• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6_2
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 2015

The key objective of terrorism is to create favorable conditions for certain political, ideological, or religious interests through deliberate social chaos and the spread of fear. Accordingly, terrorist groups rally the means and methods capable of spreading fear among the public through shocking violence. Consequently, as terrorism manifests the progress in modern civilization and the structure of international community, its concepts, means, and methods evolve organically with the progress. The characteristics of the modern terrorism include that it has evolved as a means of war against countries by non-state militant groups, and suicide terrorism is spreading like epidemic as it fits the strategies of Islamic extremist and terrorist organizations as a part of international politics based on terrorism. The humanity's efforts to eliminate the threat of terrorism led to decades of implementing premature policies of military force, but they were found ineffective and resulted in the spread of extreme threat of suicide terrorism. For prevention of suicide terrorism, the efforts must be made to dismantle the basis of suicide attacks through addressing religious alienation and antipathy against a civilization using the notions similar to treatment of pathology considering psychological motives of suicide terrorists.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 2012

The goal of current study is to make a standard pattern identification for post stroke depression using a delphi method. Finally, ten experts of oriental medicine, especially of stroke or depression, participated in Dephi examination. At the first meeting, experts conducted free discussion and determined to use the previous published questionnaires of Deficiency-Excess identification and Cold-Heat identification. From the second round, experts participated in evaluating and correcting the questionnaire by email. New seven questions were added to the questionnaire of Deficiency-Excess identification through the second round. Finally, the standard pattern identification of Cold-Heat or Deficiency-Excess is composed 20 questions and 11 questions, respectively. These pattern identifications for post stroke depression will contribute to research and treatment of oriental medicine.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.sup1
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2008

It is relatively common to have various feeding problem during infancy and childhood, even for typically developing children. Treatment outcome studies for pediatric feeding disorder consistently reported that applied behavior analaysis (ABA), a type of behavior intervention, is very effective and efficacious. Interdisciplinary team approach is necessary for severe feeding problems, but similar methods could be used through parent training for moderate and mild feeding problems. This article introduced assessment procedure to identify feeding problems as well as specific methods to deal with diver feeding issues. Each strategy can be used effectively only when it is combined with several other strategies including environmental rearrangement and should be developed individually upon each child's feeding issues. In addition, systematic and continuous parent trainings are mandatory. At the end, several treatments related issues were addressed.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2010

This type of neuropathic pain(atypical odontalgia) is seen most often in middle-aged women or men after dentoalveolar operation. Atypical odontalgia probably is caused by deafferentation leading to intraneural changes in the medullary dorsal horn. Treatment of this problem is difficult, but some success has been reported in uncontrolled, open-labeled studies using high doses of tricyclic antidepressants. This is the management report of a patient case, that had a neuropathic atypical odontalgia recognized with the right maxillary lateral incisor. The patient was consulted to the Department of Pain Clinics, ENT & Neurology and diagnosed the adenoid cystic carcinoma on left cerebellum and right paranasal sinus with extension to the cavernous sinus. In spite of the osteoplastic craniotomy, neurosurgical mass removal and radiation therapy were done with chemotherapy, atypical odontalgia was continued. In addition to the consultation to Psychology, stress management and antidepressant medication were done and improved slowly.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2014

Objective : This study aimed to examine impact of anxiety and demographic factors on relationship between severity of depressive symptom and quality of life and disability. Methods : One hundred ninety five patients who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for depressive disorder were enrolled. It includes "Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD)", "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S)", "General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12 (GHQ/QL-12)", and "Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS)". Correlation analysis was used to see the correlations of each variable. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to see mediating effect of anxiety in the relationship. Sobel test was used to verify mediating effect. Multiple regression analysis was used to see moderating effect of demographic factors in the relationship. Results : There was partial mediating effect of anxiety on the relationship between severity of depressive symptoms and decreased quality of life (z=-11.68, p<.001)/increased disability (z=10.42, p<.001). Only religion was found to be moderating effect on the relationship between depressive symptoms and decreased quality of life. Conclusion : Rapid relief of anxiety along with depressive symptom had important implications for the treatment of patients with depression.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.180-191
• /
• 1997

When women are removed with their matrix which is a emotionally significant organ of symbol in psychologically adapting themselves to mother and woman, that is threatened and injured with woman role decisively. The nursing for women with hysterectomy is limited to medical treatment and the nursing related to troubles in psychology, emotion they experience in general situation due to operations is hardly realized. New basis for nursing can be realized when we both have relation with lived human experience related th health and become to be a part of it. We need to catch their experience due to the loss of matrix to understand women with hysterectomy. The subjects of the study were nine patients who were admitted to a gynecological ward of a hospital in Seoul, suffering from vaginal bleeding, back pain, abdominal pain and so on and diagnosing as non-cancer. The data were collected from April to May 1997 by listening to the subjects' expression of their experience and by participant observation of the subjects' reactions. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects, to prevent the loss of spoken information. The result of the study was as follows : The data on burden content from the interview were categorized as psych-emotional, physical, personal interaction, financial burden and maternal role burden. The factors which have influence on the burden of the subjects are an offer of information, support system, age, occupation, economic situation, family history, character, season, the existence of ovary and religion. In conclusion, since we ascertained that the nursing in the process of recovery decide the quality of life, though women with hysterectomy undergo various burden experience and adapt to it in the end, it is necessary to give them enough information and educate husband, having on important effect on the burden experience, to be a good supporter. And technically skilled nurses of consultant are thought to be able to contrive better qualitative life of women with hysterectomy as an important bridge between the subjects and their required information, since the nurses have their well-formed position of relationship of confidence through continuous contact with patients and their family.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1961-1966
• /
• 2016

