• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.33-33
• /
• 2006

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2013

Network Mobility (NEMO) handles mobility of multiple nodes in an aggregate manner as a mobile network. The standard NEMO suffers from a number of limitations, such as inefficient routing and increased handoff latency. Most previous studies attempting to solve such problems have imposed an extra signaling load and/or modified the functionalities of the main entities. In this paper, we propose a more secure and lightweight route optimization (RO) mechanism based on exploiting the firewall in performing the RO services on behalf of the correspondent nodes (CNs). The proposed mechanism provides secure communications by making an authorized decision about the mobile router (MR) home of address, MR care of address, and the complete mobile network prefixes underneath the MR. In addition, it reduces the total signaling required for NEMO handoffs, especially when the number of mobile network nodes and/or CNs is increased. Moreover, our proposed mechanism can be easily deployed without modifying the mobility protocol stack of CNs. A thorough analytical model and network simulator (Ns-2) are used for evaluating the performance of the proposed mechanism compared with NEMO basic support protocol and state-of-the-art RO schemes. Numerical and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed mechanism outperforms other RO schemes in terms of handoff latency and total signaling load on wired and wireless links.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2015

In this Paper, we proposed optimization of system performance, power splitting protocols applied to relay in the cooperative communication undergo co-channel interference. When relay adjust power distribution factors undergo co-channel interference, it is possible to optimize and maximize the channel capacity of the receiver. Because of energy haversting, interfence transfer to new power source. If finding the optimal power levels, to solve inability in system, and to increase the efficiency of the network. Finally, performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed in terms of outage probability, capacity of system.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2015

This paper presents a Cuckoo search algorithm to secure adversaries misdirecting multi-hop routing in Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) using a robust Trust Predicated Routing Framework with an optimized cluster head selection. The clustering technique designed in this framework leads to efficient routing in MANETs. The heavy work load in the node causes an energy drop in cluster head, which leads to re-clustering of the group, and another cluster head is selected to avoid packet loss during data transmission. The problem in the re-clustering process is that the overall efficiency of the routing process is reduced and the processing time is increased. A Cuckoo search based optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of re-clustering by selecting the secondary cluster head within the initially formed cluster group and eliminating the reclustering process. The proposed framework enables a node to select a reliable and secure route for MANET and the performance can be evaluated by comparing the simulated results with the AODV routing protocol, which shows that the performance of the proposed routing protocol are improved significantly.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.74-90
• /
• 2014

Routing in mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) is an extremely challenging issue due to the features of MWSNs. In this paper, we present a novel bio-inspired trusted routing protocol (B-iTRP) based on artificial immune system (AIS), ant colony optimization (ACO) and Physarum optimization (PO). For trust mechanism, B-iTRP monitors neighbors' behavior in real time and then assesses neighbors' trusts based on AIS. For routing strategy, each node proactively finds routes to the Sink based on ACO. When a backward ant is on the way to return source, it senses the energy residual and trust value of each node on the discovered route, and calculates the link trust and link energy of the route. Moreover, B-iTRP also assesses the availability of route based on PO to maintain the route table. Simulation results show how B-iTRP can achieve the effective performance compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.1035-1038
• /
• 2008

Network mobility (NEMO) has been studied extensively due to its potential applications in military and public transportation. NEMO Basic Support Protocol (NBSP) [1], the current NEMO standard based on mobile IPv6, can be readily deployed using the existing mobile IPv6 infrastructure. However, for Nested network mobility, multi-level tunnel and too many Binding Update packets results in substantial performance overhead, generally known as route sub-optimality, especially in the bottleneck root mobile router (root-MR) and Access Router. In this paper, we propose a route optimization mechanism for nested network mobility management to reduce the overhead of root-MR. In this system, Mobile Router (MR) has a cache that stores Mobile Network Nodes' (MNN) information, Correspondent Nodes' (CN) information for every MNN，and the attachments information with its subnet MRs. Home Agent performs Binding Update with CNs responsible for MRs. Through this mechanism, the number of tunnel is limited between CN and MR and the overhead of root-MR is reduced obviously.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• summer
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 2004

Mobile IP [9] was introduced to help the mobile user to be contacted with a single IP address even though the point-of-access changes. However, mobile IP creates the so-called 'triangle routing' which makes the delays for data packets longer, as well as creating unnecessary traffic at the home network of the mobile user. To overcome this, Route Optimization (RO) for mobile IP [1] was proposed, which eliminated the triangle routing phenomenon. But [l] requires that the network protocol stack of all existing hosts to change. Privacy is also another matter to be considered. This paper introduces a scheme called Peer Agent scheme to implement RO for mobile IP without requiring existing hosts to change. Method to preserve location privacy while still enabling RO is also considered.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2005

Lactic acid production parameter optimization using Lactobacillus amylovorus NRRL B-4542 was performed using the design of experiments (DOE) available in the form of an orthogonal array and a software for automatic design and analysis of the experiments, both based on Taguchi protocol. Optimal levels of physical parameters and key media components namely temperature, pH, inoculum size, moisture, yeast extract, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$, Tween 80, and corn steep liquor (CSL) were determined. Among the physical parameters, temperature contributed higher influence, and among media components, yeast extract, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$, and Tween 80 played important roles in the conversion of starch to lactic acid. The expected yield of lactic acid under these optimal conditions was 95.80% and the actual yield at optimum conditions was 93.50%.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.93-97
• /
• 2015

In this Paper, we proposed optimization of system performance, optimal splitting factor applied to power splitting protocol with relay in the cooperative communication undergo co-channel interference. We can possible to optimize and maximize the channel capacity of the receiver through optimal factor of splitting protocol. So, we can solve inability in system, and to increase the efficiency of the network. Finally, performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed in terms of outage probability, capacity of system.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2015

In this Paper, we proposed optimization of system performance, optimal splitting factor ${\alpha}$ applied to power splitting protocol with relay protocol with decode and forward undergo co-channel interference. We can possible to optimize and maximize the channel capacity of the receive performance and the efficiency of the network through optimal factor of splitting protocol. We verified BER performance and Channel capacity and Outage probability for the proposed scheme over Rayleigh fading through Monte-Carlo simulation.