• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the ity, food habits and eating behavior of the college students. The responses of 1,112 students(male 468, female 644) to the questionnaire were analyzed. The results were summarized as follows: The means of height, weight were $174.1{\pm}5.1cm$, $66.0{\pm}8.1kg$ for males, respectively and were $164.3{\pm}6.0cm$, $50.7{\pm}5.3kg$ for female, respectively. The means of relative body weight(RBW) were $99.1{\pm}11.6$ for males and $91.2{\pm}10.3$ for females. Body mass index(BMI) were $21.8{\pm}2.5$ for males and $19.3{\pm}2.0$ for females. The rate of underweight, normal and obese on the basis of BMI was 19.9%, 71.5%, 8.6% for males, respectively and 68.4%, 30.4%, 1.3% for females respectively. Among underweight subjects, 59.3% answered that they had normal weight. 37.5% of normal weight subjects regarded themselves more obese or less obese than their actual body shape. Food habit score(out of a possible 50 points) was 29.4 in male and 29.3 in female, the score of self boarding students was the lowest among groups. Self boarding students had lower scores than the home-living students on the regularity of meals, eating time, protein intake, vegetable intake, lipid intake and food balance. The average meal frequency of the students was 2.46 times a day. Breakfast was skipped most frequently. Self-boarding students missed breakfast more often than other groups. The main reason of skipping breakfast was due to lack of time. The type of favorite snack was cookies and ramyun and in terms of snack time, most of the students had snack between lunch and dinner or after dinner. The rates of smoking and alcohol drinking were 29.8%, 76.7%, respectively and 25% of subjects exercised regularly. The results of this study suggest that a comprehensive nutrition education program is needed for college student to improve their eating habits about skipping meal and to maintain their health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-210
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the levels of depressive symptoms and to reveal its relationships between ADL and IADL among rural elderlies. The interviews were performed, during the period from April 1st, to June 30th, 2010, to 412 elderlies in rural areas. As a results, the distribution of ADL among all subjects were 94.7% in normal-range group, and 5.3% in impaired group. In terms of IADL, 87.4% of the subjects were normal-range group, 12.6% were impaired group. The distribution of depression group among all subjects were 38.2% in normal-range group of ADL, and 90.9% in impaired group of ADL, but it was 35.8% in normal-range group of IADL, and 76.9% in impaired group of IADL. In logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of the depression was significantly increased in impaired group of ADL than in normal-range group of ADL(OR=23.21, 95% CI=4.38~123.05). Also it was significantly increased in impaired group of IADL than in normal-range group of IADL(OR=7.76, 95% CI=2.99~20.08). In conclusion, the depression of rural elderlies was significantly increased in impaired group than in normal-range group of ADL and IADL. Thus, strategic effort needs to be prevented to depression in impaired group of ADL and IADL.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2007

We investigated the factors which influence the musculoskeletal symptoms in diagnostic medical sonographer. The Korean Society of Medical Sonographer conducted a survey through e-mail. Of the 400 subjects, 124 subjects responded(31%). The number of abdominal sonographer was 72(71.3%), obstetrics sonographer was 20(19.8%), echocardiographer was 9(8.9%) for effective 101 participant among themselves. According to the NIOSH diagnostic criteria, 86 subjects(85.1%) had musculoskeletal symptoms on their shoulders/neck, 73 subjects(72.3%) on their hands/wrists/arms/elbows, 44 subjects(43.6%) on their lower back. The factor of musculoskeletal symptoms were analyzed by the logistic regression analysis. The factors of symptoms for the hands/wrists/arms/ elbows were official autonomy, number of scans performed per week. The factors of symptoms for the shoulders/neck and the lower back were work break. However scan type were not observed as a significant factor. The study came to conclusion that many study subjects experienced musculoskeletal symptoms. These measures should be taken properly and promptly by the hospital's administrators.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2016

