• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.4999-5005
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to investigate expression of the proto-oncogene POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor (Pokemon) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and assess inhibitory effects of a small interference RNA (siRNA) expression vector in SW480 and SW620 cells. Methods: Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine mRNA and protein expression levels of Pokemon in CRC tissues. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was applied to investigate the location of Pokemon in SW480 and SW620 cells. The siRNA expression vectors that were constructed to express a short hairpin RNA against Pokemon were transfected to the SW480 and SW620 cells with a liposome. Expression levels of Pokemon mRNA and protein were examined by real-time quantitative-fluorescent PCR and western blot analysis. The effects of Pokemon silencing on proliferation of SW480 and SW620 cells were evaluated with reference to growth curves with MTT assays. Results: The mRNA expression level of Pokemon in tumor tissues ($0.845{\pm}0.344$) was significantly higher than that in adjacent tumor specimens ($0.321{\pm}0.197$). The positive expression ratio of Pokemon protein in CRC (87.0%) was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (19.6%). Strong fluorescence staining of Pokemon protein was observed in the cytoplasm of the SW480 and SW620 cells. The inhibition ratios of Pokemon mRNA and protein in the SW480 cells were 83.1% and 73.5% at 48 and 72 h, respectively, compared with those of the negative control cells with the siRNA. In the SW620 cells, the inhibition ratios of Pokemon mRNA and protein were 76.3% and 68.7% at 48 and 72 h, respectively. MTT showed that Pokemon gene silencing inhibited the proliferation of SW480 and SW620 cells. Conclusion: Overexpression of Pokemon in CRC may have a function in carcinogenesis and progression. siRNA expression vectors could effectively inhibit mRNA and protein expression of Pokemon in SW480 and SW620 cells, thereby reducing malignant cell proliferation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 1982

Two kinds of clinker liquid melts, one containing 2.0% of $K_2O$ and the other without $K_2O$, were prepared with the similar composition as those developed during the firing of portland cement clinker. One portion of melt was quenched and found to consist of glass together with traces of proto-$C_3A$, and the other portion was allowed to cool spontaneously to crystallize $C_3A$ and calciumferrite well. The product obtained by crystallization of the melt without $K_2O$showed cubic $C_3A$, while orthorhombic $C_3A$ was formed from the crystallized product containing $K_2O$. Studies on the hydration behavior of the samples made from the melts with 30% of gypsum were carried out for 24 hours by observation at regular intervals ettringite, monosulphate hydrates and gypsum which were formed or consumed during hydration. The samples without $K_2O$ in the melts were hydrated wth addition of proper amount of $K_2SO_4$ in the water for hydration. Hydration behavior of glassified $C_3A$ showed that it has low reactivity relative to crystallized $C_3A$, and also hydration reactivity of orthorhombic $C_3A$ was much lower than that of cubic $C_3A$ in 60 minutes. Potassium sulphate in the solution reduced the hydration reactivity of $C_3A$ . Evolution peaks of hydration heat examined by twin-type conduction micro-calorimeter showed that glassified $C_3A$ without $K_2O$ had secondary peak after 9 hours and $C_3A$ containing $K_2O$ after 12 hours. When crystallized $C_3A$ was hydrated, initial peaks of hydration heat were considerably high and there was no secondary peak for cubic $C_3A$ but the secondary peak of orthorhombic $C_3A$ appeared after 4 hours.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제9D권5호
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• pp.925-930
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• 2002

워터마킹은 DRM(digital rights management)의 요소 기술로서 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 하지만, 3D 신속 조형 기술(RP : rapid proto-typing)에 적용된 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 대부분의 연구가 텍스트 문서, 2D 이미지, 동영상, 음악 등의 컨텐츠에 한정되어 있다. RP 시스템은 다품종 소량 생산에 적합하고, 시제품을 제작하여 제품개발 초기 단계에서 설계상의 오류나 부적합한 요인을 조기에 발견하는 것이 가능한 까닭에 산업 현장에 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문은 3D 형상 모델을 가지고 있는 STL(stereolithography) 파일에 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법에 관한 연구이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 3D 형상 데이터의 법선 영역과 패싯 뒷면 영역에 워터마크를 삽입한다. 이런 까닭에 3D 형상에는 어떠한 왜곡도 발생하지 않으며 워터마크의 비가시성(invisibility)을 충족한다. 제안된 알고리즘으로 3D 형상 데이터의 법선 영역과 패싯 뒷면 영역에 워터마크 데이터의 삽입과 추출이 가능함을 보여주었으며, 본 연구의 실험 결과는 fragile 워터마킹과 robust 워터마킹과의 이용가능성을 제시하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2003

본 논문은 새로운 복합 변조방식에 의해 구동되는 메탈 할라이드 램프용 고주파 전자식 안정기에 관한 것이다. 제안하는 변조방법의 경우, 변조신호가 스위프되는 복합 주파수를 갖기 때문에, 일정한 주파수의 변조신호를 갖는 통상의 변조방법 보다 더욱 효과적으로 공명현상을 회피할 수 있다 차후 ASIC을 목적으로, 제안하는 안정기의 제어기는 마이크로프로세서를 사용하지 않고 EPLD만을 사용하여 설계하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안하는 변조방법의 구체적 알고리즘 및 제안하는 변조방법을 적용한 제어기프로토타입의 150 W 메탈할라이드 램프용 안정기로 수행된 실험결과를 기술하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1833-1840
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 자동차의 발달에 따른 정비 전문가의 상대적인 능력 감퇴를 보 완하고 진단의 정확성을 높일 수 있도록 소음계측에 의한 인공 지능적 뉴로-퍼지 진단 기법을 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 진단결과에 영향을 미치는 많은 작용변수와 다양한 차량상태 등을 고려함으로서 보다 신뢰성 있는 결과를 산출해내기 위한 퍼지(fuzzy) 추론 방식의 판단법을 도입하였으며, 진단이 실패했을 경우나 입력된 데이터가 충분하 지 못할 경우에 시스템 자체의 지식을 확장시켜 나갈 수 있도록 해밍네트(hamming net )에 의한 패턴인식 기법을 적용하였다. 그리고 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 자동차를 대상 으로 고장진단 실험을 실시하여 기존의 진단기법과의 비교를 통한 뉴로-퍼지 진단기법 의 효율성과 알고리즘의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2004

