• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2007

Purpose : Febrile seizures occur in childhood associated with a febrile illness not caused by infections of the central nervous system. Provoked seizures are identified with seizures in association with infections that do not usually affect the brain such as gastroenteritis, except criteria for other febrile seizures in this study. We studied seizures provoked by minor extracranial infections, to contrast them with febrile and provoked seizures. Methods : We retrospectively studied one hundred and twenty children with provoked and febrile seizures who visited Chungbuk National University hospital from January, 2000 to December, 2004. Among these children, 36 patients were determined as provoked seizures and 84 patients as febrile seizures. We compared the distribution of minor infections between the patients with provoked seizures and those with febrile seizures, and studied risk factors of subsequent unprovoked seizures after febrile and provoked seizures associated with minor infections. Results : We analyzed the records of 120 children aged from 1 month to 15 years. The common etiologies of minor infections were gastroenteritis and respiratory infections. In the group of febrile seizures, there was a significantly greater proportion of patients with respiratory infections (58.3%) and a lesser proportion of those with gastroenteritis (25.0%). But there was a higher incidence of gastroenteritis (50.0%) in the provoked group. Comparing the distribution of etiologies between the patients with provoked seizures and those with febrile seizures seemed a significant difference. But, there were no difference between the provoked seizures and febrile seizures in the risk for subsequent unprovoked seizures. Conclusion : In conclusion, the leading cause except brain involvement is gastroenteritis in patients with provoked seizures, and respiratory infection in those with febrile seizures. Thus we need prompt recognition of, and medical attention given to, seizures associated with minor infections.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.165-181
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• 2000

Sinichengpaeum has been widely used in the oriental medical treatment of nasal diseases. These studies were performed done to investigate the effect of Sinicheng- paeum on the anti-allergic action We studied the vascular permeability response induced by the histamine and serotonin injection(allergy Ⅰ type), homologous PCA provoked by the IgE-like antibody against EWA(allergy Ⅳ type), contact dermatitis induced by picryl chloride(allergy Ⅳ type), delayed type hypersensitivity response to SRBC (allergy Ⅳ type), and the amount of eosinophil and IgE. The results were as follows: 1. The effect of Sinichengpaeum on vascular permeability responses to intradermal histamine and serotonin were significant. 2. In the homologous PCA provoked by the IgE-like antibody against white egg albumin, Sinichengpaeum showed a significant effect. 3. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride, Sini-chengpaeum provoked a significant effect. 4. After reaction provoked by picryl chloride, Sinichengpaeum showed an insignficant effect on amount of eosinophil, but a significant effect in IgE amount. 5. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to SRBC, Sinichengpaeum provoked a significant effect. 6. After reaction provoked by SRBC, Sinichengpaeum showed a significant effect on amount of cosinophil, but an insignificant effect in IgE amount.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between pain and internal derangement in temporomandibular disorder(TMD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 356 TMD patients (712 temporomandibular joints [TMJs]). The inclusion criteria were the presence of spontaneous or provoked pain on one or both TMJs and having undergone MRI. The patients with provoked pain were divided into 3 groups: pain on palpation, pain on mouth opening, and pain on mastication. MRI was performed using a 1.5-T scanner. T1- and T2-weighted parasagittal and paracoronal images were obtained. According to the findings on the T1-weighted images, another 3 groups were created based on internal derangement: normal, disc displacement with reduction, and disc displacement without reduction. The MRI findings were independently interpreted by 2 experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists at 2 different times. Statistical analysis was performed by the chi-square test using SPSS (version 12.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Provoked pain on mouth opening was found to be correlated with internal derangement in TMD patients (P<.05). However, spontaneous pain and provoked pain on palpation or mastication were not associated with internal derangement(P>.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that internal derangement was a significant predictor of provoked pain on mouth opening.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to find the relationship between pain and joint effusion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 232 TMD patients. The inclusion criteria in this study were the presence of spontaneous pain or provoked pain on one or both temporomandibular joints (TMJs). The provoked pain was divided into three groups: pain on palpation (G1), pain on mouth opening (G2), and pain on mastication (G3). MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5-T MRI scanner. T1- and T2-weighted images with para-sagittal and para-coronal images were obtained. According to the T2-weighted image findings, the cases of effusions were divided into four groups: normal, mild (E1), moderate (E2), and marked effusion (E3). A statistical analysis was carried out using the $X^2$ test with SPSS (version 12.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Spontaneous pain, provoked pain, and both spontaneous and provoked pain were significantly related to joint effusion in TMD patients (p<0.05). However, among the various types of provoked pain, pain on palpation of the masticatory muscles and TMJ (G1) was not related to joint effusion in TMD patients (p>0.05). Conclusion: Spontaneous pain was related to the MRI findings of joint effusion; however, among the various types of provoked pain, pain on palpation of the masticatory muscles and TMJ was not related to the MRI findings of joint effusion. These results suggest that joint effusion has a significant influence on the prediction of TMJ pain.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2019

