• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Allergy is conditions when a hypersensitivity reaction happens with a certain element, called as an allergen, which is commonly not reactive to ordinary individuals. Allergic diseases involve various organs or systems in the body. The purpose of allergy tests is to make a diagnosis of allergic diseases and to identify the affecting allergens. In vivo tests, more relevant in clinical situation, include skin test, patch test and provocation test. In in vitro tests, there are specific IgE test, histamine releasing assay, and lymphocyte activation test, safer and more objective than in vivo tests. In the view point of clinical practice, skin test, provocation test, total IgE test and specific IgE test were reviewed in depth.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

Pain originating from the sacroiliac joint(SIJ) has been associated with poor performance, yet specific diagnosis of sacroiliac dysfunction(SID) has been difficult to achieve. Clinical presentation of SID appears that pain and poor performance is responsive to local analgesia of periarticular structures with poorly defined pathology, and poor performance with bony pathological changes present as a result of chronic instability. Previous research indicates that physical examination cannot diagnose SIJ pathology. Earlier studies have not reported sensitivities and specificities of composites of provocation tests known to have acceptable inter-examiner reliability. Tests based on mechanics as manual provocation for SIJ pain have formed the basis of tests used to diagnose SIJ dysfunction. In this review summary, the purpose of this study was to describe the sacroiliac tests with a model of examination, diagnosis, and management of SID. Further research is warranted to determine whether SIJ tests is reliable means of evaluating innominate impairments.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.26.1-26.13
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• 2022

It is important to assess the blood flow of fingers in the verification of hand-arm vibration syndrome. In the Republic of Korea, most assessments of the blood flow in the fingers are performed using a cold provocation test with finger skin color change. However, this test is a non-objective method with a relatively low sensitivity, leading to possible social and legal problems. Thus, we reviewed the characteristics of several tests that assess the blood flow in the fingers. Among these tests, using the radioactive isotope method, Raynaud's scan has a relatively higher sensitivity and specificity than other tests, provides objective results, and is approachable in many hospitals. So we suggest using Raynaud's scan as an alternative test when cold provocation test with finger skin color change is negative in vibration exposed worker.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2011

Purpose: There are very few reports of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and almost no study of drug provocation test (DPT) in Korean children. We aimed to assess the role of DPT in children with unpredictable ADRs, and compare the causative drugs and clinical characteristics between detailed history of ADRs and result of DPTs. Methods: We included 16 children who were experienced ADRs referred to pediatric allergy clinic at Ajou University Hospital (January 2006 to December 2009). With various suspected drugs, 71 DPTs were done in 16 patients using our own protocol, and skin tests to antibiotics were combined in ADRs to antibiotics in medical history. Results: There were 17 (23.9%) positive DPTs results out of 71 individual DPTs, and 11 patients (68.8%) from 16 patients were positive to at least one drug. Drugs causing positive reactions were acetaminophen in 5 (31%), Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 4 (25%), penicillin in 3 (19%), cephalosporin in 2 (13%), and cotrimoxazole, macrolide and lactose in 1 each. Conclusion: DPT seems a safe and useful procedure to confirm causative drug and identify safely administering alternative drugs in children with ADR.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2019

Although rare, antihistamines can cause adverse effects, including drug-induced eruptions or anaphylaxis. A 4-year-old child visited the pediatric department of a hospital for skin eruptions after administration of antihistamines, (e.g., ucerax [hydroxyzine] or leptizine [levocetirizine]), for cholinergic rashes; he did not have pruritus. Skin prick, intradermal, and drug provocation tests were performed to determine the relationship between the antihistamines and eruptions. Levocetirizine induced wheals in the skin prick test and a rash in the oral drug provocation test. In contrast, ketotifen induced no reaction in the skin prick test but showed a positive reaction in the oral provocation test. Our case report highlights that children can experience the same types of adverse reactions as seen in adults, and cross-reactivity between various antihistamines can occur.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제16권3_2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

