• Genes and Genomics
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1169-1180
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• 2018

Cave shrimps from the genera Typhlatya, Stygiocaris and Typhlopatsa (TST complex) comprises twenty cave-adapted taxa, which mainly occur in the anchialine environment. Anchialine habitats may undergo drastic environmental fluctuations, including spatial and temporal changes in salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen content. Previous studies of crustaceans from anchialine caves suggest that they have possessed morphological, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to cope with the extreme conditions, similar to other cave-dwelling crustaceans. However, the genetic basis has not been thoroughly explored in crustaceans from anchialine habitats, which can experience hypoxic regimes. To test whether the TST shrimp-complex hypoxia adaptations matched adaptive evolution of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes. The 13 OXPHOS genes from mitochondrial genomes of 98 shrimps and 1 outgroup were examined. For each of these genes was investigated and compared to orthologous sequences using both gene (i.e. branch-site and Datamonkey) and protein (i.e. TreeSAAP) level approaches. Positive selection was detected in 11 of the 13 candidate genes, and the radical amino acid changes sites scattered throughout the entire TST complex phylogeny. Additionally, a series of parallel/convergent amino acid substitutions were identified in mitochondrial OXPHOS genes of TST complex shrimps, which reflect functional convergence or similar genetic mechanisms of cave adaptation. The extensive occurrence of positive selection is suggestive of their essential role in adaptation to hypoxic anchialine environment, and further implying that TST complex shrimps might have acquired a finely capacity for energy metabolism. These results provided some new insights into the genetic basis of anchialine hypoxia adaptation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1123-1133
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• 2021

Objective: Shandong indigenous pig breeds are important Chinese pig resources. Their progressive population decline in recent decades has attracted attention towards their conservation. Conservation genetics of these indigenous breeds are essential for developing a conservation and utilization scheme. Methods: A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (HD-SNP) chip-based comparative analysis of genetic characteristics was performed for seven Shandong indigenous pig breeds in the context of five Western commercial breeds. Results: The results showed that Shandong indigenous pig breeds varied greatly in genetic diversity, effective population size, inbreeding level, and genetic distance with the Western commercial breeds. Specifically, Laiwu and Dapulian displayed low genetic diversity, and had a genetically distant relationship with the Western commercial breeds (average F statistics [F_ST] value of 0.3226 and 0.2666, respectively). Contrastingly, the other five breeds (Yantai, Licha, Yimeng, Wulain, and Heigai) displayed high genetic diversity within breed and had some extent of mixture pattern with the Western commercial breeds, especially Duroc and Landrace (F_ST values from 0.1043 to 0.2536). Furthermore, intensive gene flow was discovered among the seven Shandong indigenous breeds, particularly Wulian, Licha, and Heigai, as indicated by the large cluster formed in the principal component analysis scatterplot and small population differentiation (average of 0.1253) among them. Conclusion: Our study advances the understanding of genetic characteristics of Shandong indigenous breeds and provides essential information for developing an appropriate conservation and utilization scheme for these breeds.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5619-5625
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• 2012

Gastric carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in the world and multi-drug resistance (MDR) is an essential aspect of gastric carcinoma chemotherapy failure. Recent studies have shown that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is involved in metastasis of human tumors, expression silencing of ILK inhibiting the metastasis of several types of cultured human cancer cells. However, the role and potential mechanism of ILK to reverse the multi-drug resistance in human gastric carcinoma is not fully clear. In this report, we focused on roles of expression silencing of ILK in multi-drug resistance reversal of human gastric carcinoma SGC7901/DDP cells, including increased drug sensitivity to cisplatin, cell apoptosis rates, and intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine-123, and decreased mRNA and protein expression of multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1), multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), glutathione S-transferase -${\pi}$ (GST-${\pi}$) and RhoE, and transcriptional activation of AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ in ILK silenced SGC7901/DDP cells. We also found that there was a decreased level of p-Akt and p-ERK. The results indicated that ILK might be used as a potential therapeutic strategy to combat multi-drug resistance through blocking PI3K-Akt and MAPK-ERK pathways in human gastric carcinoma.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2019