Purpose - Recently, many theoretical researches suggested that arts-based marketing strategies provide many benefits for marketers to differentiate their brand or product from others. However, there has been little research focusing on consumers' response types from artwork (artifact-emotion appraisal; A-emotion vs. represented world-emotion appraisal; R-emotion). In order to deepen our understanding of arts-based marketing strategies, we addressed a research question related to how artwork-provoked consumers' emotional response can impact the perceived evaluation of art infused products. Research design, data, and methodology - To answer the research question, we conducted a pretest and one experimental study. The experimental study was 2(art-provoked response type: A-emotion vs. R-emotion) by 2(emotional valence: positive vs. negative) by 2(produce type: hedonic vs. utilitarian) mixed design. The art-provoked response type and emotional valence were between-subject design and product type was within subject design. For the experimental study, 108 undergraduate students and graduate students were randomly assigned to one of 4 conditions (A-emotion-positive, A-emotion-negative, R-emotion-positive, R-emotion-negative). Participants reported their evaluation of art-infused product and other items for a manipulation check. Results - The major results from the experimental study are as follow. First, participant's art-provoked response type influenced evaluation of art infused products differently. More specifically, the effect of emotional valence of artwork on product evaluation was not significant in A-emotion. However, in R-emotion, relative to the product with artwork provoked negative emotional valence, the product with artwork provoked positive emotional valence elicited significantly higher product evaluation. Second, product type also affected the art infusion effect significantly. Particularly, the differential effect of participant's art-provoked response type on product evaluation revealed when it is for a utilitarian product, but not for a hedonic product. Conclusions - Theoretically, the findings of this study expand academic research on art infusion. And the findings also can be extrapolated to generate lots of implication for marketers. In sum, when they plan art marketing strategies to build the favorable relationship with their customers, they need to consider customers' response type of an infused art and product type.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.22-35
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herbal organic extracts on the pain response provoked by noxious stimuli on dental nerve and the peripheral nerve conduction. Cats (2-2.5Kg regardless of sex) that were chosen as experimental animals were classified into control group, Asiasari radix application group and Zingiberis rhizoma application group. They were anesthetized with ${\alpha}$-chloralose, then anterior belly of digastric muscle of both sides were exposed and wire electrodes were inserted for recording of Electromyogram (EMG). Cavities were prepared on canines until pulp of the teeth were exposed. And after the drugs solubilized for 2% and 4% concentration (W/V) in vehicle were applied, their effects were compared through the recording of EMG immediately after drug application, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 5 days after, respectively. And after both inferior alveolar nerves were exposed, 4% organic extracts of Zingiberis rhizoma and Asiasari radix were applied for 30 minutes then the change of jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerves were observed immediately after washing out, at 30, 60 and 90 minutes after drug had been washed out. After saphenous nerve of both sides were exposed, one side of nerve was used for vehicle application and the other side was used for drug application for 30 minutes. Then conduction of action potential of A-${\delta}$ and C-fiders of saphenous nerves, which have changed with time, was recorded. With analysis of these records, the following results were obtained: 1. Organic extract of Zingiberis rhizoma (2% or 4% concentration) greatly suppressed EMG of digastric muscle provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve at five days after application, the suppressive: effect was greater than that of organic extract of Asiasari radix. 2. Organic extract of Asiasari radix (2% or 4% concentration) suppressed jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve, at 5 days after drug application. 3. Organic extract of Zingiberis rhizoma and Asiasari radix (immediately after 30 minutes application) suppressed neural conduction of A-${\delta}$ and C-fibers, the suppressive effect was greater on A-${\delta}$ fibers than on C-fibers. 4. Jaw opening reflex provoked by noxious stimuli on pulpal nerve in inferior alveolar nerve was greatly suppressed 30 minutes after drug application, this effect was greater by Zingiberis rhizoma than by Asiasari radix.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.57-69
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the traditional shopping model and virtual avatar fitting model with regards to credibility and favorable impression effects on shopping mall satisfaction, product preferences, and purchasing intentions of apparel e-commerce. Questionnaires are distributed to 10-30s years old consumers who live in Seoul. Data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and regression analysis. The results are that the provoked credibility and favorable impression from the traditional shopping model affects the consumers' shopping mall satisfaction and buying intention in descending order. In additional, the credibility from traditional shopping model affects the product preference. The provoked credibility from the virtual fitting model influences the consumers' product preferences, and buying intentions. The favorable impression from the virtual fitting model affects shopping mall satisfaction. In general, provoked credibility from virtual avatar fitting model and traditional shopping model play key roles which could influence the consumers' buying intention.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2016

Purpose: In general, confabulation is defined as confusion of reality with past events without apparent prompting, in association with disruption of the capacity for retrieval and encoding of memory. We report on a patient who showed spontaneous confabulation associated with injury of the Papez circuit following middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Methods: A 67-year-old female patient suffered cerebral infarct resulting from spontaneous MCA territory. After onset of the MCA infarct, she showed severe memory impairment and provoked confabulation. The Papez circuit was reconstructed for evaluation of part of it using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume were measured. Results: The right thalamocingulate tract showed a significant decrement of FA value and tract volume, and an increment of MD value by more than two standard deviations of that of normal control subjects. The tract volume in the left fornix and mammillothalamic tract decreased by more than two standard deviations of that of normal control subjects. Conclusion: Injuries of the Papez circuit were demonstrated in a patient who showed severe memory impairment and provoked confabulation following MCA infarct. We believe that analysis of the Papez circuit tract using DTT is useful in elucidating the cause of provoked confabulation in patients with MCA infarct.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.297.1-297
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix on serum corticosterone and blood histamine content by immobilization stress in mice. Corticosterone secretion and blood histamine level was significantly increased in mice by subjecting the animals to immobilization stress 1 hr. after intraperitoneal injection of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract (150 mg/kg) and glycyrrhizinic and (15 mg/kg). whereas, administration of cortisol $(7.5\;{\mu}g/kg)$ provoked a decrease in corticosterone secretion and histamine levels. These results suggested that glycyrrhizinic acid was effective on cortiosterone release provoked by immobilization stress and this release was mediated in part by histamine.