WHR(waist hip ratio), ASF(thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat), and inbody measurements of BW(body weight), BMI(body mass index), BFR(body fat ratio) and VFA(visceral fat area), and also scores of BULIT-R(bulimia test revised), KoQoL(Korean obesity of QoL) and BSQ(body shape questionnaire). Results : All of 39 subjects were included in ITT(intention-to-treat) analysis. There were significant reductions in WC, WHR and ASF after 5-week electroacupuncture treatments and the percentage reductions were significantly greater than sham EA or waitlist group. There were no significant differences between groups in percentage reductions of other parameters(BW, BMI, BFR, VFA, BULIT-R, KoQoL and BSQ). But, there were continuous reductions in BW, BMI, BFR and VFA at 3 weeks after the end of treatment and there was significant reduction in BW compared with the baseline value in EA group. No seriously adverse effects were reported during the period. Conclusions : Electroacupuncture was more effective than sham electroacupuncture or no intervention on the reduction of WC, WHR and ASF in adults with abdominal obesity.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.503-512
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• 2011

Recently in HCI research, emotion recognition is one of the core processes to implement emotional intelligence. There are many studies using bio signals in order to recognize human emotions, but it has been done merely for the basic emotions and very few exists for the other emotions. The purpose of present study is to confirm the difference of autonomic nervous system (ANS) response in three emotions (boredom, pain, and surprise). There were totally 217 of participants (male 96, female 121), we presented audio-visual stimulus to induce boredom and surprise, and pressure by using the sphygmomanometer for pain. During presented emotional stimuli, we measured electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature (SKT), electrocardiac activity (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG), besides; we required them to classify their present emotion and its intensity according to the emotion assessment scale. As the results of emotional stimulus evaluation, emotional stimulus which we used was shown to mean 92.5% of relevance and 5.43 of efficiency; this inferred that each emotional stimulus caused its own emotion quite effectively. When we analyzed the results of the ANS response which had been measured, we ascertained the significant difference between the baseline and emotional state on skin conductance response, SKT, heart rate, low frequency and blood volume pulse amplitude. In addition, the ANS response caused by each emotion had significant differences among the emotions. These results can probably be able to use to extend the emotion theory and develop the algorithm in recognition of three kinds of emotions (boredom, surprise, and pain) by response measurement indicators and be used to make applications for differentiating various human emotions in computer system.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.897-903
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• 1999

Many out patients of the rehabilitation center complaint a pain caused by suffering of MPS, and it brings many different kind of social and ecinomical problems such as medical expenses and the reduction in work efficiency. Therefore, we conducted a research to present a fast and effective treatment to the MPS patients. this research was conducted from November, 1996 to January 1998 with eighteen outpatients who agreed to be the subjects to our reserach. We applied the electric acupuncture on 28 different trigger point on the patients with mostly muscular-skeletal pain and some tender and radiating pain. After the treatment, VRS, VAS, PRI were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients third and seventh visits, and following results were found. 1. To apply EAP treatment, we acupunctured 6em-Iong needles on Tps region, then the electrodes of pulse generater pg-306 E.S.T were connected on the top of the needles. the electric acupuncture therapy was conducted for 20 minutes with the intensity of 4hz - 60hz(auto wave). The treated electric intensity was the level at which the patients did not feel discomfort. 2. Thirteen out of the 18 participated patients were in their 30s and 40s(72.2%), showing highest frequency. There were more female than male with the ratio of 1 to 1:2. 3. six out of the participated patients (33.3%) had the pain for less then a week, and the average duration of the pain of the participated patients wear 0.8 years. 4. The pain occured mostly in the upper trapezius by 6 part (21.4%), then in the gluteus medius region by 4 part (14.3%). Many of the patients with the pain in the upper back area accompanied varios kind of the referred pains such as radiculopathy, HIVD and Frozen shoulder. 5. MPS occured more frequently on the right side than left side then left side and it seemed to be due to the frequent use of the right hand. 6. There was almost no difference in the measurement of the intensity of the pain right before and after the EAP treatment. Howerver, there was significant decrease in the numerical values of the VAS, and a little bit of decrease in the numerical values of the PRI after the EAP treatment. 7. Based on the results of this present research, it can be concluded that EAP can be used for the treating the myofascial pain syndrome with promptness and safety in most cases.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

Purpose: During the pelvic radiation therapy, it is performed with controlling bladder volume because the range of irradiation is changed depending on the bladder volume. Therefore in this study, we evaluate the accuracy of BVI by tracing the change of bladder volume using ultrasonic pulse diagnosis equipment(BVI 6100, Medical supply Co. LTD) Material and Methods: From January 2017 to September 2018, 19 patients who received pelvic radiation therapy at Pusan National University Hospital were included. To treat the patient, we compared that the bladder volume obtained from the BVI and the bladder volume obtained from the CBCT image then we evaluated for significance. Results: There was a significant correlation of r=0.773, BVI and CBCT in the whole volume section. However, based on the bladder volume in the RTP Image the p value was shown to be 0 at 125~175cc and lower than 0.05 at 175~275cc, And more than 0.05 at 275~375cc. Conclusions: In this study, the patient whose bladder volume is above than 275cc, there is a significance of bladder volume between BVI and CBCT image. However, we could make a decision to be undermined the reliability of BVI measurement in the case of the patient with emptied his urine. Therefore, it is possible to acquire a significant value for 175~275cc patients to use the correction value of BVI and the appropriate tolerance of volume.