• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2016

Biometric authentication is considered as being an efficient authentication method, since a user is not required to possess or memorize any other information other than biometrics. However, since biometric information is sensitive and could be permanently unavailable in case of revealing that information just once, it is essential to preserve privacy of biometrics. In addition, since noise is inherent in the user of biometric recognition technologies, the biometric authentication needs to handle the noise. Recently, biometric authentication protocols using fuzzy extractor have been actively researched, but the fuzzy extractor-based authentication has a problem that a user should memorize an additional information, called helper data, to deal with their noisy biometric information. In this paper, we propose a novel biometric authentication protocol using Hidden Vector Key Encapsulation Mechanism(HV-KEM) which is one of functional encryption schemes. A primary advantage of our protocol is that a user does not need to possess or memorize any additional information. We propose security requirements of HV-KEM necessary for constructing biometric authentication protocols, and analyze our proposed protocol in terms of correctness, security, and efficiency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.860-872
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• 2018

In this Paper, we propose 8K UHD (Ultra High Definition) encapsulation method for efficient transmission and reception based on MMT (MPEG Media Transport). Broadcasting services for 8K UHD allow users to feel the maximized reality. However, present technology is difficult to provide 8K UHD in broadcasting networks, because the 8K UHD bitrate is too high to be transmitted in the current broadcasting networks. Research for transmitting 8K UHD is underway. In some researches, a receiver is implemented with four 4K UHD display instead of a 8K UHD display. In order to transmit 8K UHD within the limited transmission bitrate of broadcasting network, 8K UHD contents encoded by SHVC (Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding) and then transmitted over heterogeneous network. For using the broadcasting and communication networks, MMT standard is used. MMT is IP based transmission protocol as the next generation transmission protocol. According to the MMT standard, video stream encapsulated and transmitted in MMTP (MMT Protocol) packet. IP-based broadcasting and communication networks can be used to transmit simultaneously, and the receiver can synchronize and play it. We propose an encapsulation method that can efficiently transmit and receive 8K UHD. The proposed method increases a payload rate and decreases an initial delay at the receiver. We show that the efficiency of the proposed method is verified by experimental tests.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2003

IPsec is a standardization way for protection of IP packets in network layer and it is composed of three protocols that is AH(Authentication Header), ESP(Encapsulation Security Protocol) and IKE(Internet Key Exchange). Before doing encryption and decryption using AH or ESP protocols, both of communicating entities have to share same key safely. IKE protocol works automatically. But it has less interoperability because IKE protocol is not simple. A work which standardize IKEv2 has been done up to now. In this article, we will examine the Cryptographic Algorithms of IKEv2, and describe the AES usage with IPsec, based on the IETF Draft document.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1190-1196
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• 2016

In this paper, a cross-layer interworking scheme for different protocols is proposed to provide an efficient internet services in very small aperture terminal (VSAT) based satellite communication systems. In addition, we implement the proposed interworking model and prove the feasibility of the proposed system. VSAT based satellite communication systems commonly use digital video broadcasting (DVB)-S2 standard. Unfortunately, DVB-S2 has inefficient parts to support IP based internet services because it has originally been designed to support broadcasting services. Generic stream encapsulation (GSE) protocol, which is a layer 2 protocol, has been proposed to mitigate this inefficiency. We propose a cross-layer interworking scheme to cooperate efficiently between IP and GSE protocols and between GSE protocol and DVB-S2, respectively. In addtion, we implement the proposed interworking schemes via computer softwares and prove the feasibility using NI-USRP and commercial DVB receiver.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.635-641
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• 2016

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) shoot tips grown in vitro were successfully cryopreserved by encapsulation-vitrification. Encapsulated explants are very easily manipulated, due to the relatively large size of the alginate beads, and a large number of samples can be treated simultaneously. In this study, the effects of sucrose preculture, cryoprotectant preculture, and post-warm recovery media on regrowth, following liquid nitrogen (LN) exposure, were investigated to establish an efficient encapsulation-vitrification protocol for sweet potato. Shoot tips of plants grown in vitro were precultured in 0.3 M sucrose for 2 d before encapsulation. Encapsulated shoot tips were pre-incubated in liquid MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium containing 0.5 M sucrose for 16 h, before preculturing in sucrose-enriched medium (0.7 M sucrose) for 8 h. Shoot tips were osmoprotected with 35% plant vitrification solution 3 (PVS3) for 3 h, before being dehydrated with PVS3 for 2 h at $25^{\circ}C$. The encapsulated and dehydrated shoot tips were transferred to 2 mL cryotubes, suspended in 0.5 mL PVS3, and plunged directly into liquid N. High levels of shoot formation were obtained for the cv. Yeulmi (65.7%) and Yeonwhangmi (80.3%). The regrowth rates of cryopreserved samples in Yeulmi (78.9%) and Yeonwhangmi (91.3%), following culture on ammonium-free MS medium for 5 d, were much higher than those cultured on standard MS medium (65.7% and 80.3%, respectively). This encapsulation-vitrification is a promising method for the long-term preservation of sweet potato.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.335-344
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• 2011

