• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2014

Background: It is valuable to find the potential activity of regulating the excessive mucin secretion by the compounds derived from various medicinal plants. We investigated whether aqueous extract of the root bark of Morus alba L. (AMA), kuwanon E, kuwanon G, mulberrofuran G, and morusin significantly affect the secretion and production of airway mucin using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Methods: Effect of AMA was examined on hypersecretion of airway mucin in sulfur dioxide-induced acute bronchitis in rats. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with ethanolic extract, kuwanon E, kuwanon G, mulberrofuran G, or morusin for 30 minutes and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 hours. The MUC5AC mucin secretion and production were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: AMA stimulated the secretion of airway mucin in sulfur dioxide-induced bronchitis rat model; aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, kuwanon E, kuwanon G, mulberrofuran G and morusin inhibited the production of MUC5AC mucin induced by PMA from NCI-H292 cells, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that extract of the root bark and the natural products derived from Morus alba L. can regulate the secretion and production of airway mucin and, at least in part, explains the folk use of extract of Morus alba L. as mucoregulators in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.203-213
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• 1996

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang on viscousity of mucin solution, pulmonary thromboembolism, oxygen consumption in $O_3$ - exposed and Lung TBA in rats and mice. The result was obtained as follows: 1. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and I nsamyounpaesangami-bang on the rate of viscousity sampled from mucin, Insam-younpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang were revealed to have a significant effect of decreasinf the rate of viscousity (p<0.05). 2. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on sodium arachidonic acid induced pulmonary thrombo-embolism, Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangarnibang were revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival(p<0,05), but were not significant. 3. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on ADP induced pulmonary thromboembolism, Insam-younpaesangamibang were revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival(p<0.05), but were not significant. 4. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on oxygen cansumption values in rats exposed, Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang were revealed to have a significant effect on the care of lung damages (p<0.05), but were not significant by Duncan's multiple comparision test. 5. In the effect of Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangami-bang on the lung TBA values in rats exposed $-O_3$, Insam-younpaesangamibang were revealed to have a significant effect (p<0.05) on the care of lung damages. In connection with the results of the studies, Insamyounpaesan and Insamyounpaesangamibang are concluded to be effective on the treatment of cough and lung and respiratory organ damages.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

In the human airway, mucus exists to protect the respiratory system as a primary barrier of the innate immune system. However, hyperexpressed mucus limits airflow, resulting in a decrease of lung function. Among more than 20 mucin family members, MUC5AC and MUC5B are major glycoproteins in human airway mucus. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is one of the mechanisms of these mucins expression and specificity protein-1 (Sp1) transcription factor is the downstream signal of this pathway, playing pivotal roles in mucin expression. Even though there are some drugs for treating mucus hypersecretion, no drug has proven effects on humans. We found that the flavonoid tilianin regulated MUC5AC expression and also inhibited Sp1 phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated how tilianin would modulate EGFR signaling and regulate mucin production. In conclusion, tilianin inhibited MUC5AC expression mediated via modulating the EGFR-MEK-ERK-Sp1 signaling pathway in NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells. This study may provide the basis for the novel treatment of mucus hypersecretion.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.633-639
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• 2000

Objective : Experimental studies were done to research the effects of Gubo-eum(Jiubao-yin) and Kamigubo-eum(Jiameijiubao-yin) on the pulmonary thromboembolism and the immediately type hypersensitivity. Methods : For measuring the response about the pulmonary thromboembolism, we investigated a survival rate after the intravenous injection of sodium arachidonate and adenocine diphophate(ADP). For measuring the response about the immediately type hypersensitivity, we did the intravenous injection of histamin and serotonin, and phlebotomized and excoriated skin and investigated the amount of escaped pigment. Results : The each solid extract of Gubo-eum(Jiubao-yin) and Kamigubo-eum(Jiameijiubao-yin) revealed significant decrease effect on viscosity of mucin solution. The each solid extract of Gubo-eum(Jiubao-yin) and Kamigubo-eum(Jiameijiubao-yin) revealed significant effect on the pulmonary thromboembolism induced by sodium arachidonate and adenocine diphophate(ADP). The each solid extract of Guboeum(Jiubao-yin) and Kamigubo-eum(Jiameijiubao-yin) revealed significant on vascular permeability responses to intradenmal histamine and serotonine. conclusions : The each solid extract of Gubo-eum(Jiubao-yin) and Kamigubo-eum(Jiameijiubao-yin) revealed significant effect on the immediately type hypersensitivity and the pulmonary thromboembolism.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 1991