Purpose: Gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body weight are important factors of childbirth outcomes, which further cause obesity, metabolic diseases, or psychological problems later in women's lives. Changes in diet, westernized lifestyle, traditional postpartum care, and childbirth at older age are thought to be threats to proper weight management in Korean women of reproductive age. Public health and antenatal care need to focus on the proper body weight management of women by carefully planning pregnancy to postpartum periods. Purpose: This study explored the body weight changes from pregnancy to postpartum and the related characteristics in women within 12 months after childbirth. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted with 102 Korean women within 12 months after childbirth. Data were collected using an online survey system, and a structured questionnaire available for electronic self-administration was modified to include demographics, obstetrical history, and body weight at 6 time points. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Eating Habit Measurement instruments were also used in data collection. A professional survey agency recruited the participants, and data were automatically saved and then analyzed. Results: The average age of the participants was 33.8 years, 48% were housewives and were well-educated. Seventy-two percent of the participants were primiparas and 82% had breastfed their babies. The body mass index (BMI) ranged from 17.3 to 27.8, indicating that 21.5% of the participants were overweight or obese. The mean gestational weight gain was 11.8 kg, and weight loss was apparent during the first 3 months postpartum. The mean decline in weight was 3.4 kg at one year after childbirth. Women wanted to lose 5.6 kg (range: 3~20 kg), however 44% of them reported that they had not engaged in any weight control efforts. Further, 72% of them reported having engaged in a low level of physical activity. Body weight was not associated with women's characteristics, physical activity score, and diet. Conclusion: Women's awareness of gestational weight gain, lifestyle modification, and the risk of prolonged weight retention should be promoted through the antenatal and women's healthcare systems. As pregnancy and childbirth are critical events that affect women's health, integrative education to ensure healthy transition to life after delivery is required.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 1997

This study is descriptive research clarifying the relations between physical inconvenience, social aptitude and sense of satisfaction In life of the chronic arthritis patients. This research has been conducted from 115 patients by structured self-reporting questionnaires and direct interview of the adult patients over the age of 16 years old who had been under treatment in 3 University hospitals in Seoul from Oct. 4, 1996 through Oct. 24, 1996 for 20 days. The collected materials have been under t-test and F-test(ANOVA) per variables after computerizing using SPSS package and the correlation between various causes was conducted by pearson's correlation coefficient method. The results are as the follows : 1) Generally the age of starling the disease was 40-60 with 91 in female(79.0%) and male 88(76.5%), the persons who had the religion showed the high rate of being taken ill and the persons with over high school education have fallen ill by 46.1%. The monthly income has shown that 77.5% was over 1,000,000won or over, the periods of the disease in average was 4 years 3 months showing it was the chronic disease, the degree of recognizing the disease was 19.0%, spouse and children were most concerned about their disease and the part of Joint attacked was knee(73.0%), wrist(43.5%) and others which showed that they have been very inconvenient in daily life. 2) The variables affecting to physical inconvenience were by age (F=9.06, p=.000), education level(F=7.14, p=000), economic standards (F=2.18, p=.05), the period of disease(F=3.09, p=.03), hospitalized or not(F=3.23, p=.002), showing such correlations. 3) The variables affecting to the social adaptation were by age (F=3.47, p=.018), education level(F=4.98, p=.001), periods of taken ill (F=419, p:.007), hospitalized or not (F=3.23, p=.004) and the operation or not (F=1.30, p=.028) showing such correlations. 4) The variables affecting to life satisfaction were by sex(t=2.08, p=.045), economic status(F=3.15, p=.01) being able to explain statistically. Through the above correlations, they are required to receive self-management education positively to elevate the effect of rehabilitation treatment and effective nursing arbitration and also they required to be reduced physical inconvenience at the early stage and be helped to be able to lead the quality life in satisfaction by elevating the diverse adaptation to the society by correcting the transformed joint.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-92
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• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior of hospital employees, and based on the investigation, to suggest some implications for effective human resources management of hospitals. For this purpose, physical therapists were selected as the subject of the research. Using their individual characteristics, job characteristics, professionalism and group cohesiveness as the variables affecting organizational citizenship behavior, an empirical model was constructed and tested. A survey was conducted through structured and self-administered questionnaire for the physical therapists working at hospitals of Busan-Kyongnam area, and data from 240 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, perception on professionalism and the degree of organizational citizenship behavior were higher for male, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. It is necessary to develope some measures to educate and motivate the employees who are in lower state of professionalism and organizational citizenship behavior. Second, among the individual characteristics, need for growth was found to have significant, positive influence on professionalism and group cohesiveness, but no direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, extroversion had direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as on professionalism and group cohesiveness. This result suggests that personnel selection and personality education should be conducted carefully. Third, job characteristics appeared to have very large, positive effect on professionalism, but not directly on organizational citizenship behavior. Fourth, professionalism was found to have very large, positive influence on group cohesiveness and direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This implies that enhancing professionalism of physical therapists can strengthen organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals, and hence top management should actively support the programs for job re-design, skill education and quality improvement to enhance professionalism of their employees. Fifth and last, as an intervening factor, group cohesiveness appeared to have the largest, direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. It is, therefore, important for top management to improve group cohesiveness by exploring ways toward greater harmony and solidarity among the members of physical therapy department.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2004

