• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the available literature on the correlation between the gray values (GVs) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the Hounsfield units (HUs) of computed tomography (CT) for assessing bone mineral density. Materials and Methods: A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS for studies published through September 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and animal studies that analyzed the correlations GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT were included in this review. The review was prepared according to the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. A quantitative analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. Results: The literature search identified a total of 5,955 studies, of which 14 studies were included for the qualitative analysis and 2 studies for the quantitative analysis. A positive correlation was observed between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT. Out of the 14 studies, 100% had low risks of bias for the domains of patient selection, index test, and reference standards, while 95% of studies had a low risk of bias for the domain of flow and timing. The fixed-effects meta-analysis performed for Pearson correlation coefficients between CBCT and CT showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.669; 95% CI, 0.388 to 0.836; P<0.05). Conclusion: The available evidence showed a positive correlation between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제26권
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• pp.93-130
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to catch hold of the problem occurring in the process in which librarians have obtained government publications and to show the method that can construct the rational distribution system of government publications. For this study, total 56 librarians who work for 44 institutes sponsored by central government and 12 institutes sponsored by local government were chosen as the objects of research and questionnaire survey to know how to obtain government publications. How to construct the rational distribution system of government publications is as follows. (1) The exclusive organization to manage overall service for government publications should be established newly or previous similar organization should be reorganized. (2) As reinforcing the law concerning deposit copy, government publications should be distributed obligatorily to all of the depository agency, and the depository library system of government publications should be introduced and managed newly. Especially the management of deposit copy and the depository library system of government publications should be undertaken by the exclusive agency of government publications. (3) Free-government publications should be converted to pay-government publications as much as possible so that everyone can purchase government publications easily. And free-government publications which are difficult to convert to pay-government publications should be distributed according to rational standard by the exclusive agency of government publications. (4) Pay-government publications should be sold by private distribution organization under exclusive agency of government publications. Also printing, editing and pricing of pay-government publications should be done by private distribution organization to compete with general books. (5) In order to promote the sales of pay-government publications, the sales centers of government publications must be established even in city and county. Also special government publications which have much demand should be sold even in general book stores. Especially the management of the sales centers should be undertaken by private distribution organization. (6) It is necessary to abolish or improve unreasonable regulations or system related to government publications and to make legislative, institutional devices for government publications. (7) The public relations for government publications should be enforced much through TV or radio etc. , and the various bibliographic tools of government publications should be developed and disseminated for the sake of much utilization of government publications. (8) By using new technology like CD-ROMs or communication networks, electronic production and distribution of government publications should be push ahead positively. And electronic information distribution center to su n.0, pport it should be established by government agency.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.205-221
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• 2018

This systematic review aimed to analyze the efficacy of corticosteroid premedication compared to placebo or no treatment to reduce postoperative pain in endodontic patients. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing corticosteroids via oral, intramuscular, subperiosteal, intraligamentary or intracanal route compared to passive or active placebo, or no treatment were included. Four databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase up to 2/21/2018. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Risk of bias tool. Fourteen RCTs with 1,462 generally healthy adults in need of endodontic treatment were included. 50% of the studies were at unclear risk and 50% at high risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain at 4-6 hours after Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) was significantly lower by 21 points (0-100 scale) in the corticosteroid group compared to the control group (95% CI -35 to -7; P = 0.003), however this difference was not statistically significant after 24 hours (P = 0.116). The route of administration was oral and intraligament injection. Patients who received corticosteroids prior to IANB were 70.7% more likely to have none or mild pain 4-8 hours after treatment (P = 0.001) and 13.5% more likely 24 hours after IANB (P = 0.013) than patients in the control group. In conclusion, corticosteroid administration (oral or intraligamental) may clinically reduce the level of postoperative pain at 4-8 hours after IANB, however the quality of the evidence was low/moderate due to risk of bias and heterogeneity. Further studies are recommended.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10421-10425
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• 2015