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma accounts for less than 6% of all primary lung cancer but has distinct clinical and radiological features and unusual pathologic appearance. The characteristic features are its peripheral location and tendency of rapid progression to diffuse type via aeroginous and lymphatic route without surgical intervention. Among them, mucin secretory type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma is the rarest and most distinctive. We experienced a case of mucin secretory type bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma in a 47 year old female with roentgenographic findings of chronic progressive pulmonary consolidation with muliple cavities.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2008

연구배경: 특발성폐섬유증 환자의 전형적인 증상은 운동호흡곤란과 마른기침으로, 객담이 적은 원인에 대해서 아직까지 잘 알려져 있지 않다. Interferon-${\gamma}$ inducible protein-10 (IP-10)은 여러 호흡기질환과 관련되는데 폐 내로 염증을 유입시키는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 특발성폐섬유증 환자에서 객담이 적은 기전으로 IP-10이 연관성이 있는지에 대해 연구하였다. 방법: 특발성폐섬유증 환자를 대상으로 기관지폐포세척액에서 IP-10의 농도를 ELISA로 측정하였다. IP-10이 기도 점액소 발현에 미치는 영향을 간접적으로 알아보기 위해 NCI-H292 세포(점막표피모양 암종 세포주)에서 IP-10을 전처치한 이후 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)로 자극하여 발현정도를 측정하였다. 이때 점액소 발현과 관련되는 기전으로 epidermal growth factor receptor-mitogen activated protein kinase (EGFR-MAPK)의 신호전달 경로를 알아 보았다. 결과: IP-10의 기관지폐포세척액내 농도는 특발성폐섬유증 환자가 건강 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. IP-10의 전처치는 NCI-H292 세포에서 TNF-${\alpha}$ 유도 MUC5AC 점액소 발현을 감소시켰는데 이 때 EGFR-MAPK 신호전달 경로의 차단과 관련되었다. 결론: 특발성폐섬유증 환자의 적은 객담은 IP-10의 발현증가와 일부 관련 가능성이 있으며, 이때 IP-10의 작용은 MUC5AC 점액소 유전자 발현에 필요한 EGFR-MAPK 신호전달 경로의 차단과 관련될 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2022

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered a principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a product of ginsenoside metabolism, has various biological activities. Studies on the effects of CK for the treatment of COPD and mucus hypersecretion, including the underlying signaling mechanism, have not yet been conducted. Methods: To study the protective effects and molecular mechanism of CK, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were used as a cellular model of airway inflammation. An experimental mouse COPD model was also established via CS inhalation and intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 secretion, as well as elastase activity and reactive oxygen species production, were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion in mouse lung tissues were estimated using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining, respectively. PKCδ and its downstream signaling molecules were analyzed via western blotting. Results: CK prevented the secretion of MUC5AC and TNF-α in PMA-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and exhibited a protective effect in COPD mice via the suppression of inflammatory mediators and mucus secretion. These effects were accompanied by an inactivation of PKCδ and related signaling in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CK suppressed pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion in COPD mouse model through PKC regulation, highlighting the compound's potential as a useful adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2021

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an increasingly recognized form of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is now classified as a human MUC1 mucin protein, and regenerating type II pneumocytes are the primary cellular source of KL-6/MUC1 in the affected lungs of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Serum KL-6/MUC1 levels have been demonstrated to be useful for the evaluation of various ILD. To determine the role of circulating KL-6 in evaluating the disease activity and management of HP. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 patients with HP and 20 healthy controls. Serum KL-6 levels were measured in both groups. Patients were further assessed based on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function test, 6-minute walk test, echocardiography, bronchioalveolar lavage, and/or transbronchial biopsy. Patients were divided into the fibrotic and non-fibrotic groups according to the HRCT findings. Results: The median serum KL-6 levels were significantly higher in HP patients as compared to the control group. The median serum KL-6 levels were found to be higher in the non-fibrotic HP group (1,900 IU/mL) as compared to the fibrotic group (1,200 IU/mL). There was a significant inverse correlation between serum KL-6 serum level and the dose of steroids as well as the duration of steroid therapy. Conclusion: The presence of higher KL-6 levels in the non-fibrotic HP group implies its enhanced production by regenerating pneumocytes in response to alveolar injury. The significant association between serum KL-6 levels and the dose and the duration of steroid therapy emphasizes the significant role of steroids in the stabilization of the disease.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1454-1463
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• 2023

