• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Identification and characterization of endophytic yeasts inhabiting the roots of Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. and Quercus salicina Blume require biotechnological and culture-based techniques. METHODS AND RESULTS: Homogenized U. parvifolia and Q. salicina root samples were spread onto four types of agar medium containing ancgtibiotics, L-sorbose, and Triton X-100. In total, 25 yeast strains were isolated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on their internal transcribed spacer region sequences. The results revealed that the yeast genera Cyberlindnera (12 isolates) and Cryptococcus (1 isolate) were associated with roots of U. parvifolia; and the genera Rhodotorula (8 isolates), Trichosporon (3 isolates), and Kluyveromyces (1 isolate) were associated with roots of Q. salicina. Additionally, a Kluyveromyces isolate produced a detectable level of bioethanol. The yeast strains reported herein may be used in industrial production of biosurfactants and bioethanol. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that the endophytic yeast genera Cyberlindnera and Cryptococcus predominated in roots of U. parvifolia; and the genera Rhodotorula (8 isolates), Trichosporon (3 isolates), and Kluyveromyces (1 isolate) predominated in roots of Q. salicina. Additionally, Kluyveromyces isolates produced a detectable level of bioethanol.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.63-78
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine how emergency medical technicians(EMT) are affected by job stress, musculoskeletal symptoms(MSSs) and depression. Methods : Data were collected from EMTs at emergency medical institutions and fire stations (n=257). With a questionnaire, the association of job stress and MSSs and depression were examined in this study. Results : When examining job stress by place of work, the level of stress in field situations was significantly higher in EMTs at fire stations than in EMTs at emergency medical institutions. The MSSs of EMTs at emergency medical institutions were significantly higher compared to EMTs at fire stations, For depression, the score was 14.09 out of 60, and MSSs were significantly more common in women. Additionally, the level of job stress for 20-24 and over 35 year olds was significantly higher than that in the other age groups. Job stress had a positive correlation with MSSs and depression of EMTs, and MSSs were associated with depression. Conclusions : To improve the work environment of EMTs, attention should be paid to job stress, MSS, and depression and the presence of positive organizational support should be provided which can prevent negative effects.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2020

Economic Development Zone(EDZ) in the province is one of the foreign policy for economic development of North Korea. North Korea has promulgated 27 Economic Development Zones(5 EDZs as central level and 22 EDZs as provincial level) to promote economic growth through the expansion of external opening policy. EDZs of the provinces play an important role in North Korea's national and regional economic growth. The purpose of this study is to select analytical criteria that can be quantified when considering the location conditions of North Korean economic development zones when domestic companies advance into North Korea according to the progress of inter-Korean economic cooperation, and derive the relative importance between the criteria. After that, based on this, we intend to quantify the evaluation of the location priority of the economic development zone. In this study, through AHP analysis results, when domestic companies enter North Korea, we derive the importance and preference of location selection factors when considering the location conditions of North Korean economic development zones. Taking into account the reality of North Korea when the Korean company entered the North economic development zone following location for evaluation. That is, logistics and transportation, industrial infrastructure, competitiveness, and management incentives. And 14 sub-factors were selected and AHP analysis was performed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1030-1050
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• 2021

The edges with "bridge characteristic" play the role of connecting the communication between regions in power optical cable network. To solve the problem of mining edges with "bridge characteristic" in provincial power optical cable network, the complex power optical cable network model is constructed. Firstly, to measure the generated potential energy of all nodes in n-level neighborhood local structure for one edge, the n-level neighborhood local structure topological potential is designed. And the minimum connected chain attenuation is designed to measure the attenuation degree caused by substituted edges. On the basis of that, the minimum connected chain attenuation topological potential based measurement is designed. By using the designed measurement, a bridge-edges mining algorithm is proposed to mine edges with "bridge characteristic". The experiments are conducted on the physical topology of the power optical cable network in Jilin Province. Compared with that of other three typical methods, the network efficiency and connectivity of the proposed method are decreased by 3.58% and 28.79% on average respectively. And the proposed method can not only mine optical cable connection with typical "bridge characteristic" but also can mine optical cables without obvious characteristics of city or voltage, but it have "bridge characteristic" in the topology structure.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.344-354
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• 2022

Ombudsmanship is the framework to provide the speedy administrative justice to poor man which is originated in Sweden in the 19^th Century and the modus operandi with modernized arrangement of public grievance redressal. Pakistan has thirteen different Ombudsman Institutions at both Federal and Provincial level with limited public accessibility. This paper presents a collaboration framework for extending the outreach of Ombudsmanship at proverbial doorstep of complainants. This framework has three main components as collaborative arrangements, Proceedings and Resolution of the complaints that increased the public trust. A pilot project titles Swift Complaint Resolution (SCR) was constructed and executed by Federal Ombudsman Secretariat to materialize the concept of speedy redressal of complaints. The SCR project first affirmed the strength of the components of the framework. The concept of SCR was first presented in the Federal Advisory committee for Administrative Justice, which comprised of highest level of the Parliamentarians, Public Officials, NGOs and Civil Society where presented guidelines to be adopted for the free and speedy redressal of grievances at proverbial doorsteps in tehsils and district headquarters ultimately to the extended to the union councils. In SCR, the complaints were decided within 25 days even though the Law permitted 60 days that is itself a record in any judicial /quasi-judicial forum.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.183-190
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• 2005