옥천변성대의 소위 문주리층에 분포하는 규장질 변성응회암의 U-Pb 저어콘 연대를 고분해능 이차이온질량분석기(SHRIMP)를 사용해 측정하였다. 10개의 저어콘 입자로부터 얻어진 13개의 점분석 자료는 대부분 일치연련성(concordia) 상에 찍히며, 이들로부터 구한 $^{206}$ Pb/$^{238}$ U 가중평균연대는 747$\pm$7Ma이다. 이 연대는 Lee et. al.(1998)이 전통적 방법으로 구한 U-Pb 저어콘 연대(756$\pm$Ma)보다 약간 적지만 두 연대측정 결과 모두 약 7.5억년 전 쌍모식 화산활동과 함께 대륙내 분지가 옥천대에서 발달하였음을 지지한다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2001년도 추계학술발표논문집 (하)
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• pp.1287-1290
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• 2001

현재 인터넷상에서 버디 리스트와 프레젠스 서비스가 폭발적인 증가하고 있고, 이들 서비스는 온라인 상태에서 인스턴트 메시지를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 이들 서비스들은 독자 사양에 따라 구현되어 강호호환성을 제공하지 않는다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 인터넷 표준 기구인 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)[1]의 IMPP (Instant Messaging and Presence Proto3col) 워킹그룹은 인스턴트 메시징과 프레젠스 서비스를 위한 기본골격(framework)을 표준화하였고, IMPP 를 따르는 메신저 프로토콜을 표준화하는 SIMPLE (SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging) 워킹그룹과 APEX (Application Exchange) 워킹그룹을 구성하였다. 본 논문에서는 IETF SIMPLE 워킹그룹에서 제안만 SIP 기반 인스턴트 메시징과 프레젠스 기능을 갖는 메신저를 구현하였다. 구현 언어는 C++를 사용하였고 UA (User Agent)는 MS Windows 98/2000에서 구현하였고 인스턴트 메시징과 프레젠스 기능을 수행하는 메신저 서버는 Linux에서 구현하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2007

This study was carried out to minimize the lifting force of a two hinge type stand mechanism. This unit is designed for the display devices in order to enhance the ergonomics for effective height adjustment and maintenance at any preferred position. The unit will be very useful for the mechanism fabricated with a coil spring and disc springs as a torque generator. The maximum and the minimum torque value should be calculated initially for the smooth lift. And the reasonable torque distribution is necessary to prevent any auto lift and auto dropping at any position because the torque generated by coil spring is more sensitive than disc spring in tilting the position. Therefore, the analysis of the coil spring is requisite to issue the specific torque value depending on the distorted angle with securing reliability of a long time storage condition. After the theoretical torque value was calculated, the evaluation was carried out by making a proto-type sample, then distorted angle was updated by experiment. The result of this study can readily be applied to various units for the optimization of the smooth lift.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.377-380
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• 2015

Muscle contusion has a negative effect on muscle function. Although several studies showed that pain control and muscle recovery is facilitated by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), there has not been much research regarding the specific effects of PEMF on them. The aim of the present study is to investigate effects of PEMF on pain and muscle recovery following extensor digitorum longus (EDL) contusion injury through measuring the expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene and nerve growth factor (NGF). Significantly reduced c-fos expression in the spinal cord was shown in PEMF groups compared with control (CON) groups. There was no significant difference between PEMF1 and CON1, but significantly increased NGF expression was shown in PEMF3 and PEMF5 compared with in CON groups, where the numbers in the group names are the days from contusion. In conclusion, PEMF could be used to not only reduce pain in muscle injuries by down-regulating c-fos expression in the spinal cord, but it could also influence muscle healing through increasing NGF expression in the injured muscle.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.4-9
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• 2018

Cancer metabolism as a field of research was founded almost 100 years ago by Otto Warburg, who described the propensity for cancers to convert glucose to lactate despite the presence of oxygen, which in yeast diminishes glycolytic metabolism known as the Pasteur effect. In the past 20 years, the resurgence of interest in cancer metabolism provided significant insights into processes involved in maintenance metabolism of non-proliferating cells and proliferative metabolism, which is regulated by proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors in normal proliferating cells. In cancer cells, depending on the driving oncogenic event, metabolism is re-wired for nutrient import, redox homeostasis, protein quality control, and biosynthesis to support cell growth and division. In general, resting cells rely on oxidative metabolism, while proliferating cells rewire metabolism toward glycolysis, which favors many biosynthetic pathways for proliferation. Oncogenes such as MYC, BRAF, KRAS, and PI3K have been documented to rewire metabolism in favor of proliferation. These cell intrinsic mechanisms, however, are insufficient to drive tumorigenesis because immune surveillance continuously seeks to destroy neo-antigenic tumor cells. In this regard, evasion of cancer cells from immunity involves checkpoints that blunt cytotoxic T cells, which are also attenuated by the metabolic tumor microenvironment, which is rich in immuno-modulating metabolites such as lactate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, kynurenine, and the proton (low pH). As such, a full understanding of tumor metabolism requires an appreciation of the convergence of cancer cell intrinsic metabolism and that of the tumor microenvironment including stromal and immune cells.