• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2022

This study developed a functional prototype jacket designed to reduce loads on the upper extremities of workers performing repetitive motions in the same posture for extended periods of time. Dynamic taping lines were applied to the upper extremities, and three dimensional (3D) supporters were inserted in the abdomen and back waist areas corresponding to the core muscles. Clothing pressure on the upper-extremity dynamic taping lines was set to two levels (proto P1 and proto P2), and the 3D supporters were designed in three types (proto FW, proto FW/BW, proto FW/BW/BBX). According to the subjective pressure perceived on each part of the upper extremities, the level proto P1 pressure was preferred. The proto FW/BW/BBX 3D supporter was rated as excellent, and the perceived pressure was ranked as satisfactory. The prototype jacket performed upper-extremity load reduction when the upper-extremity clothing-pressure level was set to 1.8 kPa, 2.1 kPa, and 2.4 kPa on the upper arm, forearm, and wrist regions, respectively, and when 3D supporters were installed in the abdomen and back of the waist with the addition of a back band.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 경주코오롱호텔; 22-23 May 1997
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• pp.594-601
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• 1997

Propeller fans are commonly equipped in outdoor units of air-conditioners to provide effective cooling in a dried heat exchanger. A new design technique was developed to satisfy requirements of aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance, which employs the intersection method of two cylinders for mean camber line. Three proto-types of propeller fan including Palm-Shaped, Highly-Swept(PSHS) fan (proto 3)were not only to provide low lift forces for dipole sound, but also to reduce the organized tip vortices interacting with the fan guide causing narrow-banded rotating instabilities. Cross-correlation technique was applied to study flow noise source characteristics for three proto-type fans designed. The cross-correlations between a microphone at far field and a hot-wire sensor at near field show that flows near hub region of proto 3 fan are less organized and the flow structures especially at high flow rate coefficients for proto 3 fan are less correlated with noise generated than other proto-types fans.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2015

The study aims at a selective effect of the Grid and Window net in the shrimp beam trawl. The experimental trawling of the Proto type, Grid type and Grid and Window net type was performed in a sea area of Geo-je and Tong-yeong from Mar, 2006 to Apr, 2010. The obtained results are as follows; Catch per unit area (Number) of the Proto type net and Grid type net were $0.18/m^2$, $0.23/m^2$, respectively. The Grid type demonstrated 2.4% lower bycatch rate than the proto type (6.6% vs 4.2%, respectively). In addition, in terms of total weight, the bycatch rate of Grid type was 7.6% lower than the proto type (50.2% vs 42.6%, respectively). In the comparison of shrimp catch, the Proto type demonstrated better haul outcome ($0.02case/m^2$) than the Grid & Window type ($0.02case/m^2$). The Grid & Window net type demonstrated 16.4% lower bycatch rate than the Proto type (32.2% vs 48.6%, respectively). In addition, in terms of total weight, the bycatch rate of Grid & Window net type was 8.3% lower than the Proto type (85.9% vs 94.2% respectively).

• 환경생물
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2019

본 연구는 한반도에서 Proto3 모형을 수행하기 위하여 필요한 3가지 기후인자 지도, 1. 식물 내한성 구역, 2. 쾨펜-가이거 기후구, 3. 연누적강수량 영역에 대한 한반도 지도를 1 km 해상도로 제작하였다. Worldclim V2와 한반도 30년 평균 기상대 데이터를 이용하여 한반도 최저극값온도 격자를 제작하였으며, 이를 활용하여 한반도 식물 내한성구역 격자지도를 제작하여 Proto3에 이용하였다. 쾨펜-가이거 기후구 지도는 Beck et al. (2018)의 쾨펜-가이거 기후구 지도를 Proto3에 적합하게 변형하였으며, 연누적강수량 영역은 Worldclim V2를 활용하여 제작하였다. 제작된 Proto3 기후 인자 지도를 활용하여 외래잡초 별나팔꽃의 정착 확산 가능 지역을 예측한 결과, 남한 대부분의 지역과 북한의 황해도를 포함한 남쪽 지방까지 전체 한반도 격자의 50.7%가 정착, 확산 가능지역으로 예측되었다. 본 결과는 별나팔꽃의 위해성 평가 및 관리 체계 수립 등에 활용가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.362-371
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• 1996

