• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10683-10690
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• 2015

The big gap between efficacy of population level prevention and expectations due to heterogeneity and complexity of cancer etiologic factors calls for selective yet personalized interventions based on effective risk assessment. This paper documents our research protocol aimed at refining and validating a two-stage and web-based cancer risk assessment tool, from a tentative one in use by an ongoing project, capable of identifying individuals at elevated risk for one or more types of the 80% leading cancers in rural China with adequate sensitivity and specificity and featuring low cost, easy application and cultural and technical sensitivity for farmers and village doctors. The protocol adopted a modified population-based case control design using 72, 000 non-patients as controls, 2, 200 cancer patients as cases, and another 600 patients as cases for external validation. Factors taken into account comprised 8 domains including diet and nutrition, risk behaviors, family history, precancerous diseases, related medical procedures, exposure to environment hazards, mood and feelings, physical activities and anthropologic and biologic factors. Modeling stresses explored various methodologies like empirical analysis, logistic regression, neuro-network analysis, decision theory and both internal and external validation using concordance statistics, predictive values, etc..

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

This study was conducted in order to recommend forest-based wildlife protection areas in Chung-nam Province using several basic habitat conditions. The conditions used in this study were the forest patch size with the potential to keep wildlife animals safe, the distance from water sources, and the availability of food for wildlife. The fractal dimension index was also used to find the edge line dynamics, which can influence on habitat conditions for edge species. The natural conservation management indices including a forest map (indicating the level of forest age), a slope map, and an elevation map were used to find the forest patches with enough space for wildlife to live on. Water resources and their buffer areas were considered as factors to protect the space as an ecological corridor. Deciduous trees and trees mixed with deciduous trees and conifers were chosen to provide wildlife animals their food. In total, 525 forest patches were chosen and recommended for the wildlife protection area. Five of these forest patches were recommended as wildlife protection areas managed by the provincial government. The other 520 forest patches were recommended to protect local wildlife animals and be managed by each county or city. These forest patches were located around the Geum-buk and Geum-nam mountains, and the forest patches are important resources as habitats to keep wildlife in the area. An ecological network consists of these separate forest patches with the ecological integration. A fractal dimension index was used to divide forest patches into several categories in order to find how patches are shaped. The forest patches with longer edges or more irregular shapes have a much higher possibility of being inhabited by various types of edge species. Through comparison of the wildlife protection areas recommended in this study to the current wildlife protection areas, we recognized that the current wildlife protection areas need boundary adjustments in order for wildlife animals to survive by themselves with water sources and food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1357-1361
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• 2005

This study investigated the effect of porphyran drink extracted from Porphyra yezoensis on serum and liver cholesterol contents in hypercholesterolemic rats. We divided rats into 5 diet groups; normal diet, control diet fed high cholesterol diet, $1\%$ porphyran drink diet with control diet $(1\%\;PD),\;2\%$ porphyran drink diet with control diet $(2\%\;PD),\;3\%$ porphyran drink diet with control diet ($3\%$ PD). Food intake was not significantly different among groups, but weight gain was significantly lower in porphyran drink group $(1\%,\;3\%)$ than control group. Liter weight was significantly lower in $3\%$ porphyran drink group than control group. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were significantly lower in porphyran drink group than control group. Serum HDL-cholesterol contents was elevated as porphyran drink intake level increased. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in porphyran drink group compared to control diet. These results suggested that addition of porphyran drink in hypercholesterolemic rats has an effect on the improvement of serum and liver cholesterol.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2006

While the global food system prevails in America, the community food system is also spreading rapidly. The former, which is based on industrial agriculture, has negative impacts on family farms, food safety, and community development. In contrast, the latter has positive effects on farmers, consumers, communities, and the environment. Community food systems have been able to grow successfully through the participation of farmers and consumers, support of the federal and state governments, and the initiatives of NGOs. Food Circle, upon which this study focuses, is one of the community food systems based on the regional level. It is the outcome of the green movement in Kansas City, Missouri. The goal of Food Circle in Missouri is to retain and support rural family farms by connecting them with regional consumers. Its main activity is to collect data, including a directory of farmers and their regional products, and distribute this data to regional consumers. It is informally organized and entirely self funded. Although community food systems have several problems, their development is to continue in America. The food system in Korea has become a global one in recent decades, and agricultural problems and food safety issues are being generated as a result. The development of community food systems would be helpful in resolving these problems. In order to activate community food systems in Korea as seen in America's case, it would be necessary to have the imperative participation of both farmers and consumers, the support of the central and provincial governments, and the initiatives of NGOs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.192-201
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• 2005

The Korean government had introduced the industrial safety & hygiene consultant(ISHC) system to improve worksite health and safety level by providing specialized industrial safety & hygiene(S&H) services in 1996. Despite of initial hopeful expectation it has been said that this plan might fail to settled down and maintain its purpose. This study was designed to investigate operational issues and problems concerning the ISHC system, that would direct the way of change and future role. Questionnaire were sent to ISHC, professional engineer, agencies for occupational injury prevention, S&H specialist in the corporation nationwide and totally 256 people responded to in having 62.7% of response rate. The result of this study were as follows; 1. One hundred and forty two cases of safety assessment and 27 cases of process safety reports were the six years' results since 1996 the ISHC program had first been introduced. This results showed that injury prevention activities of ISHC had been stagnant. 2. The 78.8% of respondents had negative opinion about injury prevention activities of ISHC program. 3. The operational problems of ISHC were lack of understanding of company about ISHC, low systematization of work items, duty overlapping with agencies for occupational injury prevention, low support by government. in order. 4. It was suggested that abolition of ISHC and promotion of professional engineer system should be considered. 5. To promote professional engineer system it was suggested that the professional engineer could conduct consulting service and ISHC should be integrated with the expert system.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2016