Background: To investigate the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a sample of patients with prostate cancer and to determine the utility of the previously suggested cutoffs of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) for the diagnosis of PE and that of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for ED. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,202 men with prostate cancer were invited from urology clinics at the universities of Iran, Tehran, Qazvin, Ahvaz, Guilan and Tabriz. Clinical characteristics were collected through medical records. PE and ED diagnoses were made by trained urologists. In addition to the clinical diagnoses, PE and ED were measured through self-report using the PEDT and the IIEF-5. Questionnaire cutoff scores were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and confirmed by predictive ability using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of PE was 63.7% and that of ED was 66.2%. Prevalences of PE decreased and that of ED increased with advanced TNM stages. According to ROC, the suggested cutoff for the PEDT to diagnose a PE was ${\geq}11$ (sensitivity=0.988, 1-specificity=0.084, and predictive ability=0.914) and ${\leq}17$ for the IIEF-5 (sensitivity=0.966, 1-specificity=0.031, and predictive ability=0.967). Conclusions: Prevalence of sexual problems was high in prostate cancer patients in Iran, therefore oncologists should take into account these potential problems when deciding on treatment modalities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.359-371
• /
• 2017

This study qualitatively examined the lives of non-tenured, secondary school teachers who are preparing for the teachers' exam. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with ten teachers and the data were analyzed using the consensual qualitative research method. Most of the participants had chosen a contract-based teaching position, believing that it would meet their financial needs, provide them with the satisfaction of being a teacher and, more importantly, afford practical help with their exam preparation. In practice, however, they suffered from low self-esteem and identity confusion due to discrimination by the school administrators. Ironically, this unfair treatment strengthened the participants' commitment to studying for the exam, in order to acquire a stable and secure position in school. However, they experienced a lot of study-related stress, including a lack of study hours, heavy study load, multiple life roles, physical exhaustion, the difficulties caused by the vague exam guide, and anxiety due to previous failure in the exam. Based on the findings of this study, directions for future research are suggested.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2013

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the individual and community level factors which were influencing the severe injury patients' death and transfer at discharge. Methods: Analysis data is based on Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Survey Data released by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2006 to 2008. Study subjects was 11,026 inpatients with of severe injury. For multi-level analysis, socio-demographic characteristics, injury related characteristics, hospitalization related characteristics were used as individual level factors, and socio-environmental characteristics and health care resource characteristics were used as community level factors. Results: As to community level factors affecting mortality of severe injury, the possibility of death was also high in cases of less numbers of surgeons per a population of 100,000 and more number of operation beds. As to community level factors affecting transfer of severe injury, vulnerable areas with higher social deprivation index and low population density had higher possibility of transfer. Conclusion: Both individual level factors and community level factors affected clinical outcomes of treatment for severe injury. In particular, since there happened higher death and transfer of severe injury in socioeconomic and medical vulnerable areas, special efforts for establishing preventive policy and care system for injury in national and area level should be directed toward such areas.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.107-110
• /
• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, both disease susceptibility and drug response are considered to be related to the characteristics of an individual's physiology and psychology: a theory which is central to traditional Korean medicine. Based on such observable characteristics, Sasang constitutional medicine classifies people into four constitutional types. Genetic studies of Sasang constitution would help reveal the inheritance patterns and models of the typological traits and, moreover, help with traditional medical diagnosis and treatment. To investigate the heritable aspect of Sasang constitution, we collected various pedigrees from South Korea. The study population has 101 pedigrees composed of 593 individuals. The determination of the Sasang constitution type of each individual was performed by doctors who diagnose the Sasang constitutional type of individuals as part of their professional practice. We calculated estimates of familial correlation and heritability. Parent-Offspring pairs showed the strongest familial correlation of Sasang constitutional type, with the correlation values of 0.21 and 0.28, followed by sibling pairs with the value ranging between 0.14 and 0.25. From the heritability analysis conducted with the Variance-Component method, the heritability of TE (Tae-Eum) type, SY (So-Yang) type, and SE (So-Eum) type were 55%, 41%, and 47%, respectively. This pattern of heritability was consistent with different set of analyses, which suggest the robustness of our result. Our result clearly shows that the Sasang constitution type is heritable, and further genetic analysis based on our result will shed light on the biological mechanism of Sasang constitution.