• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.351-362
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• 2007

Objectives: The present study was intended to assess the mental health of nurses working for university hospitals and to establish which factors determine their mental health. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were given to 1,486 nurses employed in six participating hospitals located in Daejeon City and Chungnam Province between July 1 st and August 31st, 2006. The questionnaire items included sociodemographic, job-related, and psychosocial factors, with job stress factors (JCQ) as independent variables and indices of mental health status (PWI, SDS and MFS) as dependent variables. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables, with hierarchical multiple regression used for determining the factors effecting mental health. The influence of psychosocial and job-related factors on mental health status was assessed by covariance structure analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The factors influencing mental health status among subject nurses included sociodemographic characteristics such as age, number of hours of sleep, number of hours of leisure, and subjective health status; job-related characteristics such as status, job satisfaction, job suitability, stresses such as demands of the job, autonomy, and coworker support; and psychosocial factors such as self-esteem, locus of control and type A behavior patterns. Psychosocial factors had the greatest impact on mental health. Covariance structure analysis determined that psychosocial factors affected job stress levels and mental health status, and that the lower job stress levels were associated with better mental health. Conclusions: Based on the study results, improvement of mental health status among nurses requires the development and application of programs to manage job stress factors and/or psychosocial factors as well as sociodemographic and job-related characteristics.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

Over years it has been increasingly concerned with how upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) are attributed to psychosocial job stressors. A review study was conducted to examine associations between UEMSDs and psychosocial work factors, and to recommend what to consider for the associations. For studies in which the job demand-control-support (DCS) model or its variables were specifically employed, published papers were selected and reviewed. A number of studies have reported relationships between UEMSDs symptoms and psychosocial exposure variables. For example, the findings are: higher numbness in the upper extremity was significantly attributed to by less decision latitude at work; work demands were significantly associated with neck and shoulder symptoms while control over time was associated with neck symptoms; and the combination of high psychosocial demands and low decision latitude was a significant predictor for shoulder and neck pain in a female working population. Sources of bias, such as interaction or study design, were discussed. UEMSDs were shown to be associated with psychosocial work factors in various studies where the job DCS model was addressed. Nonetheless, this review suggests that further studies should be conducted to much more clarify the association between UEMSDs and psychosocial factors.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2018

Background: Psychosocial risk management [Psychosocial Risk Management Approach (PRIMA)] has, through the years, been applied in several organizations in various industries and countries globally. PRIMA principles have also been translated into international frameworks, such as PRIMA-EF (European framework) and the World Health Organization Healthy Workplace Framework. Over the past 10 years, an oil and gas company has put efforts into adopting and implementing international frameworks and standards for psychosocial risk management. More specifically, the company uses a PRIMA. Methods: This study explores available quantitative and qualitative risk data collected through the PRIMA method over the past 8 years in order to explore specific and common psychosocial risks in the petroleum industry. Results: The analyses showed a significant correlation between job resources and symptoms of work-related stress, there was a significant correlation between job demands and symptoms of work-related stress, and there were differences in psychosocial risk factors and symptoms of work-related stress onshore and offshore. The study also offers recommendations on how the results can further be utilized in building a robust system for managing psychosocial risks in the industry. Conclusion: The results from the analyses have provided meaningful and important information about the company-specific psychosocial risk factors and their impact on health and well-being.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.162-175
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between social support, psychosocial factors, and health behaviors of old adults in korean society. Methods: The data which was used in this study was extracted from the second wave of the Korean longitudinal study of aging in 2008. A total of 3,978 elderly aged 65 years or older were included in this study. We conducted $X^2$-test, t-test for the elderly health behavior in accordance with their social support and psychosocial factors. Also, multivariate logistic regressive analysis was performed in order to find how degree social support and psychosocial factors are associated with health behavior after adjusting sex, age, smoking (alcohol drinking), and other significant variables. The data was processed by SAS ver. 9.1 and Stata SE ver. 11. Results: Social support in older adults was significantly associated with lower smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, and eating habit. Also, psychosocial factors were positively associated with smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, and eating habit. Conclusion: health behaviors of old adults are likely to be vulnerable to social support and psychosocial factors. To increase effectiveness of the health policy for the elderly in Korea, it is important to adapt new strategy to include the empowerment of elderly's social networks, policy support to enhance subjective expectation, and life satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.490-500
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the outcome of psychosocial rehabilitation for persons with chronic mental illness and to suggest a hypothetical model of psychosocial rehabilitation which is based on the relationship between influencing factors and then to test its fitness empirically. Method: Data was collected from persons with a chronic mental illness using a self-report questionnaire, and from their case managers using an observed rating questionnaire. A total of 220 cases were used in the final analysis, and a hypothetical model was verified through covariance structure analysis using LISREL. Result: 1) The fitness indices of the model were $X^2=133.77$ (df=48, p=.00), GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.87, RMR=2.32, NNFI=0.95 and NFI=0.95. Twelve paths among fifteen proved to be significant. 2) Psychosocial rehabilitation was influenced directly by symptoms, daily living skill and self-concept, and was influenced indirectly by the psychosocial rehabilitation program service. Psychosocial rehabilitation accounted for 32% of variance of these factors. Conclusion: This study is expected to contribute to understanding the psychosocial rehabilitation phenomena. Besides it will provide basic information for developing strategies of bio-psycho-sociological interventions and evaluations in regard to influential factors of psychosocial rehabilitation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 1999

Chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis is believed to induce a significant psychosocial stressors. The concept of illness intrusiveness-illness induced life style disruptions-was hypothesized to affect psychosocial status. And demographic, socioeconomic, disease and social characteristics were hypotehsized to affect illness intrusiveness. Hierarchial multiple regression analyses were used. As a result, among the demographic factors gender was identified as contributor to directly increase the psychosocial stress and education level was identified to affect the psychosocial stress through illness intrusiveness. Among socioeconomic factors, the burden about the cost of medical treatment was found to indirectly affect the psychosocial stress through the illness intrusiveness. Also income and job were found to affect directly the psychosocial status. Among the disease characteristics, only the pain level was identified to increase the psychosocial stress through the illness intrusiveness. Among the social characteristics, perceived social support is identified to increase the psychosocial stress through the illness intrusiveness. Based upon these results, some suggestions were made for minimizing illness intrusiveness in rheumatoid arthritis and future research.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2009

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between musculoskeletal workload and psychosocial job stress variables from 100 employees from a cable making industry. It was found that the employees who had to do musculoskeletal hazardous tasks suffered higher psychosocial stress in 'decision latitude', 'job insecurity' and 'psychological job demands' also. The employees with higher level of psychosocial job stress in 'psychological job demands' and 'score of the "type A" personality' responded that they had higher 'physical job demands' from the task irrespective of its musculoskeletal hazardousness. These results confirm that musculoskeletal workload were associated with both physical and psychosocial work factors. Attention should be paid to psychosocial work factors along with physical workload to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in the manufacturing industries.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2018

Background: Patient safety and accurate implementation of medication orders are among the essential requirements of par nursing profession. In this regard, it is necessary to determine and prevent factors influencing medications errors. Although many studies have investigated this issue, the effects of psychosocial factors have not been examined thoroughly. Methods: The present study aimed at investigating the impact of psychosocial factors on nurses' medication errors by evaluating the balance between effort and reward. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in public hospitals of Tehran in 2015. The population of this work consisted of 379 nurses. A multisection questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: In this research, 29% of participating nurses reported medication errors in 2015. Most frequent errors were related to wrong dosage, drug, and patient. There were significant relationships between medications errors and the stress of imbalance between effort and reward (p < 0.02) and job commitment and stress (p < 0.027). Conclusion: It seems that several factors play a role in the occurrence of medication errors, and psychosocial factors play a crucial and major role in this regard. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate these factors in more detail and take them into account in the hospital management.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.390-403
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• 2005

Bullying behavior problems among middle school students have been increasing and being severe social problem. Therefore, on the basis of ecosystematic perspective, this study proposed the psychosocial factors that have various subsystems, such as individual level, family level, school level. Purposes of this study are to grasp the actual conditions of bulling and to examine psychosocial factors affecting bullying behavior of middle school students. For this study, surveyed were those 354 students who indicated they experienced bullying. The findings are as follows: Firstly, 49.2% of surveyed youth has the bullying offending experience. In detail, 26.7% of the bullies is estrangement from relations, 41.9% is verbal teasing, 18.2% is physical teasing. Secondly, the most important psychosocial factors to influence bullying behavior has been found the factors from the school. In the next place, from the individual. The prior factors that have relative influencing power on the bullying behavior are in order as follows- experience as victims of bullying and witness to bullying, aggression, peer group's exposure to delinquency, emotional unrest among sub-type borderline features, self-esteem, peer aggregation, a marital discord.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

Background: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a common and disabling problem among carpet weavers and is linked to physical and psychosocial factors of work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MSP, its psychosocial risk factors, and association of pain in each pair of anatomical sites among carpet weavers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 546 hand-woven carpet weavers in rural small-scale workshops of Iran. Data were collected by using parts of a standardized CUPID (Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability) questionnaire focused on MSP in 10 body sites, including the low-back, neck, both right and left shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, individual, physical and psychosocial risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed applying logistic regression models. Results: Prevalence of MSP in at least one body sitewas 51.7% over the past month. The most common sites were low back and right shoulder pain 27.4% and 20.1%, respectively. A significant difference was found between the mean number of painful anatomical sites and the level of education, age, physical loading at work, time pressure, lack of support, and job dissatisfaction. In pairwise comparisons, strongest association was found between pain in each bilateral anatomical site (odds ratio = 11.6-35.3; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In home-based workshops of carpet weaving, psychosocial factors and physical loading were associated with MSP. This finding is consistent with studies conducted among other jobs. Considering the preventive programs, the same amount of attention should be paid to psychosocial risk factors and physical loading. Also, further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the relationship of psychological factors.