• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.72-80
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• 2013

A common fallacy found at opera works is to lean either toward 'opera as drama' or toward 'opera as music'. One of the historical examples of opera creation to overcome this fallacy is Puccini's $\grave{e}$me>. The composer Puccini and the librettists, Illica and Giacossa, found balance between these two extreme poles, which was made possible by keeping the color of the original novel "scenes de la vie de boh$\grave{e}$me" and simultaneously by reconstructing the most operatic characters and story. Their strategies, which can be summerized as 'simplification', 'romanticization and re-creation of characters', and 'realistic description of original atmosphere'. There strategy of adaptation and the 'episodic' feature as the outcome can be a good example for creators of new opera works.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2013

As performing arts including operas are getting popular these days, the importance of stage costumes is strengthened. Stage costume is one of the artistic requisites for opera performance, it plays an important role in describing the play's situation, the director's style and the person's character. Nevertheless the study regarding the opera's costumes is not active, especially the comparative study on the same opera's costumes performed by different opera companies have hardly been made. Therefore this study compared 5 Manon Lescaut opera performances: the Metropolitan Opera(1980), the Flemish Opera(1991), the Metropolitan Opera(2008), the Seoul Metropolitan Opera(2010) and the Vienna State Opera(2010) and made clear the difference between the four. From this study, we can get the following conclusions. First, the Metropolitan Opera's costumes in 1980 act and in 2008 act ascertained Rococo dressing. Because the costume designer for both acts was the same person, the general costume styles of the two acts are similar. Second, as for the Flemish Opera and Seoul Metropolitan Opera, there was a significant drop in fancy details and trimmings in the costumes. But the costumes made strong impressions dues to its color and luminosity contrast. Third, Vienna State Opera costumes had the boldest designs and it reflected modern designs as well. This study is meaningful in that it is based on the comparison study on the same opera stage costumes designed by different directors. Afterward this study is expected to contribute toward study on opera stage costumes and stage costume's development.