Background: While the incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) has been rising worldwide, the reasons remain undefined. Recent research has focused on effect of red andf processed meat intake as a risk factor, but with inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of data published to date, to ascertain the overall association between intake and NHL. Materials and Methods: A published literature search was performed through Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases for articles published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square and I2 statistics. Dissemination bias was evaluated by funnel plot analysis.We performed a formal meta-analysis using summary measures from these studies. Results: In total, 11 published studies were included in the final analysis. The combined analysis revealed that there was significant association between the red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.19, p=0.01). Additionally, there was showed significance association between processed red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.06 to 1.29, p=0.001). In subgroup analysis, a statistical significant association was noted between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.37, P=0.01) and red meat intake. Conclusions: In this meta-Analysis, there was evidence for association between consumption of red meat, or processed meat and risk of NHL, particularly with the DLBCL subtype in the red meat case.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.529-532
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• 2004

The ECC(Elliptic Curve Cryptogrphics), one of the representative Public Key encryption algorithms, is used in Digital Signature, Encryption, Decryption and Key exchange etc. The key operation of an Elliptic curve cryptosystem is a scalar multiplication, hence the design of a scalar multiplier is the core of this paper. Although an Integer operation is computed in infinite field, the scalar multiplication is computed in finite field through adding points on Elliptic curve. In this paper, we implemented scalar multiplier in Elliptic curve based on the finite field GF($2^{163}$). And we verified it on the Embedded digital system using Xilinx FPGA connected to an EISC MCU. If my design is made as a chip, the performance of scalar multiplier applied to Samsung $0.35 {\mu}m$ Phantom Cell Library is expected to process at the rate of 8kbps and satisfy to make up an encryption processor for the Embedded digital doorphone.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1071-1074
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• 2005

The ECC(Elliptic Curve Cryptogrphics), one of the representative Public Key encryption algorithms, is used in Digital Signature, Encryption, Decryption and Key exchange etc. The key operation of an Elliptic curve cryptosystem is a scalar multiplication, hence the design of a scalar multiplier is the core of this paper. Although an Integer operation is computed in infinite field, the scalar multiplication is computed in finite field through adding points on Elliptic curve. In this paper, we implemented scalar multiplier in Elliptic curve based on the finite field $GF(2^{163})$. And we verified it on the Embedded digital system using Xilinx FPGA connected to an EISC MCU(Agent 2000). If my design is made as a chip, the performance of scalar multiplier applied to Samsung $0.35\;{\mu}m$ Phantom Cell Library is expected to process at the rate of 8kbps and satisfy to make up an encryption processor for the Embedded digital information home system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.651-657
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• 2019

Although smallpox was eradicated in 1980, it is still considered a potential agent of biowarfare and bioterrorism. Smallpox has the potential for high mortality rates along with a major public health impact, eventually causing public panic and social disruption. Passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective intervention for various adverse reactions caused by vaccination and the unpredictable nature of emerging and bioterrorist-related infections. Currently, vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) is manufactured from vaccinia vaccine-boosted plasma; however, this production method is not ideal because of its limited availability, low specific activity, and risk of contamination with blood-borne infectious agents. To overcome the limitations of VIG production from human plasma, we isolated two human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), (SC34 and SC212), bound to vaccinia virus (VACV), from a scFv phage library constructed from the B cells of VACV vaccine-boosted volunteers. The scFvs were converted to human IgG1 (VC34 and VC212). These two anti-VACV mAbs were produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) DG44 cells. The binding affinities of VC34 and VC212 were estimated by competition ELISA to $IC_{50}$ values of $2{\mu}g/ml$ (13.33 nM) and $22{\mu}g/ml$ (146.67 nM), respectively. Only the VC212 mAb was proven to neutralize the VACV, as evidenced by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) result with a $PRNT_{50}$ of ~0.16 mg/ml (${\sim}1.07{\mu}M$). This VC212 could serve as a valuable starting material for further development of VACV-neutralizing human immunoglobulin for a prophylactic measure against post-vaccination complications and for post-exposure treatment against smallpox.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1267-1275
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• 2017