The Tire Pressure Monitoring System(TPMS) is often used recently. However, the standards and functions are very different. Even though the regulation requires all vehicles install the TPMS, there is no a standard of a Physical and Media access control protocol which provides compatibility with other systems. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol based on the international standard and an energy efficient hybrid RF system platform. The MAC protocol provides compatibility of the TPMS with other systems and the RF system platform reduces energy consumption significantly.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.7C
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• pp.627-636
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• 2012

Recently, XML is used to describe details of service and contents for various fields such as IPTV and digital broadcast services because of it's high readability and extensibility. TV-Anytime's schema and delivery protocol have been especially adopted as basic standards for them, and extended to include their own private functions. However, XML describes documents using text-based method, and this causes to create big documents rather than traditional methods. Therefore, many encoding algorithms have been proposed to reduce XML documents like EXI, BiM, GZIP and fast-info set etc. Although these algorithms shows efficient compression effects for XML documents, but they can't avoid fragmentation degradation during encapsulation steep. This paper proposes an efficient encapsulation scheme of TV-Anytime to avoid fragmentation degradation of encoding effect using common string tables.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2382-2392
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• 2014

In this paper, a new data frame structure for wavelength routing in optical ring access network(ORAN) is designed and the functions of each field in the frame are defined. In addition, the IP packet transmission to the network layer corresponding to the newly proposed structure of the protocol stack is newly presented. Tha data transmission protocol design techniques of ORAN was proposed. IP packet and broadcasting packet transmission within the sub-network, and the IP packet transmission to other sub-network was shown through the process illustration. In the process, the encapsulation and framing process of the wavelength information to routing has been described in detail. And each step takes place in a packet transfer process is demonstrated. A ring type optical access network protocol is not yet research field. ORAN data transfer protocol to send/receive module structure of a subscriber node and a control node of the two rings which analyzed the results are shown. The high-speed Internet solution is proposed that by using wavelength routing the packet transport protocol for ORAN is designed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2006

The goal of this research was to develop an efficient cryopreservation protocol for germplasms of yam (Diosorea batatas), that were cultivated in Korea. Comparative studies with four other cryogenic techniques and subsequent experiments for shoot regrowth were conducted. in vitro-grown shoot-apices of the D. batatas were successfully cryopreserved by encapsulation-dehydration. The maximum survival of shoot-apices could be achieved when the precultured (with 0.3 M of sucrose for one day) and encapsulated (with a 3%(w/v) Na-alginate solution) apices were dehydrated for $3.5{\sim}4\;h$ prior to direct immersion in LN (liquid nitrogen). The frequency of regrowth rate of cryopreserved apices was not decreased during 3-month storage period. The thawing method markedly affected survival of the cryopreserved apices, and thawing at $40^{\circ}C$ for 3 min produced the best results. When cryopreserved apices were post-cultured on the post-culture medium (MS), supplemented with $0.2mgl^{-1}$ of BA ($N_6$-benzyladenine) and $0.2mgl^{-1}$ of kinetin, they showed direct shooting without callusing.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

A promising approach to the development of a new single-step vaccine, which would eliminate the requirement for multiple injections, involves the encapsulation of antigens into microspheres. Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres gave us a bright insight for controling antigen release in a pulsatile fashion, thereby mimicking two or tree boosting injections. However, in spite of the above merits, the level of immunization induced by a single-shot vaccination is often lower tan two doses of alum-adsorbed antigen. Therefore, optima modification of the microsphere is essential for the development of single-step vaccines. In the review, we discuss the stability of antigen in microsphere, safety and non-toxic in human and encapsulation technology. Also, we attempted to outline relevant physicochemical properties on the immunogenicity of microsphere vaccine and attainment of pulsatile release pater by combination of different microsphere, as well as to analyze immunological data associated with antigen delivery by microsphere. Although a lot of variables are related to the optimized microsphere formulation, we could conclude that judicious choice of proper polymer type, adjustment of particles size, and appropriate immunization protocol along with a suitable adjuvant might be a crucial factor for the generation of long-lasting immune response from a single-step vaccine formulation employing PLGA microsphere.