• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.332-336
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• 2001

In this study, the reaction at UBM(Under Bump Metallurgy) and solder interface was investigated. The UBM employed in conventional optical packages, Au/Pt/Ti layer, were found to dissolve into molten Au-Sn eutectic solder during reflow soldering. Therefore, the reaction with different diffusion barrier layer such as Fe, Co, Ni were investigated to replace the conventional R layer. The reaction behavior was investigated by reflowing the solder on the pad of the metals defined by Cr layer for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes at 330$^{\circ}C$. Among the metals, Co was found to be most suitable for the diffusion barrier layer as the wettability with the solder was reasonable and the reaction rate of intermetallic formation at the interface is relatively slow.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.286.2-286.2
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• 2013

기존의 이온성 고분자-금속 복합체(IPMC)는 백금(Pt)전극을 이온성 전기활성 고분자(Ionic electroactive polymer)인 나피온에 무전해 도금으로 만들어졌다. 본 연구는 백금전극을 그래핀으로 대체하여 투명 이온성 고분자-그래핀 복합체(IPGC)를 제작하였다. 그래핀은 근적외선 화학기상증착법(NIR-CVD)으로 전이금속 (Cu, Ni) 위에 탄화수소 가스(CH4)를 이용하여 성장하였다. 전이 금속위에 성장된 그래핀을 나피온 양쪽면에 van der Waals 결합력을 이용하는 습식 전이공정으로 전극을 형성하였다. IPGC는 면 저항(4-point probe), 투과도(UV/Vis spectrometer) 및 라만 분광법(Micro Raman spectroscopy)의 측정으로 그래핀 전극의 특성평가를 하였고, 전계방사 주사전자현미경(Field Emisson Scanning Electron Microscope; FE-SEM)을 사용하여 IPGC의 구조적 특성을 확인하였다. 제작된 IPGC의 성능은 백금전극을 이용한 IPMC의 변위(displacement), 힘(force), 작동 주파수(Operating frequency) 분석을 통해 비교 평가하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 1992

The electronic structure change caused by insertion of hydrogen into the interstices of Pd cluster is studied. Several properties such as energy, reduced overlap population (ROP), electon density (ED) and density of states (DOS) are calculated by Extended Huckel Method. Various types of clusters are considered. The same is performed on Ni and Pt and all the results are compared. The results show that the hydrogen atom in Pd is stabilized remarkably but its wave function is almost unperturbed. The fact is compatible with noticeable solubility of hydrogen in Pd but may not be a positive enough evidence to rationalize the claimed cold fusion phenomenon. It is also found that a remarkable charge transfer from Pd atom to hydrogen atom occurs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.578-583
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• 1993

By including the overlap integrals between atomic orbitals, the modified cluster orbitals for a metal cluster of face centered cubic lattice are found. The modified analytic solutions of the cluster are obtained from them with the assumption that the cluster orbitals with different state indices do not mix together. The physical properties-the HOMO levels and the unit electronic energies-of Ni, Pd, and Pt clusters of various size, calculated by the modified cluster orbital method, agree better with the results obtained by the Extended Huckel calculation than those of the previous(unmodified) cluster orbital method do. As a result, it is verified that the physical properties, at least those related to the energy levels, obtained by the Extended Huckel method may be reproduced by use of the modified cluster orbital method instead.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 1993

As an application of the cluster orbitals proposed previously, nickel-, palladium-, and platinum-hydrogen systems are studied. Density of states, projected density of states, HOMO levels, and stabilization energies are calculated and compared with those obtained by extended Huckel method for small clusters. These calculations are extended to large clusters to find the size dependence of several physical quantities. Reduced overlap populations are also calculated to clarify the charge transfer phenomena reported earlier. The calculated physical quantities show no dependence on the cluster size. It is also found that the charge transfer occurs due to the intrinsic character of palladium, not due to the edge effect which may be present in small clusters.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2009

This minireview provides the chosen examples of our recent discoveries in the polymerization of hydrosilanes, dihydrosilole, lactones, and vinyl derivatives using various catalysts. Hydrosilanes and lactones copolymerize to give poly(lactone-co-silane)s with $Cp_2MCl_2$/Red-Al (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) catalyst. Hydrosilanes (including dihydrosilole) reduce noble metal complexes (e.g., $AgNO_3$, $Ag_2SO_4$, $HAuCl_4$, $H_2PtCl_6$) to give nanoparticles along with silicon polymers such as polysilanes, polysilole, polysiloxanes (and silicas) depending on the reaction conditions. Interestingly, phenylsilane dehydrocoupled to polyphenylsilane in the inert nitrogen atmosphere while phenylsilane dehydrocoupled to silica in the ambient air atmosphere. $Cp_2M/CX_4$ (M = Fe, Co, Ni; X = Cl, Br, I) combination initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers. In the photopolymerization of vinyl monomers using $Cp_2M/CCl_4$ (M = Fe, Co, Ni), the photopolymerization of MMA initiated by $Cp_2M/CCl_4$ (M = Fe, Co, Ni) shows while the polymerization yield decreases in the order $Cp_2Fe$ > $Cp_2Ni$ > $Cp_2Co$, the molecular weight decreases in the order $Cp_2Co$ > $Cp_2Ni$ > $Cp_2Fe$. For the photohomopolymerization and photocopolymerization of MA and AA, the similar trends were observed. The photopolymerizations are not living. Many exciting possibilities remain to be examined and some of them are demonstrated in the body of the minireview.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.695-700
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• 1994