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the burnout state, coping types, and their relationship with organizational citizenship behavior, and based on the investigation, to provide some reference materials for effective management of burnout and appropriate methods of coping. For this purpose, employees of Korean Red Cross Blood Center were selected as the subject of the research. Data for empirical analysis were obtained through mail survey using structured and self-administered questionnaire for 282 employees of five Red Cross Blood Centers across the nation. Following is the summary of the results: 1) Degree of organizational citizenship behavior was higher among the married, the forties in age, and the employees whose major reason for choosing to work at the Center was 'to help other people.' On the other hand, degree of burnout was higher among the single but lower among the forties in age and the employees who chose to work at the Center because of suitable abilities and interests. As for the types of coping, problem-oriented coping method was more frequently used by the married, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. 2) Among the three kinds of burnout, 'achievement burnout' was found to have the greatest influence on the organizational citizenship behavior, negatively affecting organizational citizenship behavior as a whole and all of its components except for 'sportsmanship.' Next was 'impersonality burnout,' which also had negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior as a whole, and altruism, conscientiousness and sportsmanship among the components. Finally, 'emotion burnout' appeared to have positive effect on altruism and courtesy but negative effect on sportsmanship. 3) Among the various types of coping, 'problem-oriented' and 'positive perspective' coping methods were found to positively influence overall organizational citizenship behavior, whereas 'stress dissolution' had negative effect. These results imply that special management, counselling and education are needed for sociodemographic groups with high burnout to utilize problem-oriented and positive perspective coping methods which are considered to have desirable effects in coping with burnout problems. In addition, some methods should be devised to prevent and manage the 'achievement burnout' that was found to have great negative influence on organizational citizenship behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1318-1327
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• 2015

In this study, customer service representatives in call centers, the relevance of occupational stress, and turnover intention as well as the investigation of the relevance to that of demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and job-related characteristics is carried out. In particular, the relevance of occupational stress and turnover intention was attempted to be identified. From the response to the surveys of nine hospitals and five companies, there was a total of 158 people during the investigation. The collection of data was conducted by self-administered questionnaire in the period of February 1, 2013 to June 30, 2013. As the result of study, factors related to turnover intention involved age, sleep, job demands and job autonomy as significant variables. In particular, in the relevance of occupational stress and turnover intention, it was revealed that turnover intention decreases as job autonomy increases while turnover intention increases as job demands become higher. The ratio of danger of occupational stress on turnover intention eminently increased in the group of high job demands, low job autonomy, low support of supervisor and co-worker. Therefore, it is considered that efforts for improvement of occupational stress factors are required to decrease turnover intention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3643-3652
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to analyze the IAQ concentrations of school rooms. In this study we measured and characterized IAQ at 440 school rooms from May 2009 to November 2012. At some school rooms, the $PM_{10}$ concentrations exceeded the IAQ guidelines ($100{\mu}g/m^3$) of the Ministry of Education. $CO_2$ concentrations at high schools were 1.18 and 1.06 times higher than that of the elementary and middle schools, respectively. $CO_2$ concentrations of some school rooms were exceeded the IAQ guidelines (1,000 ppm). Moreover, TBC concentrations at elementary school rooms were 1.23 and 1.33 times higher than that of the middle schools and high schools, respectively. TBC and HCHO concentrations did not exceed the IAQ guidelines. The classroom/non-classroom ratio of $PM_{10}$ was 1.06, while that $CO_2$ was 1.04, HCHO was 0.62, and TBC was 1.16.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.282-291
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• 2023

Despite the recent progress in public health measures, malaria remains a troublesome disease that needs to be eradicated. It is essential to develop new antimalarial medications that are reliable and secure. This report evaluated the pharmacokinetics and antimalarial activity of 1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadecane (N-89) using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in vivo. After a single oral dose (75 mg /kg) of N-89, its pharmacokinetic parameters were measured, and t_1/2 was 0.97 h, T_max was 0.75 h, and bioavailability was 7.01%. A plasma concentration of 8.1 ng/ml of N-89 was maintained for 8 h but could not be detected at 10 h. The dose inhibiting 50% of parasite growth (ED₅₀) and ED₉₀ values of oral N-89 obtained following a 4-day suppressive test were 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the plasma concentration of N-89, we evaluated the antimalarial activity and cure effects of oral N-89 at a dose of 75 mg/kg 3 times daily for 3 consecutive days in mice harboring more than 0.5% parasitemia. In all the N-89-treated groups, the parasites were eliminated on day 5 post-treatment, and all mice recovered without a parasite recurrence for 30 days. Additionally, administering oral N-89 at a low dose of 50 mg/kg was sufficient to cure mice from day 6 without parasite recurrence. This work was the first to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and antimalarial activity of N-89 as an oral drug. In the future, the following steps should be focused on developing N-89 for malaria treatments; its administration schedule and metabolic pathways should be investigated.