Oxyfluorfen에 대한 감수성이 상이한 것으로 보고된 7품종을 공시하여, oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성 및 감수성의 정도를 검정하고, 약제에 대해 각 품종이 나타내는 반응성의 차이를 해명하기 위하여 살초활성발현에 관여되는 작용기구에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 1. Oxytluorfen 에 대한 감수성이 다른 7 품종에 대하여 경엽 및 근부처리를 실시한 결과 Baru, Hawon 및 Hunan 31이 내성 품종으로 Weld pelly, HP 1033, HP 907 및 HP 857이 감수성 품종으로 구분되었다. 각각의 품종 중에서 내성품종으로 Hunan 31과 감수성 품종인 HP 907 및 HP 857을 선정하여 $^{14}C$-oxyfluorfen의 흡수율을 조사한 결과, 경엽처리 시에는 Hunan 31에 비하여 감수성 품종의 경시적인 흡수율이 현저히 증가하는 경향이었는데, HP 857의 경우는 Hunan 31에 비하여 약제처리 120분 후의 흡수율이 3.2배에 달하였다. 2. 활성산소를 생성하는 것으로 알려진 광증감색소인 Proto IX의 축적량을 내성 및 감수성 품종들에서 조사한 결과, 약세처리 후 0, 12, 24시간의 광조건하에서 감수성 품종은 내성 품종보다 Proto IX의 축적량이 많았다. 특히, 2시간의 약제처리후 HP 857 및 HP 907은 Hunan 31에 비하여 Proto IX의 축적량이 4.7배 이상 높은 것으로 나타나 광조사 개시기의 Proto IX 축적량과 약제에 대한 감수성은 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 3. 활성산소에 의한 항산화작용을 방어하는 각종의 항산화효소활성은 약제에 대한 품종간 감수성과 관련성이 적은 것으로 나타났는데, SOD, AP, GR 및 MDAR의 활성은, 각 품종에서 광조사시간이 경과함에 따라 수분손실 등의 약해가 증가중임에도 불구하고 무처리보다 처리의 경우가 더 증가하는 경향이었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase(Protox) 저해형 제초제인 oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성차이는 동일 개체내의 호박 엽령에서 관찰되었다. 엽위별 oxyfluorfen에 내성기작을 구명하기 위해 잎의 피해정도, 세포내 구성물질의 누출, 포르피린 생합성 경로의 tetrapyrrole 중간물질 축적량 및 항산화효소 활성을 포함한 생리적 반응을 조사하였다. 중앙애호박의 1, 2 및 3엽에 대한 oxyfluorfen에 내성은 4엽에 비해 각각 >10,000, 1,286 및 1.6배 높았고, 신토좌의 1, 2 및 3엽에 대한 oxyfluorfen에 내성은 4엽에 비해 각각 725, 366, >0.6배 높았다. 그러나 oxyfluorfen과 작용기작이 다른 paraquat 처리에서는 oxyfluorfen 처리의 결과와 다르게 두 품종 모두 상위엽인 4엽이 하위엽인 1, 2 및 3엽에 비해 훨씬 피해가 적었다. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 전해물질의 누출은 처리 후 광노출 기간이 경과할수록 상위엽(4엽)에서 하위엽(1, 2, 3엽) 보다 많았다. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 의한 tetrapyrrole 중간물질 protoporphyrin IX(Proto IX), Mg-Proto IX 및 Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester의 축적량은 감수성인 4엽이 내성인 1엽에 비해 많았다. 따라서 oxyfluorfen 처리에 대한 호박 엽령별 반응 차이는 tetrapyrrole 중간물질의 과다한 축적에 의해 기인되는 것으로 생각된다. Tetrapyrrole 중간 물질 축적량의 결과와 다르게 항산화효소 superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase 및 glutathione reductase 활성은 무처리 및 oxyfluorfen 처리 후 4엽이 1엽에 비해 높았다. 그러나 4엽에서 항산화효소 활성 유도는 Protox 저해제 oxyfluorfen의 독성효과를 극복하는데 충분하지 않아 결국 4엽은 고사하게 되는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권6호통권113호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bump crossing and loading stability of a proto-type mini-forwarder under development. The evaluation was performed by computer simulation using a multi-body dynamic analysis program, Recur- Dyn 5.21. The proto-type was modeled and its properties such as mass, mass center, and mass moment of inertia were determined using 3D CAD modeler, Solid Edge 8.0. The $\%$ errors of masses, mass center, mass moment of inertia, and vertical motion of the model were within less than $10\%$ and the model's behavior agreed relatively well with those of the proto-type when traversing over a rectangular bump. Using the validated model, bump crossing of the proto-type was simulated and the loading limit was determined. It was found that effects of the shapes of bump on the bump crossing performance was insignificant within the practical heights of bumps. Stability of bump crossing increased with loading. However, loading of longer logs than 2.7 m made the crossing unstable because the ends of logs contacted ground when traversing over the bump. The maximum loading capacity of the proto-type was estimated to be 7.8 kN of 2.7 m long logs.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 1997