Potentillae Chinensis Herba 추출물의 항산화 효능 평가를 위해 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거 활성과 ABTS 양이온 라디칼 활성 평가를 시행하였다. 세포 실험에서 항염증 평가를 위해 호흡기 점막 상피세포 NCI,H292와 RAW264.7 세포 대상으로 항염증 효능을 평가하였다. 그 결과, DPPH 자유라디칼 소거 활성과 ABTS 양이온 라디칼 활성 모두 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 세포 MTT 분석 결과, 각 농도 100 ㎍/ml로 처리한 경우 NCI-H292 세포의 생존율이 70% 미만으로 감소하였고, 이후 실험은 50 ㎍/ml로 진행하였다. 항염증 효능 평가에서는 NO생성, TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, PGE₂가 감소하였고, COX-2도 50 ㎍/ml에서 유의하게 감소하였다. Potentillae Chinensis Herba 추출물과 생물전환 추출물의 뮤신 단백질 발현은 MUC5AC 발현이 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 Potentillae Chinensis Herba의 호흡기 점액 단백질 발현을 도와 염증을 억제하는 기능성 소재로 활용하는데 가치가 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.311-321
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• 1998

연구배경: 기관지 점액상피암은 기관지의 점액선세포에서 기인한 악성 종양으로 세포들의 구성비와 mitosis정도에 따라 저등급 몇 고등급 종양으로 구분되며 저등급의 종양은 예후가 양호한 반면 고등급의 종양은 선종편평상피암과 조직학적으로 감별이 어렵고 악성 임상경과를 보인다. 기관지 점액상피암은 폐종양의 0.1~0.2%, 그리고 기관지선종의 1~5%를 차지한다고 알려져 있으나 국내에는 소수의 증례보고만 있었다. 저자들은 문헌으로 확인된 예를 포함하여 경북대학교 병원에서 기관 및 기관지 정액상피암으로 진단된 예에 대하여 임상고찰을 하였다. 방 법: 1990년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 점액상피암으로 진단받았던 9예와 국내에 보고된 증례가운데 문헌으로 확인할 수 있었던 8예를 포함한 17예를 대상으로 임상상, 방사선 및 기관지내시경소견, 그리고 조직학적소견과 임상경과 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 남자 12예와 여자 5예였으며, 평균나이는 42 세였다. 흡연력은 17예 가운데 5예에서 있었으며 평균 흡연력은 11인년이었다. 내원당시 주요 증상은 호흡곤란 9예, 기침 7예, 객혈 6예, 자각적 천명음 3예였으며, 증상이 없는 경우가 2 예였다. 단순 흉부 X-선 사진상 폐허탈소견이 8예, 종괴양 음영 5예, 폐렴양침윤소견이 2예, 다발성결절소견이 1예였으며. 1예는 정상이었다. 17예 가운데 16예는 중심형으로 발생부위는 좌주기관지가 5예, 우주기관지가 4예, 우중엽기관지가 2예였고, 그외 기관, 우중간간기관지, 우상엽기관지 및 좌상엽기관지가 각각 1예였으며, 1예는 양측 기관지에 병변이 있었다. 중심형 16예의 기관지 내시경소견은 외장형 종과 12예와 결절성 침윤소견 4 예였다. 우폐하야에 위치한 말초형 1예는 정상기관지 내시경소견이었다. 조직소견상 10예가 저등급이었고 7예는 고등급이었다. 10예의 저등급가운데 9예는 수술을 시행하였으며 종양이 상부기관에 있었던 l예는 레이저요법 및 방사선치료를 받았으나 사망하였다. 고등급암종 7예의 경우 2예는 전폐절제술을 시행하였고 종격동임파절, 심낭 및 흉막의 전이가 있었던 4 예와 폐결핵이 동반되어 전신상태가 불량하였던 1예는 항암화학요법과 방사선요법 또는 보존적치료를 하였다. 결 론: 점액상피암은 다양한 연령층에서 발생하고 대부분 중심기도에 위치하여 기도 자극증상과 함께 폐허탈, 종괴양음영 및 폐쇄성폐렴 등과 같은 방사선소견을 보인다. 병리조직학적인 등급과 주위장기로의 전이유무 등이 치료 및 예후판정에 있어 중요하다.