• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.223-243
• /
• 1983

palaeomagnetism is a major implement to define tectonic provinces and to estimate their past relative position quantitatively. In this sort of investigation it is tacitly assumed that the magnetization of the rocks under study was acquired at the time of their formation. However, because of the possibility of secondary alteration and/or replacement of magnetic minerals, this assumption is not always legitimate. To secure reliable palaeomagnetic data it is therefore fundamental to identify the carrier mineral of magnetization. This paper reviews magnetic mineralogy relevant to palaeomagnetism of terrestrial rocks. Under the heading of each mineral its genesis, crystal structure, magnetic properties, criteria for ore microscopic determination and secondary alteration are summerized. This paper should also be helpful in application of magnetic mineralogy to geothermometry and oxygen barometry in igneous petrology, diagenesis and provenance study in sedimentary petrology, metamorphic temperature determination and genesis study of ore deposits.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2023

Climate and environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean due to global warming have been linked to extreme climate change in mid-latitude regions, including the Korean Peninsula, requiring a better understanding of the Arctic climate system based on the paleo-analog. This review introduces three paleoenvironmental research cases using neodymium isotopes (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ε_Nd) measured on two different fractions of marine sediments: silicate-bound 'detrital' and Fe-Mn oxide-dominated 'authigenic' fractions. In the first case, detrital ε_Nd in core HH17-1085-GC on the continental shelf off northern Svalbard was used for tracing changes in sediment provenance and associated glacier behavior over the last 16.3 ka. The second case showed the potential use of authigenic ε_Nd as a quasi-conservative water mass tracer. Three prominent ε_Nd peaks and troughs observed in core PS72/410-1 from the Mendeleev Ridge in the western Arctic Ocean over the past 76 ka suggested episodic meltwater discharge events during 51~46, 39~35 and 21~13 ka BP. The last case proposed the use of the difference between authigenic and detrital ε_Nd as a proxy for reconstructing glacier fluctuation. The idea is based on the assumption that enhanced glacial erosion during glacier advances can supply sufficient freshly-exposed rock substrate for incongruent weathering, potentially leading to greater isotopic decoupling between bedrock and dissolved weathering products as recorded in detrital and authigenic ε_Nd, respectively. Thus, it would be worthwhile to take advantage of sedimentary ε_Nd to improve our understanding of past environmental changes in polar regions.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.70-85
• /
• 2012

의성 탑리리 오층석탑의 구성암석은 유문암질 응회암이며 소량의 응회각력암과 대체석인 세립질 화강암이 혼용되었다. 석탑과 금성산의 유문암질 응회암은 암녹색 내지 녹회색의 유리질 기질에 K-장석과 석영의 반정, 압축 신장된 피아메, 소량의 암편 등으로 구성되어 있다. 이 암석들은 기재적 특징, 광물학적 및 지구화학적 특성에서 양자 간 유사성이 인정되어 서로 동일한 암석이다. 석탑은 균열, 박리박락 등과 같은 물리적 손상과 변색 및 생물학적 오염이 복합적으로 작용하여 훼손이 진행되고 있다. 특히, 석탑 전면에 걸쳐 흑색 및 갈색 변색이 나타나며, 4층 및 5층 옥개석의 하부에는 3~5겹의 층상 박리박락과 입상분해 등이 발달하여 심각한 상태이다. 석탑 구성석재의 물성은 금성산의 신선한 응회암을 기준(1등급)으로 했을 때 2등급에서 5등급까지 넓은 범위를 나타내고 있으나 대부분은 3등급과 4등급에 집중되고 있고, 평균 물성은 3등급으로 확인되었다. 전반적으로 암석의 물성은 남측면과 서측면이 낮았고, 서측면은 박리 및 균열, 입상분해 등에 의해 5등급의 점유율(10개, 11.9%)이 높게 나타났다. 현재 석탑의 일부 부재는 원형을 알아 볼 수 없을 정도로 훼손이 심각하여 정밀 훼손도 진단과 지속적인 모니터링, 보존처리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.