• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.257-259
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• 2005

Although automated continuous-monitoring blood culture systems are both rapid and sensitive, false-positive and false-negative results still occur. The objective of this study, then, was to evaluate negative results occurring with BacT/Alert 3D blood culture systems. A total of 1032 samples were cultured with the BacT/Alert 3D automated blood culture system, using both aerobic (BPA) and anaerobic (BPN) media, and 128 of these samples yielded positive results. A total of 904 negative blood samples were then subcultured in $5\%$ sheep blood agar, eosin methylene blue, chocolate agar, and sabouraud-dextrose agar. Organisms growing on these subcultures were subsequently identified using both Vitek32 (bioMerieux, Durham, NC) and conventional methods. Twenty four $(2.6\%)$ of the 904 subcultures grew on the subculture media. The majority $(83.3\%)$ of these were determined to be gram-positive microorganisms. Fourteen $(58.3\%)$ were coagulase-negative staphylococci, two $(8.3\%)$ were Bacillus spp., one $(4.2\%)$ was Staphylococcus aureus, and one $(4.2\%)$ was identified as Enterococcus faecium. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria spp. were isolated together in two $(8.3\%)$ vials. Gram-negative microorganisms comprised $12.5\%$ of the subcultures, of which two $(8.3\%)$ were found to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one $(4.2\%)$ was Pseudomonas fluorescens. The other isolate $(4.2\%)$ was identified as Candida albicans. We conclude that the subculture of negative results is valuable in the BacT/Alert 3D system, especially in situations in which only one set of blood cultures is taken.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2010

A series of N(2)-benzothiazolyl substituted tetrahydroindazoles has been synthesized via cyclic ${\beta}$ keto esters. Optimum reaction condition was found as acidic toluene and effect of higher acidity towards substituted hydrazines in situ was described. Synthesized compounds have been achieved as single isomer and characterized by using 1D and 2D NMR spectral reports. Antimicrobial screening was carried out for the synthesized compounds along with a series of N(2)-pyridyl tetrahydroindazoles.1 The results of the in vitro antimicrobial screening studies revealed that compounds 13, 16 against Staphylococcus aureus, 11 against Escherichia coli, 10-12, 16 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 12 against Klebsiella pneumoniae recorded almost two-fold better activity compared to the standard drug used.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.899-904
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• 2011

A series of 5-indolylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinones (4a-h) were obtained by multi-component reaction of 3-formylindole (1), thiobarbituric acid/barbituric acid (2) and thiourea/urea (3) under microwave irradiation in dry media. Secondly, grinding together neat reactants also gave the titled compounds in good yields. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, $^1H$ NMR and Mass). Representative compounds were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at different concentrations. Some of the compounds showed promising activity.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1980

Exoenzymes, protease(P) and elastase(E) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are reported to have close relationship with pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Productibility of exoenzymes P and E were studied and compared in environmental isolates from hospital environments and clinical isolates from various clinical specimens, also, the relationship between their enzyme production and serotype were reviewed. 1. Clinical isolates were typed into nine serotypes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I. Serotype E had the highest incidence of 24%, followed by B with 16.8%, G, 15.1% and C, 9.3%. 2. Environmental isolates were, typed as serotype B, C, E, F, G, H, I, K and M. Serotype I had the highest incidence of 26.6%, followed by C, F and M each incidence of 14.3%. 3. In the typing of the above two groups, serotypes A and D were found only in the clinical isolates and serotypes K, and M were found only in the environmental isolates. Serotypes J and L were found in neither clinical isolates nor environmental isolates. 4. In the distribution of serotypes from various clinical specimens, serotype G among isolates from pus showed incidence of 20.4%, and serotypes E and B were 19.5% separately. Serotype E had incidence of 22.6% and 20.0% in urine and sputa respectively, showing a high rate compared to the other serotypes. 5. The incidence of strains producing both exoenzymes P and E was 77.8% in the preserved strains of clinical isolates and 76.2% in the environmental isolates. There were no significant difference between the two groups. 6. Serotypes A and H, which are preserved strains from clinical isolates showed productibility of both exoenzymes P and E, the other serotypes showed productibility of various combination of exoenzymes. Among the environmental isoaltes, production of both exoenzymes P and E were seen in serotypes E, F, G, H, I and K and no serotype produced only P or E. 7. In ability to produce exoenzymes of isolates from sources of various clinical specimens, strains producing both exoenzymes P and E were found most frequently in pus with incidence rate of 82.0%, followed by 80.0% in sputum and urine. 8. Almost all the fresh strains of clinical isolates were producers of both exoenzymes P and E.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 1996

맥류세균성 줄무늬병균의 선택배양기(KM-1)를 개발하여 이병식물체 및 토양으로부터 Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens를 선택적으로 분리할 수 있는 효율성을 검토하였다. KM-1배양기의 구성성분은 증류수 1 L당 lactose 10 g, D(+)trehalose 4.0 g, thiobarbituric acid 0.2 g, K\ulcornerHPO\ulcorner 및 KH\ulcornerPO\ulcorner 각각 0.8 g, yeast extract 30 mg, NH\ulcornerCl 1 g, cycloheximide 100 mg, tobramycin 8.0 mg, ampicillin 1.0 mg 및 Bacto agar 15 g이며 1 N NaOH로 pH 6.6으로 조절하였다. X. c. t.의 균주별 KM-1의 배양효율은 비선택성 농후배지인 Wilbrinks agar에 비하여 1.30정도였으며, 기타 토양전염성식물병원세균 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora, Corynebacterium insidiosum, 및 기타 토양생존 부생세균 Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida 등의 생장을 완벽하게 억제하였다. KM-1의 저장기간(shelf-life)도 5$^{\circ}C$에서 2개월 동안 선택성을 유지하였다. 따라서 본 병원균의 전염원의 생존 등 발생생태연구에 활용될 수 있는 가치가 충분히 인정되었다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2014