북한은 최근 4차 핵실험과 대륙간탄도미사일 발사 실험을 실시하며, 한반도와 국제사회를 대상으로 핵 도발을 감행하였다. 북한에서 진행 중인 핵과 미사일 실험은 핵전력의 기술적 수준에 있어서 표준화, 경량화, 다종화의 완성단계에 도달하였다고 판단된다. 이에 북한은 한반도와 국제사회를 대상으로 조만간 핵도발이 현실이 될 것이라는 예상된다. 핵폭탄은 그 엄청난 파괴력으로 인하여 상대방의 제1격을 허용한 다음에 반격을 하겠다는 논리가 적용될 수 없는 절대무기이다. 따라서 핵을 보유하게 된 북한을 상대로 하는 우리는 최소한의 생존권을 보장하기 위해서 '선제적 자위권' 행사는 선택이 아닌 필수적인 대응개념일 수밖에 없다. 조만간 북한의 핵도발이 예상되는 현시점에서 선제타격 시행에 대한 국민적 공감대를 형성하여 도발의 원점지역을 타격할 있는 역량을 구비해야 한다. 또한 향후 예상되는 북한의 5차 핵실험에 대비하여 '핵무장 선택권' 확보할 수 있도록 국가적 역량을 결집해야 한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this clinical case report is to confirm sacroiliac joint misalignment effects on the gait. Methods: A healthy women volunteered to participate in this case report. Measurement of the subject was performed two categories. One is physical examination of the pelvic by inspection, palpation, movement based tests and pain provocation tests. The other one is gait performance measurement by 3 dimentional motion analysis. Results: Diagnosis by physical examination of the subject was Lt. ilium posterior rotation. Pelvic, hip, knee and ankle in the 3 dimensional kinematic data, the most notable result was the ankle. Conclusion: To confirm the effect of the misalignment of the sacroiliac joint on the gait function, it must be evaluated by integrating the movement to the ankle from the lumbar.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of two physical examinations (straight leg raise [SLR] and Bragard test) and electromyography (EMG) in patients with lumbosacral monoradiculopathy in acute and chronic state on confirmation of different diagnostic criteria (MRI vs MRI and diagnostic selective nerve root block [DSNRB]). Method: We identified 297 participants retrospectively from the departmental database. MRI evidence of L5 or S1 nerve root compression and a positive result in diagnostic SNRB served as reference standards. They were divided into two groups by the symptom duration: lasting more than 12 weeks in the chronic group and less than 12 weeks in the acute group. The diagnostic value of clinical tests and EMG were compared. Results: The clinical tests (SLR and Bragard test) done in acute stage on detection by MRI and DSNRB had the highest sensitivity (68%) compared to the chronic stage (63%), but sensitivity was low (57%) on confirmation of MRI alone. However, there was no significant difference on sensitivity and specificity of EMG regardless of reference standards and symptom duration. Electromyography was a significant predictor of neuropathic abnormalities on both acute (OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.4 to 16.7; p<0.01) and chronic (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 2.9 to 16.3; p<0.01). Conclusion: In general, individual physical tests are easy to do and a combination of those tests could be a sensitive indicator of L5 or S1 radiculopathy. Furthermore, the use of provocation tests could provide useful information, especially in proceeding therapeutic selective nerve root block.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2003

목 적 : 본 연구는 저신장 소아 중 성장호르몬 약물자극검사에서는 정상반응을 나타낸 특발성 저신장 소아들을 대상으로 야간의 수면 양상과 성장호르몬 분비가 정상 신장의 아동과 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 성장호르몬 약물자극검사에서 정상반응을 보인 신장이 3 백분위수 이하인 특발성 저신장 아동 12명과 정상 신장 아동 9명을 대상으로 30분 간격으로 야간수면 동안의 자발적 성장호르몬 분비를 측정하고 동시에 polysomnography로 수면양상을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 야간 수면 중 분비된 성장호르몬의 평균농도는 저신장 아동군이 정상 아동군에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며($2.8{\pm}0.2 ng/mL$ vs $4.7{\pm}0.6 ng/mL$), 특히 수면개시 후 서파 수면과 동반되는 성장호르몬 최대 분비치가 저신장 아동군이 낮았다. 2) 수면 중 성장호르몬 농도가 5 ng/mL 이상인 성장호르몬 분비 최대치의 횟수는 각각 $4.1{\pm}0.5$회, $5.8{\pm}0.6$회로 저신장군이 유의하게 적었다. 3) 전체 수면 시간에 대한 서파 수면 시간의 백분율도 저신장 아동군이 정상 아동군에 비해 감소되어 있었다($16.4{\pm}1.3%$ vs $20.8{\pm}1.2%$). 결 론 : 야간 수면 동안의 자발적인 성장호르몬 분비 검사가 약물자극검사에서 정상반응을 보이는 특발성 저신장 아동의 추가적인 진단에 도움을 줄 수 있으며 이들 저신장 아동에서 보이는 야간 성장호르몬 분비 감소는 수면구조의 차이와 일부 관련이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

Epicondylitis, as a tendinopathy characterized by fibroblast and microvascular hyperplasia, is a common musculoskeletal problem especially related with repetitive hand and wrist motion. It has a prevalence of between 0.2% and 5% in general population depending on the amount of exposure to manual labor jobs. Although it is known that the pathological lesions lie in the flexor or extensor common tendons, there could be collateral ligament lesions and/or reactive synovitis accompanied, which may make a case unresponsive to the treatment aimed only at the tendinopathy. Epicondylitis is easy to diagnose with typical pain, tenderness, and positive provocation tests. However, many conditions can mimic epicondylitis that further imaging or electrodiagnostic studies should be undertaken to exclude other possible problems. Ultrasonography provides information about the existence and extent of tendinopathy with relatively high specificity. Magnetic resonance imaging is often required to rule out other problems and confirm the diagnosis of the cases intractable to long term treatment. Many options of treatment are available for epicondylitis while numerous conflicting evidences have been noted, debating one treatment method is better than the others. Since it was reported that over 80% of epicondylitis improved within a year no matter what was done as treatment, it is a challenge to make accurate diagnosis and combine effective therapeutic regimens for the 20% of intractable cases.