NIST 표준에 정의된 이진체(binary field) 상의 233-비트 타원곡선을 지원하는 타원곡선 암호(elliptic curve cryptography; ECC) 프로세서를 설계하였다. 타원곡선 암호 시스템의 핵심 연산인 스칼라 점 곱셈을 수정형 Montgomery ladder 알고리듬을 이용하여 구현함으로써 단순 전력분석에 강인하도록 하였다. 점 덧셈과 점 두배 연산은 아핀(affine) 좌표계를 기반으로 유한체 $GF(2^{233})$ 상의 곱셈, 제곱, 나눗셈으로 구현하였으며, shift-and-add 방식의 곱셈기와 확장 유클리드 알고리듬을 이용한 나눗셈기를 적용함으로써 저면적으로 구현하였다. 설계된 ECC 프로세서를 Virtex5 FPGA로 구현하여 정상 동작함을 확인하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$ 공정의 CMOS 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과 49,271 GE로 구현되었고, 최대 345 MHz의 동작 주파수를 갖는다. 스칼라 점 곱셈에 490,699 클록 사이클이 소요되며, 최대 동작 주파수에서 1.4 msec의 시간이 소요된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2020

모바일 장치와 IoT의 보안 프로토콜 구현에 적합한 경량 보안 SoC 설계에 대해 기술한다. Cortex-M0을 CPU로 사용하는 보안 SoC에는 타원곡선 암호 (elliptic curve cryptography) 코어, SHA3 해시 코어, ARIA-AES 블록 암호 코어 및 무작위 난수 생성기 (TRNG) 코어 등의 하드웨어 크립토 엔진들이 내장되어 있다. 핵심 연산장치인 ECC 코어는 SEC2에 정의된 20개의 소수체와 이진체 타원곡선을 지원하며, 부분곱 생성 및 가산 연산과 모듈러 축약 연산이 서브 파이프라인 방식으로 동작하는 워드 기반 몽고메리 곱셈기를 기반으로 설계되었다. 보안 SoC를 Cyclone-5 FPGA 디바이스에 구현하고 타원곡선 디지털 서명 프로토콜의 H/W-S/W 통합 검증을 하였다. 65-nm CMOS 셀 라이브러리로 합성된 보안 SoC는 193,312 등가 게이트와 84 kbyte의 메모리로 구현되었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2017

본 연구는 치주질환과 신장질환의 연관성을 알아보기 위한 체계적 고찰이다. Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library 데이터베이스에서 2016년 4월 17일 검색을 완료하였다. 문헌의 선택은 코호트 연구 설계를 기준으로 하였으며, 환자군은 치주질환 또는 중증의 치주질환이 있는 대상자로 하였다. 최종 결과는 만성신장질환의 발생이나 신장기능의 저하로 eGFR을 제시한 연구로 하였다. 최종 선정된 문헌의 양적합성을 위하여 Review Manager (RevMan) 통계 분석 소프트웨어를 이용하였다. 고정효과모형 멘텔-헨젤 방법(M-H)을 이용하여 메타분석을 시행하여 치주질환과 만성신장질환의 연관성을 추정하였다. 검색 전략을 이용하여 총 3,018개의 문헌이 검색되었고, 그 중 4개의 문헌이 최종 분석에 포함되어 메타 분석한 결과 치주질환이 만성신장질환 발생위험과 유의한 연관성이 있음이 나타났다(OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.44~1.90; p<0.001). 만성신장질환 발생 및 신장기능저하를 예방하기 위해서는 개인의 삶의 질 저하와 의료비용부담을 줄이기 위해 기존에 알려진 전통적 위험인자 외에 만성신장질환에 영향을 미치는 치주질환의 예방 및 관리의 필요성이 크다.