This study was carried out to find out the possibility for developing methodologies on the index for forest sustainability and to assess sustainability indices of metropolitan and provincial districts based on conditions of their forest health and management programmes in Korea. To find out some indicators to be utilized in developing the forest sustainability indices, total 84 possible indicators were selected and combined from 69 major programmes contained in the 4th Forest Development Plan and the Forest Vision for 21st Century and other 15 indicators selected separately from other forest policies. Those candidate indicators were reviewed throughly under evaluation processes and 33 indicators were finally chosen in developing the forest sustainability indices. Those indicators were classified into 3 categories, namely indicators for pressure, state, and response. Forest health could be represented by pressure and state indicators, while forest management programmes could be assessed by response indicators. Scores of importance for each indicator were assigned through Delphi survey and analyzed to project the extra weight value by summing rankings given to each index an applied to the standardized value of each index. Forest sustainability indices of metropolitan and provincial districts were analyzed and compared, based on relevant data of the year 2002. This study was kind a preliminary one in forest sustainability index and the names of metropolitan and provincial districts were not identified in this study. The indices could be very valuable in assessing quantitatively the level of forest health and intensity of forest management programmes in each districts and comparisons could be made among them, if all self-governing districts agree unanimously on the indices of forest sustainability and relevant indicators chosen in the study.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.269-273
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• 2005

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of slow-release fertilizer on the yield and quality of the third-harvest tea leaves. The yield of the third harvested tea leaves was decreased to 5.8-14.4% in slow-release fertilizer block, except to the N $50kg\;10a^{-1}$ ($316kg\;10a^{-1}$), compared to traditional urea treatment ($313kg\;10a^{-1}$). Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen uptake efficiency of slow-release fertilizer was reduced as nitrogen application level increased. The contents of chemical components related to the tea quality such as total-nitrogen, total amino acid, chlorophyll and theanine were somewhat lower in the slow-release fertilizer treatments, except to the treatment of N $50kg\;10a^{-1}$, than those in the traditional urea application, but those of tannin, caffeine and vitamin C were not different among the treatments. In scoring test, apparence and quality of green tea of the slow-release fertility treatments were not different, except to the N $40kg\;10a^{-1}$ treatment, compared to those in the treatment of urea. In conclusion, slow-release fertilizer and conventional urea treatments showed not different in both yield and quality of green tea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1988

The present experiment was conducted to investigate causes affecting the reduction of red pepper production in the continuous cultivation upland soil from 1985 to 1986 in Imsil Chonbuk Province. The results obstained are summarized as follows: 1. Area ratio of continuous cultivation 2 years was 12.7%, 3 years 6.8% and over 4 years 48.9%. 2. Soil hardness and volume of solid and liguid of red pepper continuous cultivation soil were higher than those of one year cultivation, while pH and content of organic matter of continuous cultivation soil were low. The exceeding optimum level of phosphorus and potassium appeared factors affecting and reduction of red pepper of continuous cultivation soil. 3. Microflora density in continuous cultivation soil was high but bacteria/fungi (B/F) and actinomycetes/fungi (A/F) ratio were low. 4. The density of soil nematodes in continuous cultivation soil were higher than that in one year cultivation soil, however, the steeper and better drainage soil lowered the density of nematodes. 5. Continuous cultivation over 4 years showed 14.3% of plants diseased by phytophthora while 0.7% in one year cultivation soil.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.145-154
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• 2021

While welcoming the distributing of the powers of the Ministry of Education, which is currently being promoted, to the city and provincial offices of education, I am very concerned that this will expand and amplify the powers concentrated in one central institution to 17 local institutions closer to the field. Until now, the Ministry of Education and the Office of Education have served as co-cause providers as important reasons for hindering school education. The transfer of the authority of the Ministry of Education is highly likely to be deformed as soon as it results in the quantitative reduction of the functions and roles of the existing Ministry of Education and the quantitative expansion of the roles and functions of the city and provincial offices of education. In the reality that no legal device for school autonomy has been established, it is highly likely that emphasizing the principle of school autonomy in our educational climate, which is deeply rooted in the vertical bureaucratic administrative culture, will end with a simple measure or stop at the level of imitation. Therefore, a more stable device is needed to check the authority of the city and provincial office of education and the superintendent of education to take over the authority of the Ministry of Education. This is also a system that is still required even when school autonomy becomes legal. Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize the independent education committee, establish a local education committee in the city and province education office, and activate the resident participation system (resident proposal system, resident voting system, resident litigation system, resident audit request system).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 1985

This experiment was conducted to study effect of cold water damage on some growth characters related to source and sink at reproductive growth stage in Jinan (sea level 303m). The cold water irrigation duration had irrigated 4, 8 and 12 days at panicle formation stage and reproduction division stage compared to perennial water irrigation. Cold water irrigation shortened culm length and panicle length and degree of panicle exsertion. The shortening effect appeared great at lower internodes when treated at panicle formation stage but at higher internodes when treated at reduction division stage. Cold water irrigation decreased the number of secondary branches and spikelets per panicle, and increased the number of degenerated spikelets being high degeneration when treated at panicle formation stage. Spikelet sterility and impediment of grain filling were affected by duration of cold water irrigation being great when treated at spikelet primodium differentiation stage and reduction division stage in particular. Grain weight was also reduced. Significant relationship existed between spikelets sterility, grain filling and yield. The degeneration of secondary branches and spikelets correlated with leaf area but spikelet sterility and yield with culm length, panicle length and panicle exsertion.