여러가지 불균일 촉매$(Rh/Al_2O_3,\;Pd/C,\;Ni,\;Al_2O_3,\;Active\;carbon)$를 이용하여 CFC-113a의 가수소 분해반응을 액상과 기상에서 각각 조사하였다. 액상반응에서는 각 촉매에 따라 반응성은 차이가 났지만, 95% 이상의 높은 선택성으로 $HCFC-123(CF_3CHCl_2)$을 주었다. 특히 $Al_2O-3$가 액상반응에서 상당히 높은 반응성과 선택성을 보인 것은 주목할 만하다. 기상반응의 경우, 전이금속이 포함된 촉매(Pd/C, Pt/C)를 사용하였을 때에는 과수소화물인 $HCFC-133a(CF_3CH_2Cl)$와 HFC-143a(CF_3CH_3)$가 생성되었다. 한편, 액상반응에서 활성을 보이던 $Al_2O_3$는 기상반응에서는 거의 반응성을 보이지 않았다. $Al_2O_3$의 경우 용매로 THF를 사용하였을 경우에는 비교적 부반응 없이 깨끗하게 반응이 진행되었지만, MeOH를 사용하였을 때는 용매로 부터 $CH_3OCH_3$과 $CH_3CH_2OCH_3$ 등이 생성되면서 가수소 분해반응이 진행되었다. 따라서 액상반응에서는 용매의 역할이 중요한 것으로 해석하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.148-159
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• 2003

Statement of problem Metal-ceramic restorations have been used extensively by dental clinicians for nearly 40 years. Strength an functional ability of metal-ceramic restorations are proved to be satisfying, However esthetics and biocompatibility of metal alloy which is used in metal-ceramic restoration is not ideal. Using pure gold as an alternative, have advantage of esthetics, biocompatibility over conventional metal alloy. But there had been little article which studied on the color effect of pure gold on fual porcelain color. Purpose The purpose of this study was to spectrophotometrically evaluate the difference between color of metal alloy(Au-Pt, Ni-Cr) and pure gold, during color masking procedure with opaque porcelain and to analyze the differences, Material and Methods Three types of metal - base metal(Ni-Cr), high gold alloy(Au-Pt), pure gold(GES) - specimen were fabricated 1cm in diameter. Four steps were established - after finishing, after pre-coditioning, after application of first opaque porcelain(0.08mm in thickness), after application of second opaque porcelain(0.15mm in thickness)- and tested color with spectrophotometer every each steps and analyzed with $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ color order system. One-Way ANOVA test was used to and out if there were significant differences between groups tested and Shaffe multiple comparison was used to identify where the differences were. Results 1. After finishing and pre-conditioning, pure gold(GES) group showed most high values in $L^*,a^*,b^*$. 2. After application of first opaque porcelain(0.08mm in thickness), after application of second opaque porcelain(0.15mm in thickness), pure gold(GES) group showed the least difference in $L^*,a^*,b^*$ values and the lowest ${\Delta}E$ value(${\Delta}E$=0.63). 3. After application of first opaque porcelain and after application of second opaque porcelain differences that were significant (P<0.05) between groups were found only in $a^*$ values. 4. Base metal alloy group showed the lowest $a^*$ value in test after application of first opaque porcelain and the highest value in test after application of first opaque porcelain Conclusion Pure gold group and high gold group showed higher $a^*$ values than base metal group when tested after 0.08mm thickness of opaque porcelain was applied and pure gold group showed much similar $L^*,a^*,b^*$ values between 0.08mm thickness and 0.15mm thickness of opaque porcelain. This meant that pure gold was more easily masked by opaque porcelain than the other two groups.

• 센서학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2005

The planar Schottky diodes were fabricated and modeled to probe the device applicability of the cracked GaN epitaxial layer on a (111) silicon substrate. On the unintentionally n-doped GaN grown on silicon, we deposited Ti/Al/Ni/Au as the ohmic metal and Pt as the Schottky metal. The ohmic contact achieved a minimum contact resistivity of $5.51{\times}10.5{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{2}$ after annealing in an $N_{2}$ ambient at $700^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec. The fabricated Schottky diode exhibited the barrier height of 0.7 eV and the ideality factor was 2.4, which are significantly lower than those parameters of crack free one. But in photoresponse measurement, the diode showed the peak responsivity of 0.097 A/W at 300 nm, the cutoff at 360 nm, and UV/visible rejection ratio of about $10^{2}$. The SPICE(Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation with a proposed model, which was composed with one Pt/GaN diode and three parasitic diodes, showed good agreement with the experiment.

• 청정기술
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2015

본 연구는 LNT (lean NOx trap)용 DeNOx 촉매를 개발하기 위해 시도하였다. 이를 위해서 예비실험을 통해 Pt등 귀금속류등의 PGM (platinum group metal)을 사용하지 않는 4개의 촉매, Al/Co/Mn, Al/Co/Ni/Mn, Al/Co/Mn/Ca, Al/Co/Ni 혼합 금속 산화물을 선정하였다. 또한, 이들의 물리화학적인 성질을 평가하기 위해 XRD, EDS, SEM, BET 및 TPD test를 실시하였다. 이러한 평가를 실시한 결과, 4종의 촉매들은 스피넬(spinel)구조를 가지는 결정으로 이루어졌으며 NOx 기체들의 산화-환원 반응이 이루어지기에는 충분한 기공부피와 기공크기를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, TPD test를 통해서는 산화-환원이 일어날 수 있는 산점을 4종의 촉매가 모두 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 더욱이 ramp test를 통해서는 상용(commercial) 촉매와 비슷한 NO 산화 능력을 가지고 있는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 바탕으로, 본 연구에서 선정된 촉매들을 기본으로 하여 조성성분의 변화 및 활성 성분 첨가 등을 한다면, 보다 개선된 LNT용 DeNOx 촉매를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대할 수 있었다.