Introduction: To prevent and manage the societal and economic burden of occupational diseases (ODs), countries should develop strong prevention policies, health surveillance and registry systems. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of OD surveillance at national level as well as to identify priority actions in Turkey. Methods: The history and current status of occupational health studies were considered from the perspective of OD surveillance. Interpretative research was done through literature review on occupational health at national, regional and international level. Analyses were focused on countries' experiences in policy development and practice, roles and responsibilities of institutions, multidisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration. OD surveillance models of Turkey, Belgium and the Netherlands were examined through exchange visits. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the peculiarities of legislative and institutional structures, the best and worst practices, and approach principles. Results: Some countries are more focused on exploring OD trends through effective and cost-efficient researches, with particular attention to new and emerging ODs. Other countries try to reach every single case of OD for compensation and rehabilitation. Each practice has advantages and shortcomings, but they are not mutually exclusive, and thus an effective combination is possible. Conclusion: Effective surveillance and registry approaches play a key role in the prevention of ODs. A well-designed system enables monitoring and assessment of OD prevalence and trends, and adoption of preventive measures while improving the effectiveness of redressing and compensation. A robust surveillance does not only provide protection of workers' health but also advances prevention of economic losses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.546-550
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• 1993

Three basic experiments in agricultural machinery management , strengthening the construction of socialized service system, facilitating the two-level management system in rural areas and carrying through the principle of " paid service ' are described and the main methods of strengthening agricultural machinery management are developed in this paper.aper.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.513-531
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• 2018

This study compared forest vegetation in Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Park (Deogsan, Chilgabsan, and Daedunsan) from 2006 to 2016. The results of the analysis on the vegetation of the research sites by the phytosociological method showed that the Deogsan Provincial Park had Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. variabilis community, and Zelkova serrata community. Chilgabsan Provincial Park had Q. variabilis community, Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, and Carpinus laxiflora community. Daedunsan Provincial Park had Q. mongolica community, Q. variabilis community, Q. serrata community, C. tschonoskii community, C. laxiflora community, P. densiflora community, and Q. acutissima community. The importance value in each Provincial Parks was analyzed as follows. The importance value of Q. mongolica(72.35) was the highest in Deogsan Provincial Park, and followed by P. densiflora(70.25), Q. variabilis(53.11), Styrax japonicus(11.44), Prunus sargentii(11.17), and Fraxinus rhynchophylla(10.41). Q. variabilis(73.34) was the highest in Chilgabsan Provincial Park and followed by, P. densiflora(58.71), Q. mongolica(57.02), C. laxiflora(18.84), Q. serrata(13.48), and Prunus sargentii(13.31). The importance value of Q. mongolica(57.03) was the highest in Daedunsan Provincial Park and followed by Q. variabilis(31.98), Q. serrata(31.53), P. densiflora(16.80), C. tschonoskii(16.50), C. laxiflora(16.07), S. obassia(15.76), and Acer pseudosieboldianum(10.09). The results of DBH analysis of the major species having the high importance value showed the normal density distirbution of Q. mongolica, and Q. variabilis in Deogsan Provincial Park, so the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica, and P. densiflora in Chilgabsan Provincial Park showed the normal density distribution showed the density of normal distribution, so the dominance status of these species is likely to continue. However, the dominance status of C. laxiflora, and Q. serrata is likely to be expanded in the future due to the high density of young individuals. Q. mongolica, and Q. variabilis in Daedunsan Provincial Park showed the density of reverse J-shaped curve, so the dominance status of these species is likely to continue, and C. tschonoskii, and P. densiflora had a formality distribution, suggesting continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. Additionally the dominance status of C. laxiflora, and Q. serrata is considered to be expanded in the future due to the high density level of young individuals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1983