Pilotis are support columns that lift a building above the ground. Thus, they can elevate the lowest floor to the secondfloor level and, in Korea, are used to leav a parking area below multifamily housing. However, if there is a fire in the piloti area, the cars and main entrance door are wrapped in flames. Due to the inflammability of the materials, the combustion of the cars and insulation at the ceiling of the pilotis, having a high heat release rate, can quickly destroy the front entrance of the building and spread heat, flames and a poisonous gas to the stairs and elevator pit. Therefore, the fire can quickly spread to the whole building, putting the lives of the residents in danger. This study was an in-depth accidental case study of the "Uijeongbu Fire Accident" that killed 5 residents and injured 139 others. The study identified the relationships between the fire at the piloti structure of multifamily housing and the vulnerability of this structure and its inherent weaknesses.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.565-571
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate an optimum condition for the high angiotensin-l converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the yield on enzyme concentration, casein concentration, and hydrolysis time. The optimum condition was performed by response surface methodology for acquirement of casein hydrolysate of milk which shows high ACE inhibitory activity, Among 8 tested enzymes, Protamex showed the highest activation degree with 77.03 unit/g from casein. Their hydrolysis degrees of flovourzyme 500MG, protamex, mixture from 1% casein were 85.5, 88.5, and 93.5%, respectively. The ranges of enzyme concentration (0.25-1.25%), casein concentration (2.5-12.5%), and hydrolysis time (20-100 min) as 3 independent variables through preliminary experiments of the yield of casein hydrolysate and ACE inhibitory activity, and it shows optimum response surface at a saddle point. It shows enzyme concentration (0.64%), casein concentration (8.38%), and hydrolysis time (55.81 min) in the yield aspect and showed the highest activity at enzyme concentration (0.86%), casein concentration (5.97%), and hydrolysis time (63.86 min) in ACE inhibitory aspect. The $R^2$ value of a fitted optimum formula on the hydrolysis yield was 0.9751 as the significant level of 1%. The $R^2$ value of a fitted optimum formula on ACE inhibitory activity is 0.8398, and the significance is recognized in the range of 5%.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.252-257
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• 2018

It is noted that Dioscorea quinqueloba is a medicinal herb that is widely used to treat cardiovascular disease and is assessed as useful to treat other various medical conditions. The immunopotentiating effects of the protein extract (DQP-1) from Dioscorea quinqueloba were thus formally investigated in vivo under incident of cold stress. In this case study, the spleen and thymus weight in mice was shown to have decreased after a measured exposure to cold stress, while the adrenal gland weight in the mice was shown to have increased. The systematic oral administration of DQP-1 significantly recovered the weight loss of the spleen and suppressed the adrenal gland hypertrophy during the association with cold stress. Additionally, the DQP-1 also restored the ascorbic acid level in the adrenal gland reduced after cold stress. The cold stress exposure lowered the percentage of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells in the mouse thymus as determined by the flow cytometric analysis, as well as the levels of some serum immunological cytokines(interleukin-2, interleukin-12, and interferon-${\gamma}$) in the studied mice. The resulting identified weakened immunity caused by cold stress was also recovered by a treatment with DQP-1. The DQP-1 significantly suppressed the formation of serum enzymes of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, which were systematically elevated during the cold stress episode. These results indicate that DQP-1 can improve immunity in mice that are characteristically weakened under stress.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2005

A limited number of studies have been conducted on the bioactivity of Callophyllis japonica (C. japonica), which is a red seaweed that is traditional in the oriental diet. In this report, the hepatoprotective effect of C. japonica was studied in a carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity model in rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of 1.25 ml/kg of 20% $CCl_4$ in olive oil produced an elevated level of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and increased enzyme activity of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Pre-treatment with C. japonica (150 mg/kg/d) for 3 days in $CCl_4-injected$ rats reduced the levels of SGPT and SGOT compared with control levels (P < 0.05), while higher doses (300 and 600 mg/kg) were ineffective. The administration of C. japonica (150 mg/kg/d) for 3 days after the $CCl_4$ injection in rats was ineffective at reducing SGPT and SGOT. The histopathological findings in each group largely agreed with the biochemical data. The results of this study support the suggestion that C. japonica has a hepatoprotective effect on chemical-induced liver injury.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.761-767
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• 2015

A survey was conducted to investigate the association between smart phone use and smart phone addiction in 515 dental hygiene college students. Statistical analyses were conducted using the PASW 18.0 program for Windows. Statistical significance was accepted when p<0.05. The association level was confirmed high in the cases of wide network of friends, and in the provincial areas. The independent parameters that negatively affected smart phone addiction were the wide network of friends, long duration of smart phone use, study attitude, and poor adaptability to campus life.