The antibacterial effect of Quercus salicina Blume extract was investigated and then the stability of a cream containing it best performing fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction, was evaluated. The antibacterial effect was evaluated on the skin microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the Q. salicina Blume extract fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against S. aureus (1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$), B. subtilis (2,500 ${\mu}g/ml$), P. acnes (1,200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and P. aeruginosa (312 ${\mu}g/ml$). Therefore, a cream containing 0.25% ethyl acetate fraction of Q. salicina Blume extract was prepared and evaluated for stability. The pH, viscosity, and absorbance of the cream were measured under various temperatures (4, 20, 37, $45^{\circ}C$) and sun light during a 12 week period. The changes in viscosity, absorbance and pH of the cream did not change significantly during the term of the experiment when compared with a placebo cream. In addition, any change in color or odor of the cream was not observed during the 12 weeks. These results indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction of Q. salicina Blume extract has a high antibacterial effect and is stable as a cream. There is therefore some potential for its use in cosmetic materials.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.428-437
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• 1996

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new fluoroquinolone, DWP20364(1-cyclopropyl-5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]oto-4-ene-7-yl)-1 ,4-di-hydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) were evaluated in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin(CPFX), sparfloxacin(SPFX) and ofloxacin(OFLX). DWP20364 was more potent than CPFX and OFLX against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus faecium MD8b and it was similarly or slightly less active than CPFX against Escherichia spp. and Pseudomonas spp.. For MRSA and OFLX resistant strains (Staphylococcus spp.(14),Enterococcus spp.(4), Acinetobacter spp.(2), Pseudomonas spp.(9), Klebsiella spp.(2) and Serratia spp.(6)),DWP20364(MICs for 90% of strains,0.025 and 12.5${\mu}$g/ml, respectively) was 4 to 32 folds more potent than SPFX and CPFX. The activity of DWP20364 decreased moderately in the presence of 5mM $Mg^{2+}$. However, various pHs and the concentrations of various serum had no effect on the activity of DWP20364. DWP20364 possessed a bacteriocidal effect at the 1MIC against gram positive and gram negative strains. The protective effect of DWP20364 against systemic infections in mice caused by S. aureus Smith or S. aureus L2379 was superior to that of CPFX and SPFX but it was less active than that of CPFX against infection by P. aeruginosa E-2.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1432-1438
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• 1998

The gamma-radiation sensitivity of eight kinds of pathogenic bacteria related to beef was investigated in frozen cells $(-18^{\circ}C)$ with 0.1 M phosphate buffer and inoculated cells in beef. In frozen cells, D10 values of pathogenic bacteria related to beef were $0.07{\sim}0.69$ kGy, and inactivation factors were $2.90{\sim}42.86$ at the radiation doses of $2{\sim}3$ kGy. Beef was inoculated with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Inoculated beef samples were packaged in air and irradiated at 0.005 to 3.0 kGy. Ninety percent of the viable pathogenic bacteria in beef was eliminated by doses of $0.1{\sim}0.61$ kGy at room temperature, and the inactivation factors were $3.28{\sim}30.0$ kGy at the radiation doses of $2{\sim}3$ kGy. Therefore, irradiation is considered to be an effective method to control pathogenic bacteria in beef.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.229-238
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• 2011

A series of novel glucose derived benzyl and alkyl 1,2,3-triazoles and their hydrochlorides have been synthesized via Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. All the new compounds were characterized by MS, IR and NMR spectra. The DEPT, APT, $^1H$-$^1H$ and $^1H-^{13}C$ 2D NMR spectra for some compounds were also recorded. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The bioactive data revealed that (3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-4,5-bis((1-octyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol 8a exhibited excellent antifungal activity against A. fumigatus with an MIC value of 0.055 mM compared to Fluconazole. It also showed broad inhibitory efficacy against tested bacterial strains with MIC values ranging from 0.049 mM to 0.39 mM.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.805-809
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• 2006

Ozonized olive oil was tested for its mutagenic potential in a Salmonella/microsome assay. Additionally, antimicrobial activity was tested against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogenic strains related to acne, using the paper disk and agar dilution method. Ozonized olive oil showed antimicrobial activities against all the strains tested, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values in a range of 2${\sim}$10 mg/mL. Mutagenicity of ozonized olive oil was evaluated with Salmonells typhimurium TA98, TA100 and Ta1535, with and without addition of S9 mixture. No increase in the number of $his^{+}$ revertants over the negative control (solvent and non-ozonized olive oil) values was observed with TA98 (1,000 ${\mu}g/plate$), TA100 (1,500 ${\mu}g/plate$) and TA1535 (1,500 ${\mu}g/plate$) strains. The results from this study suggested that ozonized olive oil does not show any mutagenic potential.