This experiment was conducted to study about influenced inorganic element contents of flag leaf and chaff with different nitrogen and silicate application in Jinan (sea level 303m). The recommended rate of fertilizer application above N 15kg/10a was poor for dry production increment in cold in July elevation and was demanded increment of silicate. In the elevation of cold in July high rates of nitrogen application produced more incomplete grain and a reduced cold tolerance. These effects were due to over-content of soluble nitrogen within flag leaf and disturbance of uptaking potassium and silicate. On the other hand, the application of silicate could increase yield by promoting resistance to cold- damage. The application of increasing level of nitrogen resulted in increasing the contents of total nitrogen and phosphate in both sterile and fertile glumes. The contents of potassium and calcium were the highest at the level of nitrogen 10 - 15kg/10a, but magnessium was rather high at low nitrogen levels. It is interesting that at any level of nitrogen, over 6% higher silicate contents were noted in the fertile chaff than in the sterile chaff. Application of increasing level of silicate fertilizer decreased total nitrogen contents, but increased the contents of phosphate, potassium. and silicate in the chaff. Increasing rate of silicate content by increasing silicate addition was remarkably higher in the fertile chaff than in the sterile chaff.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of paclobutrazol (PB) and prohexadione-Ca (PC) on seed yield, and the content of oils and endogenous gibberellin in flax grown in a greenhouse. Flax seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse with average ambient temperature ranging from $35^{\circ}C$ to $38^{\circ}C$ during the growing period, and then PB and PC were applied on the leaves. The height of flax plants was reduced significantly by the foliar application of PB and PC. The highest ripening seed rate recorded was 94.5% with 2000 ppm PC; a 10.3% increase compared with that of the control. Both PB and PC markedly increased the fructification of flax seed. The application of two plant growth retardants resulted in higher seed production in flax seedlings grown in open field than in those grown in a greenhouse. The highest oil content was observed in flax treated with PC, whereas, the lowest oil content was observed in flax treated with PB. The oil content and ratio of unsaturated fatty acids were higher in flax seedlings grown in greenhouse than in those grown in open field. The level of two endogenous bioactive gibberellins ($GA_1$ and $GA_4$) in flax seeds decreased with the application of PB and PC. The flax plants treated with PB and PC presented higher secoisolariciresinol diglucoside content than that of the control. The optimal concentration of PC was found to be 2000 ppm. In conclusion, the foliar application of 2000 ppm PC might be useful in increasing oil content and seed production in flax plants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3471-3476
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• 2012

Background and Objective: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a promising class of potential anticancer agents for treatment of human malignancies. In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), one such HDAC inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel (TXT), a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent or erlotinib, a novel molecular target therapy drug, on lung cancer A549 cells. Methods: A549 cells were treated with TXT, erlotinib alone or in combination with TSA, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution were evaluated using MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Hochst33258 staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were employed to examine alterations of ${\alpha}$-tubulin, heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and caspase-3 in response to the different exogenous stimuli. Results: Compared with single-agent treatment, co-treatment of A549 cells with TSA/TXT or TSA/erlotinib synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused cell cycle delay at the $G_2/M$ transition. Treatment with TSA/TXT or TSA/erlotinib led to a significant increase of cleaved caspase-3 expression, also resulting in elevated acetylation of ${\alpha}$-tubulin or hsp90 and decreased expression of EGFR, which was negatively associated with the level of acetylated hsp90. Conclusions: Synergistic anti-tumor effects are observed between TXT or erlotinib and TSA on lung cancer cells. Such combinations may provide a more effective strategy for treating human lung cancer.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2006

These studies were carried out to investigate the quality of green tea processed by different pan-firing hand rolling and to select the best conditions during the procedure of green tea processing the results were as follows. At harvestion tea plant leaf, tea plants had 4 leaves. each leaf size was 7.5 cm'$\square$2.6 cm, and weight of 100 buds 46.6 g. The increase of pan-fired time decreased in the moisture content and yield of green tea. After processing green tea, 5 times pan-fired one had much more contents of total nitrogen (T-N:5.31%), caffeine (2.00%) and total amino acid (T.A.A. : 3,046 mg%) and less content of tannin (13.41%) than the other treatments. but 3 times pan-fired one had the highest contents of vitamin C (204.3 mg%) and chlorophyll (365.0 mg%) among three kinds pan-firing method. Sixteen kinds of free amino acid including theanine as a good taste component of pan-fired green tea were isolated and measured by HPLC. Free amino acid (FAA) contents were in the range of $2,683{\sim}2,925$ mg% and among various pan-firing methods, 5 tims pan-fired one had the highest content of F.A.A. Among these free amino acids, theanine occupied as much as $56.4{\sim}61.3%$ of F.A.A. Lightness, yellowness and redness of 5 times pan-fired green tea were middle value among three different treatments. Besides, it gained the highest score of sensory evaluation among them. These above results suggested that 5 times pan-fired green tea was considered to be the best level as pan-firing times of green tea processing.