The Bcl-2 protein has been shown to block apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. We have performed the experiments which cell death can be blocked by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene under moderate(50-100mM) or high ethanol treatment(400-600mM). As a result of morphological changes, and MTT assay, cell death was blocked by Bcl-2 under 100mM ethanol. However, the results of DNA fragmentation and RT-PCR(ICE, and CPP32), immunoblotting(CPP32, and PARP) for SK-pcDNA3 cells(vector only) and SK-Bcl-2 cells(stably expressed bcl-2 gene) were showen to be no significant differences between two cell lines. These results suggested that cell death induced by ethanol was not followed by apoptosis mechanism, and was blocked by the bcl-2 proto-oncogene with moderate ethanol.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2002

We study a role of the proto-accretion disk during the formation of the planetary system, which is motivated with recent X-ray observations. There is an observational correlation of the mass of extrasolar planets with their orbital period, which also shows the minimum orbital period. This is insufficiently accounted for by the selection effect alone. Besides, most of planetary formation theories predict the lower limit of semimajor axes of the planetary orbits around 0.01 AU. While the migration theory involving the accretion disk is the most favorable theory, it causes too fast migration and requires the braking mechanism to halt the planet~0.01 AU. The induced gap in the accretion disk due to the planet and/or the truncated disk are desperately required to stop the planet. We explore the planetary evaporation in the accretion disk as another possible scenario to explain the observational lack of massive close-in planets. We calculate the location where the planet is evaporated when the mass and the radius of the planet are given, and find that the evaporation location is approximately proportional to the mass of the planet as ${m_p}^{-1.3}$ and the radius of the planet as ${r_p}^{1.3}$. Therefore, we conclude that even the standard cool accretion disk becomes marginally hot to make the small planet evaporate at~0.01 AU. We discuss other auxiliary mechanisms which may provide the accretion disk with extra heats other than the viscous friction, which may consequently make a larger planet evaporate.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1609-1613
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• 2003

This research focused on the development of automatically exclusive production equipment of corrupad as changing manual system into automatic system to increase the output. Therefore the minimization of the problem of the rewinding mechanism with eccentric cantilever structure is key to the achievement of the high performance for automation production. Proto-type corrupad rewinding machine is manufactured after considering the effect of the rotational vibration and natural frequency of the structure of machine by using 3D design packages such as ADAMS and I-deas. For evaluating the performance of the proto-type machine, simulations of dynamic and static characteristics using 3D design packages, a series of modal tests by accelerometer and measurements of dynamic behavior by high-speed camera for rewinding part, were carried out. As a result, the proto-type machine was not affected with the rotational vibration. Whirling error of eccentric cantilever structure in driving is small. Therefore the machine developed is most suitable to produce corrupad automatically. However reinforcement of the structure in axial direction is required due to so vibration in that direction.